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The ''Younger'' Saxony: The Duchy and the Electorate
File:Armoiries Saxe.svg used since the accession of the House of Ascania to the dukedom in 1180, comprising the Ascanian arms with an added bendwise crancelin indicating the Saxon ducal rank]]
The new dukes replaced the Saxon horse emblem (20px) and introduced their Ascanian family colours and emblem (20px) added by a bendwise crancelin, symbolising the Saxon ducal crown, as new coat-of-arms of Saxony (20px). The later rulers of the House of Wettin adopted the Ascanian coat-of-arms.
=[[House of Ascania]]=
==Partitions of Saxony under Ascanian rule==
style="border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;"
|+ |
colspan=4 style="background: #fff;" |Duchy of Saxony (1180-1296) |
colspan=1 rowspan="3" style="background: #abc;" |Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg (1296-1356) | colspan=4 style="background: #def;" |Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg |
colspan=1 style="background: #dde;" |Duchy of Saxe-Mölln (1303-1315) | colspan=2 style="background: #ffd;" |Duchy of Saxe-Bergdorf-Lauenburg | colspan=1 style="background: #eef;" |Duchy of Saxe-Ratzeburg |
colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="background: #dde;" |Duchy of Saxe-Bergdorf-Mölln (1315-1401) | colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="background: #ffd;" |Duchy of Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg |
colspan=1 rowspan="2" style="background: #eee;" |Electorate of Saxe-Wittenberg (1356-1422) |
colspan=4 rowspan="2" style="background: #def;" |Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg (1401-1689) |
The Ascanian Dynasty continued in Saxe-Lauenburg until 1689, but after the Lauenburg line had finally lost the Saxon Electorate to the Wittenberg line in 1356 and failed to obtain the succession in the Electorate after 1422, recognition of the Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg as Dukes of Saxony waned. To follow the remnant House of Ascania in Saxe-Lauenburg, follow this table. For the following Electors of Saxony, see below the House of Wettin.
==Table of rulers==
(Note: Both lines follow the numbering established in this table until 1296. From 1296 on, each line follows independently the succession of Saxon dukes until 1296)
class="wikitable" | ||||||
bgcolor=#cccccc
! colspan=2 | Ruler | ||||||
style="background:#fff;"
|Bernard III | 80px | |1180-1212 Duke of Saxony | Brigitte of Denmark six children Sophia of Thuringia one child Judith of Poland c.1173 no children | Also Count of Ballenstedt and Prince of Anhalt. | ||
style="background:#fff;"
|Albert I | 80px | |1212-1260 Duke of Saxony | Agnes of Austria 1222 five children Agnes of Thuringia 1238 three children Helene of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1247 five children | Father of the following two dukes | ||
style="background:#fff;"
|Albert II | 80px | |1260-1296 Duke of Saxony | Agnes of Austria 1282 six children |rowspan="5"| Until 1282, the brothers John I and Albert II ruled jointly. From John I's abdication in 1282, Albert shared rule with his minor nephews, sons of John I: John II, Albert III and Eric I. In 1296 they divided the land. Albert II retained Saxe-Wittenberg, and became the head of the elder Saxon Line, while his nephews ruled together in Saxe-Lauenburg, becoming the founders of the younger Saxon Line. | |||
style="background:#fff;"
|John I | |1260-1282 Duke of Saxony | Ingeborg Birgersdotter of Sweden 1270 eight children | ||||
style="background:#fff;"
|John II | |
|rowspan="3"|1282-1296 | Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg 1315 one child | ||||
style="background:#fff;"
|Eric I | 80px | Elisabeth of Pomerania 1316 or 1318 four children | ||||
style="background:#fff;"
|Albert III | | | Margaret of Brandenburg-Salzwedel 1302 two children | ||||
style="background:#fff;"
| align="center" colspan=7 | In 1296 Albert II and his nephews Albert III, Eric I, and John II ended their joint rule and partitioned Saxony into the Lauenburg line, where Albert III, Eric I, and John II continued to rule jointly until 1303, and the Wittenberg line, where Albert II continued as sole ruler until 1298. Since the Duke of Saxony was considered one of the prince-electors choosing a new Holy Roman Emperor, conflict arose between the lines of Lauenburg and Wittenberg over the issue of who should cast Saxony's vote. In 1314 both lines found themselves on different sides in a double election. Eventually, the Dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg succeeded in 1356 after the promulgation of the Golden Bull. To distinguish him from other rulers bearing the title Duke of Saxony, he was commonly called Elector of Saxony. | ||||||
style="background:#abc;" | 80px | |1250 | 1296-1298 Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg | 25 August 1298 | Agnes of Austria 1282 six children | Became sole ruler of Saxe-Wittenberg. |
style="background:#def;" | |1275
|rowspan="3"|1296-1303 | 22 April 1322 | Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg 1315 one child |rowspan="3"|Ruled jointly until 1303, when they divided once more the territory between them. | |||
style="background:#def;" | 80px | 1280 | 1360 | Elisabeth of Pomerania 1316 or 1318 four children | ||
style="background:#def;" | |1281 | 1308 | Margaret of Brandenburg-Salzwedel 1302 two children | |||
style="background:#abc;" | 80px | |1284 | 1298-1356 Dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg | 12 March 1356 | Jutta of Brandenburg 1298 eight children Kunigunde of Poland 28 August 1328 one child Agnes of Lindow-Ruppin 1333 three children | In January 1356 the Golden Bull confirmed Rudolf I as the legitimate Saxon Prince-Elector, thus the rulers of Saxe-Wittenberg are conceived as Electors of Saxony. |
style="background:#dde;" | |1275 | 1303-1315 Duke of Saxe-Mölln | 22 April 1322 | Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg 1315 one child | In 1315 he realigned the territory. | |
style="background:#ffd;" | 80px | 1280 | 1303-1315 Duke of Saxe-Bergedorf | 1360 | Elisabeth of Pomerania 1316 or 1318 four children | In 1315 realigned the territory. |
style="background:#eff;" | |1281 | 1303-1308 Duke of Saxe-Ratzeburg | 1308 | Margaret of Brandenburg-Salzwedel 1302 two children | Left his lands to his widow. | |
style="background:#eff;" | |1270 | 1308-1315 Dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg | 1 May 1315 | Przemysł II, King of Poland 1302 two children Albert III 1302 two children | After her death, her brothers-in-law realigned the territory. | |
style="background:#fff;"
| colspan=7 align="center"| In 1315, after the death of Margaret of Brandenburg, the remaining brothers Eric and John redesigned the political division in Saxe-Lauenburg; Eric retained all of Margaret's part, but had to give part of his original domains to his brother. John ruled in Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln, Eric in Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg. | ||||||
style="background:#dde;" | |1275 | 1315-1322 Duke of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln | 22 April 1322 | Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg 1315 one child | ||
style="background:#ffd;" | 80px | 1280 | 1315-1338 Duke of Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg | 1360 | Elisabeth of Pomerania 1316 or 1318 four children | Abdicated in 1338 in favour of his son, Eric II. |
style="background:#dde;"
|Elizabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg (regent) | 80px | c.1300 | 1322-1330 Duke of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln | before 1340 | John II 1315 one child Eric, Junior King of Denmark 1330 no children | Regent on behalf of her son, Albert. |
style="background:#dde;" | 1315 | 1322-1343 Duke of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln | 1343 | Beata of Schwerin 1334 three child Sophia of Mecklenburg-Werle-Güstrow 1341 no children | ||
style="background:#ffd;" | 1318/20 | 1338-1368 Duke of Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg | 1368 | Agnes of Holstein-Plön between 1342 and 1349 four children | ||
style="background:#dde;" | c.1330 | 1343-1356 | 1356 Duke of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln | Unmarried | Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother, Albert. | |
