User:SandyGeorgia/sandbox2#Medical FAs

; DLB

1. {{cite journal |vauthors=Isik AT, Dost FS, Yavuz I, Ontan MS, Ates Bulut E, Kaya D |title=Orthostatic hypotension in dementia with Lewy bodies: a meta-analysis of prospective studies |journal=Clin Auton Res |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=133–141 |date=April 2023 |pmid=36862320 |doi=10.1007/s10286-023-00933-1 |type= Meta-analysis}}
2. {{cite journal |vauthors=Jellinger KA |title=Mild cognitive impairment in dementia with Lewy bodies: an update and outlook |journal=J Neural Transm (Vienna) |volume=130 |issue=12 |pages=1491–1508 |date=December 2023 |pmid=37418039 |doi=10.1007/s00702-023-02670-1 |type= Review}}
3. {{cite journal |vauthors=Jellinger KA |title=Depression in dementia with Lewy bodies: a critical update |journal=J Neural Transm (Vienna) |volume=130 |issue=10 |pages=1207–1218 |date=October 2023 |pmid=37418037 |doi=10.1007/s00702-023-02669-8 |type= Review}}

; TS

1. {{done}} {{cite journal |vauthors=Johnson KA, Worbe Y, Foote KD, Butson CR, Gunduz A, Okun MS |title=Tourette syndrome: clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment |journal=Lancet Neurol |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=147–158 |date=February 2023 |pmid=36354027 |doi=10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00303-9 |type= Review}}
2. {{cite journal |vauthors=Marazziti D, Palermo S, Arone A, Massa L, Parra E, Simoncini M, Martucci L, Beatino MF, Pozza A |title=Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, PANDAS, and Tourette Syndrome: Immuno-inflammatory Disorders |journal=Adv Exp Med Biol |volume=1411 |issue= |pages=275–300 |date=2023 |pmid=36949315 |doi=10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_13 |type= Review}}
3. {{cite journal |vauthors=Nilles C, Hartmann A, Roze E, Martino D, Pringsheim T |title=Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders of childhood |journal=Handb Clin Neurol |volume=196 |pages=457–474 |date=2023 |pmid=37620085 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-98817-9.00002-8 |type= Review}}

Legend: {{pb}}{{highlight|Outstanding|violet}} (more than two standard deviations above mean),{{pb}} {{highlight|Considerably above average|lightblue}} (more than one standard deviation above mean), {{pb}}{{highlight|Above average|#00FF00}}, {{highlight|Average}}, {{highlight|Below average|orange}}, {{highlight|Considerably below average |pink}}

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Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine/Translation task force/RTT/Simple Asperger syndrome (March 13, 2016)

{{Infobox disease

|Name= Asperger syndrome

|Image= Autism-stacking-cans 2nd edit.jpg

|Alt= Young red-haired boy facing away from camera, stacking a seventh can atop a column of six food cans on the kitchen floor. An open pantry contains many more cans.

|Caption= People with Asperger syndrome often display restricted interests, such as this boy's interest in stacking cans.

| field = Psychiatry

| synonyms = Asperger's syndrome, Asperger disorder (AD), Asperger's

|DiseasesDB= 31268

|ICD10= {{ICD10|F|84|5|f|80}}

|ICD9={{ICD9|299.80}}

|OMIM= 608638

|MedlinePlus= 001549

|eMedicineSubj= ped

|eMedicineTopic= 147

|MeshName= Asperger+syndrome

|MeshNumber= F03.550.325.100

}}

Asperger syndrome (AS) is a developmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. It is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and differs from other disorders by relatively normal language and intelligence.{{cite web|title=F84.5 Asperger syndrome|url=http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2015/en#/F84.5|website=World Health Organization|accessdate=13 March 2016|date=2015 Version}} Although not required for diagnosis, physical clumsiness and unusual use of language are common.{{cite journal |author= McPartland J, Klin A |title= Asperger's syndrome |journal= Adolesc Med Clin |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=771–88 |year=2006 |pmid=17030291 |doi= 10.1016/j.admecli.2006.06.010}}{{cite journal |author= Baskin JH, Sperber M, Price BH |title= Asperger syndrome revisited |journal= Rev Neurol Dis |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=1–7 |year=2006 |pmid=16596080}} Symptoms usually begin before two years old and can last for a person's entire life.

