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McCray received her Bachelor of Arts degree from Skidmore College in 1969, where she studied modern languages. She then attended Boston College, where she received her Master of Arts degree in German Literature and Languages. She received her Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy from Georgetown University in 1977 and 1981, respectively, studying Linguistics.

McCray's research centers on knowledge representation and discovery, with a particular focus on how clinical information biomedical research and human health.{{Cite web|url=https://dbmi.hms.harvard.edu/people/alexa-mccray|title=Alexa McCray {{!}} Department of Biomedical Informatics|website=dbmi.hms.harvard.edu|access-date=2019-06-05}}

From 1997 to 2005, McCray served as Director of the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications at the National Library of Medicine.{{Cite web|url=https://nihrecord.nih.gov/newsletters/10_07_97/appoint.htm|title=NIH Record - 10-07-97 -- Appointees|website=nihrecord.nih.gov|access-date=2019-06-05}}

From 2013 to 2014, she served as the President of the American College of Medical Informatics.{{Cite web|url=https://www.amia.org/programs/acmi-fellowship/leadership|title=ACMI Leadership {{!}} AMIA|website=www.amia.org|access-date=2019-05-30}} She currently serves as the Chair of the National Academy of Sciences Board of Research Data and Information (BRDI), which is charged with improving the policy and practices around and use of digital data and information.{{Cite web|url=http://sites.nationalacademies.org/PGA/brdi/PGA_047289|title=Members|website=sites.nationalacademies.org|access-date=2019-06-05}}

https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/713934/better-access-information-about-clinical-trials

McCray has lent her expertise to a number of scientific councils and committees. Between 2017 and 2018, she served as the Chair of the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Toward an Open Science Enterprise, which produced a report by the same name.{{Cite journal|last=Aut|first=Kramer David author|date=2018-07-20|title=National Academies present a guide for “open science”|url=https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/PT.6.2.20180720a/abs/|language=EN|doi=10.1063/PT.6.2.20180720a}}{{Cite web|url=http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=25116|title=Report Proposes Recommendations and New Framework to Speed Progress Toward Open Science|website=www8.nationalacademies.org|language=en|access-date=2019-06-05}} The Committee worked from the premise that the products of science—including publications, data, and underlying analytic methodologies—should be made freely available. This practice is known as open science in the research community. The Committee looked at challenges to realizing open science—including academic culture and incentives, economic models of publishing, and barriers in infrastructure—and published recommendations for coordinated actions across the research community to foster openness across the research enterprise in a 2018 report.

• Innovations in American Government Award, Harvard University, 2004{{Cite web|url=https://nihrecord.nih.gov/newsletters/2004/08_31_2004/story03.htm|title=NLM Web Site Wins Harvard University's 'Oscar' Award, August 31, 2004 NIH Record - National Institutes of Health (NIH)|website=nihrecord.nih.gov|access-date=2019-05-30}}
• Plain Language Award, presented by Vice President Al Gore, 2001{{Cite web|url=https://nihrecord.nih.gov/newsletters/02_20_2001/story08.htm|title=NIH Record-2/20/2001--NIH Receives Awards for Using Plain Language|website=nihrecord.nih.gov|access-date=2019-05-30}}
• Elected Member, National Academy of Medicine, 2001{{Cite web|url=https://nam.edu/member/|title=Member|website=National Academy of Medicine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-30}}
• Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1998
• Fellow, American College of Medical Informatics, 1994{{Cite web|url=https://www.amia.org/about-amia/leadership/acmi-fellow/alexa-t-mccray-phd-facmi|title=Alexa T. McCray, PhD, FACMI {{!}} AMIA|website=www.amia.org|access-date=2019-05-30}}