style="background:#dde;" | c.1330 | 1343-1370 Duke of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln | 1370 | Catherine of Mecklenburg-Werle-Güstrow 25 January 1366 no children | Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother, Eric. | |
style="background:#eee;"
|colspan=7 align="center"|The Golden Bull of 1356 confirmed the right to participate in the election of a Holy Roman Emperor to the Duke of Saxony in the Saxe-Wittenberg line. | ||||||
style="background:#eee;" | 80px | |1284 | 10 January 1356 - 12 March 1356 Elector of Saxe-Wittenberg | 12 March 1356 | Jutta of Brandenburg 1298 eight children Kunigunde of Poland 28 August 1328 one child Agnes of Lindow-Ruppin 1333 three children | In January 1356 was recognized as the First Prince-Elector of Saxony. |
style="background:#eee;" | |1307 | 12 March 1356 - 6 December 1370 Elector of Saxe-Wittenberg | 12 March 1356 | Elisabeth of Hesse Before 8 May 1336 one child | Left no descendants. | |
style="background:#ffd;" | 1354 | 1368-1401 Duke of Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg | 21 June 1411/12 | Sophia of Brunswick-Lüneburg 8 April 1373 ten children | In 1401 he reunited Saxe-Lauenburg. | |
style="background:#eee;" | 80px | 1337 | 6 December 1370 - 15 May 1388 Elector of Saxe-Wittenberg | 15 May 1388 | Cecilia da Carrara 23 January 1376 six children | Brother of his predecessor. |
style="background:#dde;" | 80px | c.1330 | 1370-1401 Duke of Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln | 1401 | Unmarried | Determined to enter the clergy, has to resign to succeed his brothers. He also left no descendants, which allowed the Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg line to reunite Saxe-Lauenburg. |
style="background:#eee;" | 80px | 1378 | 15 May 1388 - 11 June 1419 Elector of Saxe-Wittenberg | 11 June 1419 | Anna of Meissen 1387/89 three children Barbara of Legnica March 1396 two children | Left no male descendants. he was succeeded by his brother, Albert. |
style="background:#fff;"
|colspan=7 align="center"| In 1401 Saxe-Ratzeburg-Lauenburg inherited Saxe-Bergedorf-Mölln from the Ascanian Elder Lauenburg line there extinct upon Eric IV's death. The reunited duchy continued under the old name of Saxe-Lauenburg. | ||||||
style="background:#def;" | 1354 | 1401-1411/12 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 21 June 1411/12 | Sophia of Brunswick-Lüneburg 8 April 1373 ten children | In 1401 reunited Saxe-Lauenburg. | |
style="background:#def;" | after 1373 | 1411/12-1436 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 1436 | Elisabeth of Holstein-Rendsburg 1404 no children Elisabeth of Weinsberg before 1422 one child |rowspan="2"| Ruled jointly. The numberings here lead to some confusion, as not all genealogists of the House of Ascania count John IV in the list of Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg, numbering John V (John IV's nephew) as John IV. | ||
style="background:#def;" | after 1373 | 1411/12-1414 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 1414 | Unmarried | ||
style="background:#eee;" | 80px | 1375/80 | 11 June 1419 - (before 12 November) 1422 Elector of Saxe-Wittenberg | before 12 November 1422 | Euphemia of Oleśnica 14 January 1420 no children | Left no male descendants, which led the Ascanian Saxe-Wittenberg line to extinction. |
style="background:#eee;"
|align="center" colspan=7|The Ascanian Dynasty continued in Saxe-Lauenburg until 1689, but after the Lauenburg line had finally lost the Saxon Electorate to the Wittenberg line in 1356 and failed to obtain the succession in the Electorate after 1422, recognition of the Dukes of Saxe-Lauenburg as Dukes of Saxony waned. To follow the remnant House of Ascania in Saxe-Lauenburg, follow this table. For the following Electors of Saxony, see below the House of Wettin. | ||||||
style="background:#def;" | 1385/93 | 1436-1463 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 16 July 1463 | Adelaide of Pomerania-Stolp 1428 two children | ||
style="background:#def;" | 18 July 1439 | 1463-1507 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 15 August 1507 | Dorothea of Brandenburg 12 February 1464 twelve children | Sometimes numbered John IV. He is somestime confused with his uncle, John IV (Eric V and Bernard IV's brother) and a son of his own (John IV, Bishop of Hildesheim). | |
style="background:#def;" | 80px | 1 January 1470 | 1507-1543 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 1 August 1543 | Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 20 November 1509 Wolfenbüttel six children | |
style="background:#def;" | 1510 | 1543-1571 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 19 March 1581 | Sibylle of Saxony 8 February 1540 Dresden nine children | In 1571, highly indebted, he resigned in favour of his eldest son Magnus II, who had promised to redeem the pawned ducal demesnes with funds he gained as Swedish military commander and by his marriage to a Swedish princess. | |
style="background:#def;" | 1543 | 1571-1573 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 14 March 1603 | Sophia of Sweden 4 July 1568 Stockholm one child | Eldest son of Francis I. He didn't pay the debts he promised to pay, and led to war with his father and brothers. Two years later they deposed Magnus II and Francis I re-ascended. Magnus' violent and judicial attempts to regain the duchy failed. In 1588 he was imprisoned for the remainder of his life. | |
style="background:#def;" | 1510 | 1573-1581 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 19 March 1581 | Sibylle of Saxony 8 February 1540 Dresden nine children | Regained the title in 1573, after pushing back Magnus II. | |
style="background:#def;" | 80px | 10 August 1547 | 1581-1619 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 2 July 1619 | Margaret of Pomerania-Wolgast 26 December 1574 Wolgast four children Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 10 November 1582 Wolfenbüttel fourteen children | Brother of Magnus II. Vice-regent from 1578, administrator from 1581. Joint rule with his brother Maurice between 1581 and 1612. Father of Augustus and Julius Henry. |
style="background:#def;" | 1551 | 1581-1612 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 2 November 1612 | Katharina von Spörck 1581 (annulled 1582) no children | Ruled jointly with his brother Francis II. | |
style="background:#def;" | 17 February 1577 | 1619-1656 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 18 January 1656 | Elisabeth Sofie of Holstein-Gottorp 5 March 1621 Husum six children Catherine of Oldenburg 4 June 1633 no children | Left no male descendants; he was succeeded by his half-brother Julius Henry. | |
style="background:#def;" | 80px | 9 April 1586 | 1656-1665 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 20 November 1665 | Anna of East Frisia 17 March 1617 Grabow no children Elisabeth Sophia of Brandenburg 4 June 1633 Toužim one child Anna Magdalena of Lobkowicz 18 August 1632 Vienna six children | |
style="background:#def;" | 25 February 1629 | 1665-1666 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 30 July 1666 | Sibylle Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg 1654 no children | Left no descendants; He was succeeded by his brother Julius Francis. | |
style="background:#def;" | 80px | 16 September 1641 | 1666-1689 Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg | 30 September 1689 | Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach 9 April 1668 Sulzbach two children |
The male line of Saxe-Lauenburg died out in 1689 with Julius Francis's death. The Welfs of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Celle usurped the territory, preventing the succession of the legitimate heiress, Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg. In fact, George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg was a great-great-grandson of Magnus I through his great-grandmother Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg. In 1814, after being deposed by various occupations in the Napoleonic Wars, Prince Regent George passed Saxe-Lauenburg to his cousin, Frederick VI of Denmark, in a general territorial realignment at the Congress of Vienna. In 1865, after the Second Schleswig War, the Treaty of Vienna handed Saxe-Lauenburg to William I of Prussia, to whom the Estates of Saxe-Lauenburg offered the ducal throne. Both duke and estates decided to merge Saxe-Lauenburg into Prussia, as the district Duchy of Lauenburg, with effect from 1 July 1876.