The exact cause of Asperger's is unknown.{{cite web|title=Autism Spectrum Disorder|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/autism-spectrum-disorder-qf-15-5511/index.shtml|website=National Institute of Mental Health|accessdate=12 March 2016|date=September 2015}} While there is likely a genetic basis it has not been determined.{{cite journal |author= Klauck SM |title= Genetics of autism spectrum disorder |journal= European Journal of Human Genetics |year=2006 |volume=14 |issue=6 |pages=714–720 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201610 |pmid= 16721407 |url=http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v14/n6/pdf/5201610a.pdf |format=PDF}} Environmental factors are also believed to play a role. Brain imaging have not identified a common underlying problem. The diagnosis of Asperger's was gotten rid of in the 2013 fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and people with these symptoms are now included within the autism spectrum disorder along with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified.{{cite web|title=Autism Spectrum Disorder|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd/index.shtml|website=National Institute of Mental Health|accessdate=12 March 2016}} It remains within the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) as of 2015.

There is no single treatment, and the effectiveness of particular interventions is supported by only limited data. Treatment is aimed at improving poor communication skills, obsessive or repetitive routines, and physical clumsiness. Efforts may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parenting training, and medications for associated problems such as depression or anxiety.{{cite web |author= National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) |date=31 July 2007 |url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm |accessdate=24 August 2007 |title= Asperger syndrome fact sheet| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070821112426/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/asperger/detail_asperger.htm?| archivedate= 21 August 2007 | url-status= live}} NIH Publication No. 05-5624. Most children improve as they grow up, but social and communication difficulties may persist.{{cite journal |author=Woodbury-Smith MR, Volkmar FR |title=Asperger syndrome |journal=Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=2–11 |date=January 2009 |pmid=18563474 |doi=10.1007/s00787-008-0701-0}} Some researchers and people on the autism spectrum have advocated a shift in attitudes toward the view that autism spectrum disorder is a difference, rather than a disease that must be treated or cured.{{cite journal |journal= Disabil Soc |year=2007 |volume=22 |issue=7 |pages=761–76 |title= 'Surplus suffering': differences between organizational understandings of Asperger's syndrome and those people who claim the 'disorder' |author= Clarke J, van Amerom G |doi=10.1080/09687590701659618}}{{cite journal |journal= Focus Autism Other Dev Disabl |year=2002 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=186–91 |title= Is Asperger syndrome necessarily viewed as a disability? |author= Baron-Cohen S |doi=10.1177/10883576020170030801}} A preliminary, freely readable draft, with slightly different wording in the quoted text, is in: {{cite web |url=http://autismresearchcentre.com/docs/papers/2002_BC_ASDisability.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2 December 2008 |year=2002 |author= Baron-Cohen S |title= Is Asperger's syndrome necessarily a disability? |publisher= Autism Research Centre |location= Cambridge| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081217140628/http://autismresearchcentre.com/docs/papers/2002_BC_ASDisability.pdf| archivedate= 17 December 2008 | url-status= live}}