{{Electors of the Holy Roman Empire after 1356}}
=[[House of Wettin]]=
The Ascanian line of Saxe-Wittenberg became extinct with the death of Elector Albert III in 1422, whereafter Emperor Sigismund bestowed the country and electoral dignity upon Margrave Frederick IV of Meissen, who had been a loyal supporter in the Hussite Wars. Late Albert's Ascanian relative Duke Eric V of Saxe-Lauenburg protested in vain. Frederick, now one of the seven Prince-electors, was a member of the House of Wettin, which since 1089 had ruled over the adjacent Margraviate of Meissen up the Elbe river, established under Emperor Otto I in 965, and since 1242 also over the Landgraviate of Thuringia. Thus, in 1423, Saxe-Wittenberg, the Margraviate of Meissen and Thuringia were united under one ruler, and the unified territory .
gradually received the name of (Upper) Saxony (or simply Saxony).
==Partitions of Saxony under Wettin rule==
style="border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;"
|+ |
colspan=28 style="background: #eee;" |Electorate of Saxony (1422-1464) |
colspan=10 |Albertine territories
| colspan=18 |Ernestine territories |
colspan=10 rowspan=2 style="background: #fff;" |Albertine Duchy of Saxony (1464-1547) | colspan=18 rowspan=1 style="background: #eee;" |Ernestine Electorate of Saxony |
colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="background: #def;" | Duchy of Saxe-Coburg (1542-1552) | colspan=9 rowspan=1 style="background: #eee;" | |
colspan=10 rowspan=10 style="background: #eee;" |Albertine Electorate of Saxony (1547-1806) | colspan=16 rowspan=1 style="background: #fff;" |Ernestine Duchy of Saxony |
colspan=11 style="background: #fff;" | |
colspan=2 style="background: #abc;" |Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1554-1566) | colspan=1 style="background: #cba;" |Saxe-Gotha | colspan=8 style="background: #bca;" |Saxe-Weimar |
colspan=17 style="background: #fff;" |Ernestine Duchy of Saxony (1566-1572) |
colspan=2 rowspan=1 style="background: #abc;" |Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1572-1596) | colspan=9 rowspan=2 style="background: #bca;" |Saxe-Weimar |
colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="background: #def;" |Saxe-Coburg (1596-1633) | colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="background: #fed;" |Saxe-Eisenach |
colspan=6 rowspan=2 style="background: #bca;" |
| colspan=3 rowspan=6 style="background: #ec6;" |Saxe-Altenburg |
colspan=2 style="background: #abc;" |Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach (1633-1638) |
colspan=8 style="background: #bca;" | |
colspan=2 style="background: #fed;" |Saxe-Eisenach (1640-1644) | colspan=2 style="background: #bca;" | ' | colspan=4 rowspan=3 style="background: #cba;" |Saxe-Gotha |
colspan=2 rowspan= 7 style="background: #eee;"|
| colspan=2 rowspan=4 style="background: #dcf;" |Saxe-Zeitz | colspan=3 rowspan=3 style="background: #daf;" |Saxe-Merseburg | colspan=3 rowspan=3 style="background: #cfe;" |Saxe-Weissenfels | colspan=4 style="background: #bca;" | |
colspan=1 style="background: #fed;" |Saxe-Eisenach (1662-1741) | colspan=1 style="background: #ccaa76;" |Saxe-Marksuhl | colspan=1 rowspan=3 style="background: #bca;" | | colspan=1 rowspan=3 style="background: #bac;" |Saxe-Jena |
colspan=2 rowspan=6 style="background: #fed;" |
| colspan=7 style="background: #fae;" |Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg |
colspan=1 style="background: #daa;" |Saxe-Merseburg-Lauchstädt (1684-1690) | colspan=2 style="background: #daf;" | | colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="background: #cfe;" |Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt | colspan=1 rowspan=5 style="background: #cfc;" |Saxe-Weissenfels-Barby | colspan=1 rowspan=8 style="background: #fae;" | | colspan=1 rowspan=3 style="background: #dac;" |Saxe-Hildburghausen | colspan=1 rowspan=3 style="background: #cda;" |Saxe-Eisenberg | colspan=1 rowspan=9 style="background: #aec;" |Saxe-Meiningen | colspan=1 style="background: #bda;" |Saxe-Saalfeld | colspan=1 style="background: #def;" |Saxe-Coburg | colspan=1 rowspan=3 style="background: #cea;" |Saxe-Römhild |
colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="background: #dcf;" |
| colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="background: #dcc;" |Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt | colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="background: #ada;" |Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig | colspan=1 rowspan=2 style="background: #daf;" | | colspan=1 rowspan=4 style="background: #add;" |Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg | colspan=2 rowspan=4 style="background: #bca;" | | colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="background: #ff9;" |Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld |
colspan=1 style="background: #efe;" |Saxe-Weissenfels-Dahme (1711-1715) | colspan=1 style="background: #cfe;" | |
colspan=2 style="background: #dcf;" |
| colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="background: #daf;" | | colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="background: #cfe;" | | colspan=2 rowspan=6 style="background: #dac;" | | colspan=3 rowspan=5 style="background: #ff9;" | |
colspan=4 style="background: #eee;" | |
colspan=7 style="background: #eee;" |
| colspan=3 style="background: #cfe;" |Saxe-Weissenfels | colspan=4 rowspan=2 style="background: #6cf;" |Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |
colspan=10 style="background: #eee;" | |
colspan=10 rowspan=2 style="background: #fff;" |Kingdom of Saxony
| colspan=4 rowspan=2 style="background: #6cf;" |Grand-Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |
colspan=3 style="background: #dac;" |Saxe-Altenburg (1826-1918) | colspan=3 style="background: #ff9;" |Saxe-Coburg-Gotha |
==Table of rulers==
(Note: Here the numbering of the princes is the same for all principalities, as all were titled Dukes of Saxony, despite of the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers. The princes are numbered following Ascanian Saxe-Wittenberg line (their predecessors) and by the year of their succession.)
class="wikitable" | |||||||
bgcolor=#cccccc
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Death!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Notes | |||||||
style="background:#eee;"
|Frederick I the Warlike | 80px | |11 April 1370 | 6 January 1423 - 4 January 1428 | 4 January 1428 | Duchy of Saxony and Electorate of Saxony | Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg 7 February 1402 seven children | After the Wittenberg line of the Ascanians became extinct, the Electorate was given to Frederick, Margrave of Meissen and Landgrave of Thuringia, of the House of Wettin. |
style="background:#eee;"
|Frederick II the Gentle | 80px | 22 April 1412 | 4 January 1428 - 7 September 1464 | 7 September 1464 | Duchy of Saxony and Electorate of Saxony | Margaret of Austria 3 June 1431 Leipzig eight children | Son of Frederick I. Ruled jointly in Saxony with his brothers, but was the sole holder of the Electorate. Father of Ernest and Albert, founders of the Ernestine and Albertine Saxon lines. |
style="background:#eee;"
|Ernest I | 80px | 24 March 1441 | 7 September 1464 - 26 August 1486 | 26 August 1486 | Ernestine Electorate of Saxony | Elisabeth of Bavaria-Munich 25 November 1460 Leipzig seven children | Son of Frederick II. He was the founder and progenitor of the Ernestine line. |
style="background:#fff;" | 80px | 27 January 1443 | 1464–1500 | 12 September 1500 | Albertine Duchy of Saxony | Sidonie of Poděbrady 11 November 1464 Cheb nine children | Son of Frederick II. He was the founder and progenitor of the Albertine line. |
align="center" colspan=9 | In the Treaty of Leipzig (1485) Ernest and Albert divided the Wettine territories among each other. Ernest retained the Electorate and most of Thuringia, while Albert received Meissen and parts in northern Thuringia. |
==Ernestine Dukes/Electors of Saxony==
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Death!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Notes
|- style="background:#eee;"
|Ernest I
(Ernst)||80px||24 March 1441||7 September 1464 - 26 August 1486||26 August 1486|| Ernestine
Electorate of Saxony || Elisabeth of Bavaria-Munich
25 November 1460
Leipzig
seven children|| Son of Frederick II. He was the founder and progenitor of the Ernestine line.