In 2013, Asperger's was estimated to affect 31 million people globally.{{cite journal|last1=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|first1=Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|journal=Lancet|date=5 June 2015|pmid=26063472|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4}} The syndrome is named after the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger who, in 1944, described children in his practice who lacked nonverbal communication, had limited understanding of others feelings, and were physically clumsy.{{cite book |author= Asperger H; tr. and annot. Frith U |origyear=1944 |chapter= 'Autistic psychopathy' in childhood |editor= Frith U |title= Autism and Asperger syndrome |year=1991 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-38608-X |pages=37–92}} The modern conception of Asperger syndrome came into existence in 1981 and went through a period of popularization.{{cite journal |author=Klin A, Pauls D, Schultz R, Volkmar F |title=Three diagnostic approaches to Asperger syndrome: Implications for research |journal=J of Autism and Dev Dis |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=221–34 |year=2005 |pmid=15909408 |doi=10.1007/s10803-004-2001-y }}{{cite book |title= Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism? |editor1= Schopler E |editor2=Mesibov GB |editor3=Kunce LJ |publisher= Plenum press |location= New York |year=1998 |chapter= The history of Asperger syndrome |author= Wing L |pages=11–25 |isbn= 0-306-45746-6 |url= https://books.google.ca/books?id=jz_xbeWgG9AC&pg=PA11}}{{cite journal |title=Asperger's Syndrome: A Comparison of Clinical Diagnoses and Those Made According to the ICD-10 and DSM-IV |journal=J of Autism and Dev Disord. |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=235–240 |year=2005 |pmid= 15909409 |author=Woodbury-Smith M, Klin A, Volkmar F |doi=10.1007/s10803-004-2002-x }} It became a standardized diagnosis in the early 1990s.{{cite book|last1=Baker|first1=Linda|title=Asperger's Syndrome: Intervening in Schools, Clinics, and Communities|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135624149|page=44|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=KiSRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44}} Many questions and controversies remain about aspects of the disorder. There is doubt about whether it is distinct from high-functioning autism (HFA).{{cite journal |journal= Rev Bras Psiquiatr |year=2006 |volume=28 |issue= suppl 1 |pages=S3–S11 |title= Autism and Asperger syndrome: an overview |author= Klin A |doi=10.1590/S1516-44462006000500002 |pmid=16791390 |url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462006000500002&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en}} Partly because of this, the percentage of people affected is not firmly established.

Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine/Translation task force/RTT/Simple Dementia with Lewy bodies (October 3, 2016)

{{Infobox medical condition

| Name = Dementia with Lewy bodies

| Image = Lewy Koerperchen.JPG

| Caption = A microscopic image of Lewy bodies

| Field = Neurology

| synonyms = Lewy body dementia (LBD), diffuse Lewy body disease, cortical Lewy body disease, senile dementia of Lewy type

| DiseasesDB = 3800

| ICD10 = {{ICD10|G|31|8|g|30}}

| ICD9 = {{ICD9|331.82}}

| ICDO =

| OMIM = 127750

| MedlinePlus =

| eMedicineSubj = neuro

| eMedicineTopic = 91

| MeshID = D020961

}}

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a type of dementia that gradually worsens over time.{{cite web|title=NINDS Dementia With Lewy Bodies Information Page|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/dementiawithlewybodies/dementiawithlewybodies.htm|website=NINDS|accessdate=3 October 2016|date=2 November 2015}} Additional symptoms may include fluctuations in alertness, seeing things that other people do not, slowness of movement, trouble walking, and rigidity. Excessive movement during sleep and mood changes such as depression are also common.{{cite web|title=Common Symptoms|url=https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/lewy-body-dementia/common-symptoms|website=NIA|accessdate=3 October 2016|date=29 July 2016}}

The cause is unknown. There is typically no family history among those affected. The underlying mechanism involves the buildup of Lewy bodies, clumps of alpha-synuclein protein in neurons. It is classified as a neurodegenerative disorder. A diagnosis may be suspected based on symptom, with blood tests and medical imaging done to rule out other possible causes.{{cite web|title=Diagnosis|url=https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/lewy-body-dementia/diagnosis|website=NIA|accessdate=3 October 2016|date=29 September 2015}} The differential diagnosis includes Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

There is no cure for DLB. Treatments try to improve mental, psychiatric, and motor symptoms. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil, may provide some benefit. Some motor problems may improve with levodopa. Antipsychotics, even for hallucination, should generally be avoided due to side effects.

DLB is the most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. It typically begins after the age of 50. About 0.1% of those over 65 are affected.{{cite book|last1=Dickson|first1=Dennis|last2=Weller|first2=Roy O.|title=Neurodegeneration: The Molecular Pathology of Dementia and Movement Disorders|date=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781444341232|page=224|edition=2|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=4SYIwcoH_yoC&pg=PA224|language=en}} Males appear to be more commonly affected than females. In the late part of the disease people may depend entirely on others for their care. Life expectancy following diagnosis is around 8 years. The abnormal deposits that cause the disease were discovered in 1912 by Frederic Lewy.{{cite web|title=The Basics of Lewy Body Dementia|url=https://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/lewy-body-dementia/basics-lewy-body-dementia|website=NIA|accessdate=3 October 2016|date=29 July 2016}}

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