|- style="background:#eee;"
|Frederick III the Wise
(Friedrich der Weise)||80px||17 January 1463||26 August 1486 - 5 May 1525||5 May 1525|| Ernestine
Electorate of Saxony || Unmarried|| Son of Ernest. Protector of Martin Luther. Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brothers.
|- style="background:#eee;"
|John III the Steadfast
(Johann der Beständige)||80px||30 June 1468||5 May 1525 - 16 August 1532||16 August 1532|| Ernestine
Electorate of Saxony ||Sophie of Mecklenburg
1 March 1500
Torgau
one child
Margaret of Anhalt-Köthen
13 November 1513
Torgau
four children|| Co-regent of his brother of Frederick III (26 August 1486 - 5 May 1525), with his own residence at Weimar since 1513. Established Lutheranism in his territories in 1527.
|- style="background:#eee;"
|rowspan="2" | John Frederick I the Magnanimous
(Johann Friedrich I der Großmütige) ||rowspan="2" | 80px||rowspan="2" | 30 June 1503||16 August 1532 - 19 May 1547||rowspan="2" | 3 March 1554||Ernestine
Electorate of Saxony||rowspan="2" | Sibylle of Cleves
9 February 1527
Torgau
four children||rowspan="2" | Lost his Electoral dignity and territory to his cousin Maurice after being defeated the Emperor in the Schmalkaldic War. He was left with some territories as the Duchy of Saxony. After his death the Duchy of Saxony was divided between his three sons.
|- style="background:#fff;"
|| 19 May 1547 - 1554|| Ernestine
Duchy of Saxony
|- style="background:#def;"
|John Ernest I
(Johann Ernst)||80px||10 May 1521||16 August 1532 - 1553||8 February 1553|| Ernestine
Duchy of Saxony
Saxe-Coburg||Catherine of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
12 February 1542
Torgau
no children|| Ruled together with his brother John Frederick until 1542, after that Duke of Saxe-Coburg. After his death, his territory reverted back to his brother.
|-
|colspan=8 align="center"|
===Ernestine Duchies===
Following their displacement by the Albertines, the Ernestine branch of the Wettins continued to rule in southern Thuringia as "Dukes of Saxony", but their lands eventually split up into many different Ernestine duchies.
|- style="background:#abc;"
|John Frederick II||80px||8 January 1529||1554-1565||19 May 1595|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach||Agnes of Hesse
26 May 1555
Weimar
no children
Elisabeth of the Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim
12 June 1558
Weimar
four children|| Received Saxe-Weimar. In 1565 united his domains with those of his younger brother in Gotha.
|- style="background:#bca;"
|John William I||80px||11 March 1530||1554-1566||2 March 1573|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar||Dorothea Susanne of the Palatinate-Simmern
15 June 1560
Heidelberg
five children|| Received Saxe-Weimar. In 1565 united his domains with those of his younger brother in Gotha.
|- style="background:#cba;"
|John Frederick III the Younger||80px||16 January 1538||1554-1565||21 October 1565|| Ernestine
Saxe-Gotha||Unmarried|| Received Saxe-Gotha. However he left its administration to his elder brothers. After his death, his domains were annexed by his elder brother.
|- style="background:#fff;"
|John Frederick II||80px||8 January 1529||1565-1566||19 May 1595|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach and Saxe-Gotha||Agnes of Hesse
26 May 1555
Weimar
no children
Elisabeth of the Palatinate-Simmern-Sponheim
12 June 1558
Weimar
four children|| Reunited his domains with those of his younger brother in Gotha. In 1566 abdicated in favor of his brother John William, who reunited the duchy.
|- style="background:#fff;"
|John William I||80px||11 March 1530||1566-1572||2 March 1573|| Ernestine
Duchy of Saxony||Dorothea Susanne of the Palatinate-Simmern
15 June 1560
Heidelberg
five children|| Reunited Saxony in 1566, after the abdication of his older brother. In 1572, the Division of Erfurt divided Saxony once again, between John William and his nephews, sons of John Frederick II.
|- style="background:#bca;"
|John William I||80px||11 March 1530||1572-1573||2 March 1573||Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar||Dorothea Susanne of the Palatinate-Simmern
15 June 1560
Heidelberg
five children|| Received Saxe-Weimar again.
|- style="background:#abc;"
|John Casimir||80px||12 June 1564
|rowspan="2"|1572-1596||16 July 1633|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach||Anna of Saxony
16 January 1586
Dresden
no children
Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg
16 September 1599
Coburg
no children
|rowspan="2"| Received Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach together. In 1596 divided the land.
|- style="background:#abc;"
|John Ernest II||80px||9 July 1566
||23 October 1638|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach||Elisabeth of Mansfeld-Hinterort
23 November 1591
Wiener Neustadt
one child
Christine of Hesse-Kassel
14 May 1598
Rotenburg an der Fulda
no children
|- style="background:#bca;"
|Augustus I, Elector of Saxony
(regent)||80px||31 July 1526||1573-1586||11 February 1586|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar||Anna of Denmark
7 October 1548
Torgau
fifteen children
Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt
3 January 1586
Dessau
no children|| Named regent for Frederick William.
|- style="background:#bca;"
|Frederick William I||80px||25 April 1562||1586-1602||7 July 1602|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar||Sophie of Württemberg
5 May 1583
Weimar
six children
Anna Maria of the Palatinate-Neuburg
9 September 1591
Neuburg an der Donau
six children||After his death, his brother took the land and in the next year divided it with his nephews (sons of Frederick William).
|- style="background:#def;"
|John Casimir||80px||12 June 1564
||1596-1633||16 July 1633|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg||Anna of Saxony
16 January 1586
Dresden
no children
Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg
16 September 1599
Coburg
no children
|| Received Saxe-Coburg. Died without descendants and his brother reunited the inherited duchy.
|- style="background:#fed;"
|John Ernest II||80px||9 July 1566||1596-1633
||23 October 1638|| Ernestine
Saxe-Eisenach||Elisabeth of Mansfeld-Hinterort
23 November 1591
Wiener Neustadt
one child
Christine of Hesse-Kassel
14 May 1598
Rotenburg an der Fulda
no children
|| Received Saxe-Eisenach. His brother died without descendants and he reunited the inherited duchy.
|- style="background:#bca;"
|John IV||80px||22 May 1570||1602-1605||18 July 1605|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar||Dorothea Maria of Anhalt
7 January 1593
Altenburg
twelve children||Divided Saxe-Weimar with his nephews in 1603, retaining a smaller Saxe-Weimar (sometimes called Saxe-Weimar-Jena).
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|John Philip||80px||25 January 1597||1603-1639|| 1 April 1639|| Ernestine
Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg||Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
25 October 1618
Altenburg
one child
|rowspan="3"|Received and ruled jointly the newly-created Saxe-Altenburg, after the partition of 1603. None of them had male descendants.
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|Frederick IV||80px||12 February 1599||1603-1625||24 October 1625|| Ernestine
Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg||Unmarried
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|John William II||||13 April 1600||1603-1632||2 December 1632|| Ernestine
Saxe(-Weimar)-Altenburg||Unmarried
|- style="background:#bca;"
|John Ernest III||80px||21 February 1594
||1605-1626||6 December 1626|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar||Unmarried
|rowspan="4"|Ruled together the domains of their father. In 1640 divided the land. William kept Saxe-Weimar. In 1644 William reunited his own domains with Albert's.
|- style="background:#bca;"
|William I the Great||80px||11 April 1598||1626-1644||17 May 1662|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar||Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau
23 May 1625
Weimar
nine children
|- style="background:#bca;"
|Albert VI||80px||27 July 1599
|rowspan="2"|1605-1640||20 December 1644|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar||Dorothea of Saxe-Altenburg
24 June 1633
Weimar
no children
|- style="background:#bca;"
|Ernest II the Pious||80px||25 December 1601||26 March 1675|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar||Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg
24 October 1636
Altenburg
eighteen children
|- style="background:#abc;"
|John Ernest II||80px||9 July 1566||1633-1638
||23 October 1638|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach||Elisabeth of Mansfeld-Hinterort
23 November 1591
Wiener Neustadt
one child
Christine of Hesse-Kassel
14 May 1598
Rotenburg an der Fulda
no children|| Reunited Saxe-Eisenach. However died without descendants and his duchy was divided between Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Altenburg.
|- style="background:#abc;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach divided between its neighbours Saxe-Altenburg and Saxe-Weimar
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|Frederick William II||80px||12 February 1602||1639-1669||22 April 1669|| Ernestine
Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg||Sophie Elisabeth of Brandenburg
18 September 1638
Altenburg
no children
Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony
11 October 1652
Dresden
three children|| Brother of John Philip, Frederick and John William. Succeeded his childless brothers. Received part of Saxe-Weimar-Eiesnach in 1638.
|- style="background:#fed;"
|Albert VI||80px||27 July 1599||1640-1644||20 December 1644|| Ernestine
Saxe (-Weimar) -Eisenach||Dorothea of Saxe-Altenburg
24 June 1633
Weimar
no children||Received Saxe-Eisenach from his father. After his death his brother William united Saxe-Eisenach with Saxe-Weimar.
|- style="background:#cba;"
|Ernest II the Pious||80px||25 December 1601||1640-1672||26 March 1675|| Ernestine
Saxe (-Weimar) -Gotha||Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg
24 October 1636
Altenburg
eighteen children||Received Saxe-Gotha from his father.
|- style="background:#fff;"
|William I the Great||80px||11 April 1598||1644-1662||17 May 1662|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach||Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau
23 May 1625
Weimar
nine children||Reunited Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach under his rule. After his death his domains were divided by his four sons.
|- style="background:#bca;"
|John Ernest IV||80px||11 September 1627||1662-1683||15 May 1683|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar||Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
14 August 1656
Weimar
five children||Son of William I. Received the remaining Saxe-Weimar.
|- style="background:#bac;"
|Bernard IV||80px|| 14 October 1638||1662-1678||3 May 1678|| Ernestine
Saxe-Jena||Marie Charlotte de la Trémoille
10 June 1662
Paris
five children||Son of William I. Received Saxe-Jena.
|- style="background:#fed;"
|Adolf William||80px||15 May 1632||1662-1668||21 November 1668|| Ernestine
Saxe-Eisenach||Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
18 January 1663
Wolfenbüttel
five children||Son of William I. Received Saxe-Eisenach.
|- style="background:#ccaa76;"
|John George III||80px||11 April 1598||1662-1671||17 May 1662|| Ernestine
Saxe-Marksuhl||Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein
29 May 1661
Wallau
nine children||Son of William I. Received Saxe-Marksuhl. Inherited Eisenach from his minor nephew in 1671, merging Marksuhl in Eisenach.
|- style="background:#ccaa76;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Marksuhl was annexed by Saxe-Eisenach
|- style="background:#fed;"
|John George III, Duke of Saxe-Marksuhl (regent)||80px||12 July 1634
|rowspan="2"|1668-1671||19 September 1686|| Ernestine
Saxe-Eisenach||Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein
29 May 1661
Wallau
nine children||Regent for his nephew.
|- style="background:#fed;"
|William August||||30 November 1668||23 February 1671||Saxe-Eisenach||Unmarried||Died as a minor. His uncle, as regent, inherited his domain.
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|John George II, Elector of Saxony (regent)|||80px||31 May 1613
|rowspan="2"|1669-1672||22 August 1680|| Ernestine
Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg||Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
13 November 1638
Dresden
three children|| Regent in mae of Frederick William III. The minor duke never reached adulthood.
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|Frederick William III||80px||12 July 1657||14 April 1672|| Ernestine
Saxe (-Weimar) -Altenburg||Unmarried|| Son of Frederick William II. Died as a minor. His lands were divided between Saxe-Gotha and Saxe-Weimar.
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Altenburg merged in Saxe-Gotha to form Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
|- style="background:#fed;"
|John George III||80px||12 July 1634||1671-1686||19 September 1686|| Ernestine
Saxe-Eisenach||Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein
29 May 1661
Wallau
nine children||Inherited Eisenach from his minor nephew in 1671, merging Marksuhl in Eisenach.
|- style="background:#fae;"
|Ernest II the Pious||80px||25 December 1601||1672-1675||26 March 1675|| Ernestine
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg
24 October 1636
Altenburg
eighteen children||Reunited his domains and his wife's (as heiress of Saxe-Altenburg).
|- style="background:#fae;"
|Frederick V||80px||15 July 1646||1675-1691||2 August 1691|| Ernestine
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels
14 November 1669
Halle
eight children
Christine of Baden-Durlach
14 August 1681
Ansbach
no children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.
|- style="background:#def;"
|Albert VII||80px||24 May 1648||1675-1699||6 August 1699|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg||Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
18 July 1676
Gotha
one child
Susanne Elisabeth Kempinsky
24 May 1688
Coburg
morganatic
no children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Coburg. Left no male descendants. His lands were annexed by Saafeld.
|- style="background:#def;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Coburg merged in Saxe-Saalfeld to form Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
|- style="background:#aec;
|Bernard V||80px||10 September 1649||1675-1706||27 April 1706|| Ernestine
Saxe-Meiningen||Marie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt
20 November 1671
Gotha
seven children
Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
25 January 1681
Schöningen
five children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Meiningen.
|- style="background:#cea;"
|Henry V||80px||19 November 1650||1675-1710||13 May 1710|| Ernestine
Saxe-Römhild||Marie Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt
1 March 1676
Darmstadt
no children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Römhild. Left no descendants and his lands were anexed to Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
|- style="background:#cea;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Römhild was annexed by Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
|- style="background:#cda;"
|Christian IV||80px||6 January 1653||1675-1707||28 April 1707|| Ernestine
Saxe-Eisenberg||Christiane of Saxe-Merseburg
13 February 1677
Merseburg
one child
Sophie Marie of Hesse-Darmstadt
9 February 1681
Darmstadt
no children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Eisenberg. Left no male descendants and his lands were anexed to Saxe-Hildburghausen.
|- style="background:#cda;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Eisenberg was annexed by Saxe-Hildburghausen
|- style="background:#dac;"
|Ernest III||80px||12 June 1655||1675-1715||17 October 1715|| Ernestine
Saxe-Hildburghausen||Sophie of Waldeck
30 November 1680
Arolsen
eighteen children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Hildburghausen.
|- style="background:#bda;"
|John Ernest V||80px||22 August 1658||1675-1699||17 February 1729|| Ernestine
Saxe-Saalfeld||Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg
18 February 1680
Merseburg
five children
Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen
2 December 1690
Maastricht
eight children||Son of Ernest II. Received Saxe-Saafeld. In 1699 reunified it with Saxe-Coburg, forming Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
|- style="background:#bac;"
|John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (regent)||80px||11 September 1627||1678-1683||15 May 1683|| Ernestine
Saxe-Jena||Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
14 August 1656
Weimar
five children||Regent for his nephew.
|- style="background:#bac;"
|John George III, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (regent)||80px||12 July 1634||1683-1686||19 September 1686|| Ernestine
Saxe-Jena||Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein
29 May 1661
Wallau
nine children||Regent for his nephew.
|- style="background:#bac;"
|William Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (regent)||80px||19 October 1662||1686-1690||26 August 1728|| Ernestine
Saxe-Jena||Charlotte Marie of Saxe-Jena
2 November 1683
Eisenach
no children|| Regent for his cousin.
|- style="background:#bac;"
|John William III||||28 March 1675||1678-1690||4 November 1690|| Ernestine
Saxe-Jena||Unmarried||Son of Bernard IV. Died as a minor.
|- style="background:#bac;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Coburg-Eisenach divided between its neighbours Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Weimar
|- style="background:#bca;"
|William Ernest I||80px||19 October 1662||1683-1728||26 August 1728|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar||Charlotte Marie of Saxe-Jena
2 November 1683
Eisenach
no children
|rowspan="2"| Ruled jointly. John Ernest was just a nominal ruler; William Ernest had full government.
|- style="background:#bca;"
|John Ernest VI||80px||22 June 1664||1683-1707||10 May 1707|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar||Sophie Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst
11 October 1685
Zerbst
five children
Charlotte of Hesse-Homburg
4 November 1694
Kassel
four children
|- style="background:#fed;"
|John George V||80px||24 July 1665||1686-1698||10 November 1698||Ernestine
Saxe-Eisenach||Sophie Charlotte of Württemberg
20 September 1688
Kirchheim unter Teck
no children||Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
|- style="background:#fae;
|Bernard V, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (regent)||80px||10 September 1649
|rowspan="2"|1691-1693||27 April 1706|| Ernestine
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Marie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt
20 November 1671
Gotha
seven children
Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
25 January 1681
Schöningen
five children
|rowspan="2"|Regents in name of their nephew, Frederick VI.
|- style="background:#fae;"
|Henry V, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (regent)||80px||19 November 1650||13 May 1710|| Ernestine
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Marie Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt
1 March 1676
Darmstadt
no children
|- style="background:#fae;"
|Frederick VI||80px||28 July 1676||1693-1732||23 March 1732|| Ernestine
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst
7 June 1696
Gotha
nineteen children||
|- style="background:#fed;"
|John William IV||80px||17 October 1666||1698-1729||14 January 1729||Ernestine
Saxe-Eisenach||Amalie of Nassau-Dietz
28 November 1690
Oranjewoud
two children
Christine Juliane of Baden-Durlach
27 February 1697
Wolfenbüttel
seven children
Magdalene Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels
28 July 1708
Weissenfels
three children
Marie Christine Felizitas of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim
29 May 1727
Hanau
no children||
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|John Ernest V||80px||22 August 1658||1699-1729||17 February 1729|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld||Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Merseburg
18 February 1680
Merseburg
five children
Charlotte Johanna of Waldeck-Wildungen
2 December 1690
Maastricht
eight children||In 1699 reunified Saxe-Saafeld with Saxe-Coburg, forming Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
|- style="background:#aec;
|Ernest Louis I||80px||7 October 1672||1706-1724||24 November 1724|| Ernestine
Saxe-Meiningen||Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
19 September 1704
Gotha
five children
Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg
3 June 1714
Coburg
no children||
|- style="background:#dac;"
|Ernest Frederick I||80px||21 August 1681||1715-1724||9 March 1724|| Ernestine
Saxe-Hildburghausen||Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach
4 February 1704
Erbach im Odenwald
fourteen children||
|- style="background:#dac;"
|Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach (regent)||80px||30 July 1683||1724-1728||4 September 1742|| Ernestine
Saxe-Hildburghausen||Ernest Frederick I
4 February 1704
Erbach im Odenwald
fourteen children|| Regent on behalf of her son.
|- style="background:#dac;"
|Ernest Frederick II||80px||17 December 1707||1728-1745||13 August 1745|| Ernestine
Saxe-Hildburghausen||Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau
19 June 1726
Fürstenau
four children||
|- style="background:#aec;
|Ernest Louis II||80px||8 August 1709||1724-1729||24 February 1729|| Ernestine
Saxe-Meiningen||Unmarried|| Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
|- style="background:#bca;"
|Ernest Augustus I||80px||19 April 1688||1728-1741||19 January 1748|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar||Eleonore Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Köthen
2 November 1683
Nienburg
eight children
Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
7 April 1734
Bayreuth
four children|| Son of John Ernest VI. Reunited under his rule the duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Eisenach.
|- style="background:#fed;"
|William Henry||80px||10 November 1691||1729-1741||26 July 1741||Ernestine
Saxe-Eisenach||Albertine Juliane of Nassau-Idstein
15 February 1713
Idstein
no children
Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt
3 June 1723
Berlin
no children|| Left no descendants: Saxe-Eisenach merged with Saxe-Weimar.
|- style="background:#fed;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Eisenach merged in Saxe-Weimar to form Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|Christian Ernest||80px||18 August 1683||1729-1745||4 September 1745|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld||Christiane Fredericka of Koss
18 August 1724
Naitschau
(morganatic)
no children||Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
|- style="background:#aec;
|Charles Frederick I||80px||18 July 1712||1729-1743||28 March 1743|| Ernestine
Saxe-Meiningen||Unmarried|| Brother of Ernest Louis II. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his uncle.
|- style="background:#fae;"
|Frederick VIII||80px||14 April 1699||1732-1772||10 March 1772|| Ernestine
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen
17 September 1729
Gotha
eight children||
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|Ernest Augustus I||80px||19 April 1688||1741-1748||19 January 1748|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Eleonore Wilhelmine of Anhalt-Köthen
2 November 1683
Nienburg
eight children
Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
7 April 1734
Bayreuth
four children|| Reunited under his rule the duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Eisenach.
|- style="background:#aec;
|Frederick William IV||80px||16 February 1679||1743-1746||10 March 1746|| Ernestine
Saxe-Meiningen||Unmarried|| Brother of Ernest Louis I. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his half-brother.
|- style="background:#dac;"
|Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau (regent)||80px||29 September 1700||1745-1748||7 May 1758|| Ernestine
Saxe-Hildburghausen||Ernest Frederick II
19 June 1726
Fürstenau
four children|| Regent on behalf of her son.
|- style="background:#dac;"
|Ernest Frederick III||80px||10 June 1727||1748-1780||23 September 1780|| Ernestine
Saxe-Hildburghausen||Louise of Denmark
1 October 1749
Copenhagen
one child
Christiane Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
20 January 1757
Copenhagen
one child
Ernestine of Saxe-Weimar
1 July 1758
Bayreuth
three children||
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|Francis Josias||80px||25 September 1697||1745-1764||16 September 1764|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld||Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
2 January 1723
Rudolstadtbr>eight children||Brother of Christian Ernest.
|- style="background:#aec;
|Anthony Ulrich||80px||22 October 1687||1746-1763||27 January 1763|| Ernestine
Saxe-Meiningen||Philippine Elisabeth Caesar
January 1711
morganatic
ten children
Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal
26 September 1750
Bad Homburg vor der Höhe
eight children||
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (regent)||80px||25 September 1697
|rowspan="2"|1748-1755||16 September 1764|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
2 January 1723
Rudolstadtbr>eight children
|rowspan="2"|Regents in name of Ernest Augstus I's son, Ernest Augustus II.
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|Frederick VIII, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (regent)||80px||14 April 1699||10 March 1772|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen
17 September 1729
Gotha
eight children
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|Ernest Augustus II||80px||2 June 1737||1755-1758||28 May 1758|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
2 November 1683
Brunswick
two children||
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (regent)||80px||24 October 1739||1758-1775||10 April 1807|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Ernest Augustus II
2 November 1683
Brunswick
two children||
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|Charles Augustus||80px||3 September 1757||1775-1828||14 June 1828|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
3 October 1775
Karlsruhe
seven children|| In 1815 his rank of Duke was elevated to Grand Duke; from 1815 Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach becomes a Grand Duchy.
|- style="background:#aec;
|Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal (regent)||80px||11 August 1730||1763-1779||7 September 1801|| Ernestine
Saxe-Meiningen||Anthony Ulrich
26 September 1750
Bad Homburg vor der Höhe
eight children||
|- style="background:#aec;
|Charles William||80px||19 November 1754||1779-1782||21 January 1782|| Ernestine
Saxe-Meiningen||Louise of Stolberg-Gedern
5 June 1780
Gedern
no children|| Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|Ernest Frederick IV||80px||8 March 1724||1764-1800||8 September 1800|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld||Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
23 April 1749
Wolfenbüttelbr>seven children||
|- style="background:#fae;"
|Ernest IV||80px||30 January 1745||1772-1804||20 April 1804|| Ernestine
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen
21 March 1769
Meiningen
four children||
|- style="background:#dac;"
|Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen (regent)||80px||5 October 1702||1780-1787||4 January 1787|| Ernestine
Saxe-Hildburghausen||Maria Anna Victoria of Savoy
17 April 1738
Paris
(annulled 1757)
no children|| Son of Ernest III. Regent on behalf of Frederick VIII.
|- style="background:#dac;"
|Frederick IX||80px||29 April 1763||1787-1826||29 September 1834|| Ernestine
Saxe-Hildburghausen||Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3 September 1785
Hildburghausen
twelve children|| Inherited Altenburg from Frederick X. The duchy changed its name to Saxe-Altenburg.
|- style="background:#aec;
|George II||80px||4 February 1761||1782-1803||24 December 1803|| Ernestine
Saxe-Meiningen||Louise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
27 November 1782
Langenburg
four children||
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|Francis||80px||15 July 1750||1800-1806||9 December 1806|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld||Sophie of Saxe-Hildburghausen
6 March 1776
Hildburghausen
no children
Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf
13 June 1777
Ebersdorf
ten children||
|- style="background:#aec;
|Louise Eleonore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (regent)||80px||11 August 1763||1803-1821||30 April 1837|| Ernestine
Saxe-Meiningen||George I
27 November 1782
Langenburg
four children|| Regent on behalf of her son.
|- style="background:#aec;
|Bernard VI||80px||17 December 1800||1821-1882||3 December 1882|| Ernestine
Saxe-Meiningen||Marie Frederica of Hesse-Kassel
23 March 1825
Kassel
two children||
|- style="background:#fae;"
|Augustus IV||80px||23 November 1772||1804-1822||17 May 1822|| Ernestine
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
21 October 1797
Ludwigslust
one child
Karoline Amalie of Hesse-Kassel
24 April 1802
Kassel
no children||Left no male descendants. The land was inherited by his brother Frederick
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|Ernest V||80px||2 January 1784||1806-1844||29 January 1844|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1800-1826)
Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826-1844)||Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
3 July 1817
Gotha
two children
Marie of Württemberg
23 December 1832
Coburg
no children|| Inherited Gotha from Frederick IX, but had to cede Saafeld to Saxe-Meiningen. The duchy changed its name to Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
|- style="background:#fae;"
|Frederick X||80px||28 November 1774||1822-1825||11 February 1825|| Ernestine
Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg||Unmarried||Brother of Augustus. Left no male descendants. The land was divided between Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Saxe-Hildburghausen.
|- style="background:#fae;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg divided between its neighbours Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and Saxe-Hildburghausen
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|Frederick IX||80px||29 April 1763||1826-1834||29 September 1834|| Ernestine
Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg||Charlotte Georgine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3 September 1785
Hildburghausen
twelve children|| Inherited Altenburg from Frederick X. The duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen changed its name to Saxe-Altenburg.
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|Charles Frederick II||80px||2 February 1783||1828-1853||8 July 1853|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Maria Pavlovna of Russia
3 August 1804
St. Petersburg
four children||
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|Joseph||80px||27 August 1789||1834-1848||25 November 1868|| Ernestine
Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg||Amelia of Württemberg
24 April 1817
Kirchheim unter Teck
six children|| He implemented several buildings in Altenburg, but his government was considered conservative and resistant to reform; for this, he was forced to abdicate during the civil revolution of 1848. Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother George.
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|Ernest VI||80px||21 June 1818||1844-1893||22 August 1893|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha||Alexandrine of Baden
3 May 1842
Karlsruhe
no children|| Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his nephews.
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|George III||80px||24 July 1796||1848-1853||3 August 1853|| Ernestine
Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg||Marie Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
7 October 1825
Ludwigslust
three children|| Brother of Joseph.
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|Charles Alexander||80px||24 June 1818||1853-1901||5 January 1901|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Sophie of the Netherlands
8 October 1842
The Hague
four children||
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|Ernest VII||80px||16 February 1826||1853-1908||7 February 1908|| Ernestine
Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg||Agnes of Anhalt-Dessau
28 April 1853
Ludwigslust
two children|| Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his nephew.
|- style="background:#aec;
|George IV||80px||2 April 1826||1882-1914||25 June 1914|| Ernestine
Saxe-Meiningen||Charlotte of Prussia
18 May 1850
Berlin
four children
Feodora of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
23 October 1858
Langenburg
three children
Ellen Franz
18 March 1873
Liebenstein
(morganatic)
no children||
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|Alfred||80px||6 August 1844||1893-1900||30 July 1900|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha||Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
23 January 1874
St Petersburg
six children|| Son of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Queen Victoria.
|- style="background:#ff9;"
|Charles Edward||80px||19 July 1884||1900-1918||6 March 1954|| Ernestine
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha||Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein
11 October 1905
Schleswig
five children|| Son of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany; Nephew of Alfred. Monarchy abolished in 1918.
|- style="background:#6cf;"
|William Ernest II||80px||10 June 1876||1901-1918||24 April 1923|| Ernestine
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach||Caroline Reuss of Greiz
30 April 1903
Bückeburg
no children
Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen
14 January 1910
Meiningen
four children|| Grandson of Charles Alexander, as son of Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. Monarchy abolished in 1918.
|- style="background:#ec6;"
|Ernest VIII||80px||31 August 1871||1908-1918||22 March 1955|| Ernestine
Saxe (-Hildburghausen)-Altenburg||Adelaide of Schaumburg-Lippe
17 February 1898
Bückeburg
(annulled 1920)
four children
Maria Triebel
15 July 1934
Trockenborn-Wolfersdorf
(morganatic)
no children|| Grandson of George III, as son of Prince Moritz of Saxe-Altenburg. Monarchy abolished in 1918.
|- style="background:#aec;
|Bernard VII||80px||1 April 1851||1914-1918||16 January 1928||Ernestine
Saxe-Meiningen||Charlotte of Prussia
18 February 1878
Berlin
two children|| Monarchy abolished in 1918.
|}
==Albertine Dukes/Electors of Saxony==
(Note: Here the numbering of the princes is the same for all principalities, as all were titled Dukes of Saxony, despite of the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers. The princes are numbered following Ascanian Saxe-Wittenberg line (their predecessors) and by the year of their succession.)
class="wikitable" | |||||||
bgcolor=#cccccc
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Death!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Notes | |||||||
style="background:#fff;" | 80px | 27 January 1443 | 1464–1500 | 12 September 1500 | Albertine Duchy of Saxony | Sidonie of Poděbrady 11 November 1464 Cheb nine children | Son of Frederick II. He was the founder and progenitor of the Albertine line. |
style="background:#fff;" | 80px | 27 August 1471 | 1500-1539 | 17 April 1539 | Albertine Duchy of Saxony | Barbara of Poland 21 November 1496 Dresden ten children | Proponent of Catholic Reform and a staunch opponent of Martin Luther. Left no surviving male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother Henry. |
style="background:#fff;" | 80px | 16 March 1473 | 1539-1541 | 18 August 1541 | Albertine Duchy of Saxony | Catherine of Mecklenburg 69 January 1541 Marburg nine children | Succeeded his brother of George I. He established Lutheranism in Albertine Saxony. |
style="background:#fff;"
|rowspan="2" | Maurice I | rowspan="2" | 80px | rowspan="2" | 21 March 1521 | 1541-1547 | rowspan="2" | 9 July 1553 | Albertine Duchy of Saxony | rowspan="2" | Agnes of Hesse 9 January 1541 Marburg two children | rowspan="2" | Second cousin of John Frederick, grandson of Albert. Though a Lutheran, allied with Emperor Charles V against the Schmalkaldic League. Gained the Electorate for the Albertine line in 1547 after Charles V's victory at the Battle of Mühlberg. Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother Augustus. |
style="background:#eee;" | 4 June 1547 - 9 July 1553 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | |||||
style="background:#eee;"
|Augustus I | 80px | 31 July 1526 | 9 July 1553 - 11 February 1586 | 11 February 1586 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | Anna of Denmark 7 October 1548 Torgau fifteen children Agnes Hedwig of Anhalt 3 January 1586 Dessau no children | Brother of Maurice. Recognized as Elector by the ousted John Frederick I in 1554. |
style="background:#eee;"
|Christian I | 80px | 21 March 1521 | 11 February 1586 - 25 September 1591 | 25 September 1591 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | Sophie of Brandenburg 25 April 1582 Dresden seven children | |
style="background:#eee;"
| Sophie of Brandenburg (regent) | 80px | 6 June 1568 | 25 September 1591 - c.1601 | 7 December 1622 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | Christian I 25 April 1582 Dresden seven children | Regent on behalf of her son Christian II. |
style="background:#eee;"
|Christian II | 80px | 23 September 1583 | c.1601 - 23 June 1611 | 23 June 1611 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | Hedwig of Denmark 12 September 1602 Dresden no children | |
style="background:#eee;"
|John George I | 80px | 5 March 1585 | 23 June 1611 - 8 October 1656 | 8 October 1656 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | Sibylle Elisabeth of Württemberg 16 September 1604 Dresden one child Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia 19 July 1607 Torgau ten children | Brother of Christian II. |
style="background:#eee;"
|John George II | |80px | 31 May 1613 | 8 October 1656 - 22 August 1680 | 22 August 1680 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 13 November 1638 Dresden three children | |
style="background:#cfe;" | 80px | 13 August 1614 | 1656-1680 | 4 June 1680 | Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels | Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 23 November 1647 Schwerin twelve children Johanna Walpurgis of Leiningen-Westerburg 29 January 1672 Halle three children | Son of Elector John George I. Inherited Saxe-Weissenfels. After his death, Weissenfels was divided. |
style="background:#daf;" | 80px | 27 October 1615 | 1656-1691 | 18 October 1691 | Albertine Saxe-Merseburg | Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 19 November 1650 Dresden eleven children | Son of Elector John George I. Inherited Saxe-Merseburg. |
style="background:#dcf;" | 80px | 28 March 1619 | 1662-1681 | 4 December 1681 | Albertine Saxe-Zeitz | Sophie Hedwig of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg 19 November 1650 Dresden two children Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar 3 July 1656 Weimar ten children Sophie Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg 14 June 1676 Wiesenburg no children | Son of Elector John George I. Inherited Saxe-Merseburg. |
style="background:#eee;"
|John George IV | 80px | 20 June 1647 | 22 August 1680 - 12 September 1691 | 12 September 1691 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | Anna Sophie of Denmark 9 October 1666 Copenhagen two children | |
style="background:#cfe;" | 80px | 2 November 1649 | 1680-1697 | 24 May 1697 | Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt | Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg 25 October 1671 Altenburg eleven children Christiane Wilhelmine of Bünau 3 February 1692 Querfurt (morganatic) eleven children | Inherited the remaining Saxe-Weissenfels. |
style="background:#cfc;" | 80px | 29 September 1657 | 1680-1728 | 16 February 1728 | Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Barby | Elisabeth Albertine of Anhalt-Dessau 30 March 1686 Dessau seven children | Inherited Saxe-Weissenfels-Barby. |
style="background:#dcf;" | 80px | 12 March 1664 | 1681-1718 | 15 November 1718 | Albertine Saxe-Zeitz | Marie Amalie of Brandenburg 25 June 1689 Potsdam five children | Left no descendants. After his death Saxe-Zeitz merged in the Electorate. |
style="background:#dcf;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Zeitz merged in the Electorate of Saxony | |||||||
style="background:#daa;" | 80px | 26 October 1657 | 1684-1690 | 1 July 1690 | Albertine Saxe-Merseburg-Lauchstädt | Eleonore Sophie of Saxe-Weimar 9 July 1684 Weimar two children Louise Elisabeth of Württemberg-Oels 17 August 1688 Bernstadt one child | Son of Christian. Received from his father the town of Lauchstädt, and ruled it in his father's lifetime. After his death his land returned to is father. |
style="background:#eee;"
|John George VI | 80px | 18 October 1668 | 12 September 1691 - 27 April 1694 | 27 April 1694 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach 17 April 1692 Leipzig no children | |
style="background:#daf;" | 19 November 1653 | 1691-1694 | 20 October 1694 | Albertine Saxe-Merseburg | Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz 14 October 1679 Moritzburg seven children | ||
style="background:#ada;" | 15 February 1655 | 1691-1715 | 27 March 1715 | Albertine Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig | Hedwig of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 1 December 1686 Güstrow eight children | Son of Christian. Received from his brother the town of Zörbig. Left no male descendants. His lands returned to Saxe-Merseburg. | |
style="background:#ada;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig merged in Saxe-Merseburg | |||||||
style="background:#eee;"
|Frederick Augustus I the Strong | 80px | 12 May 1670 | 27 April 1694 - 1 February 1733 | 1 February 1733 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 20 January 1693 Bayreuth one child | Brother of John George IV. Converted to Catholicism 1697 in order to compete for the crown of Poland. Took the Polish crown 1697, opposed by Stanisław Leszczyński, in 1704, forced to renounce the throne 1706, returned as monarch 1709 until his death. |
style="background:#add;" | 80px | 2 September 1661 | 1694-1731 | 28 July 1738 | Albertine Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg | Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 29 March 1692 Güstrow three children | Son of Christian. Received from his brother the town of Spremberg. In 1731 succeeded in Saxe-Merseburg, reuniting its original lands with those he unexpectedly inherited. |
style="background:#add;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg merged in Saxe-Merseburg | |||||||
style="background:#daf;"
|Frederick Augustus I, Elector of Saxony (regent) | 80px | 12 May 1670
|rowspan="2"|1694-1712 | 1 February 1733 | Albertine Saxe-Merseburg | Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth 20 January 1693 Bayreuth one child |rowspan="2"| Regents on behalf of Christian Maurice, and then of Maurice Wilhelm. | ||
style="background:#daf;" | 80px | 13 November 1661 | 29 April 1720 | Albertine Saxe-Merseburg | Christian II 14 October 1679 Moritzburg seven children | ||
style="background:#daf;" | 7 November 1680 | 1694 | 14 November 1694 | Albertine Saxe-Merseburg | Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz 14 October 1679 Moritzburg seven children | ||
style="background:#daf;" | 80px | 5 February 1688 | 1712-1731 | 21 April 1731 | Albertine Saxe-Merseburg | Henriette Charlotte of Nassau-Idstein 4 November 1711 Istein one child | Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his uncle, Henry. |
style="background:#cfe;" | 80px | 13 July 1677 | 1697-1712 | 16 March 1712 | Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt | Fredericka Elisabeth of Saxe-Eisenach 7 January 1698 Jena seven children | Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother Christian. |
style="background:#dcc;" | 80px | 21 July 1668 | 1699-1713 | 18 December 1713 | Albertine Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt | Sophie Angelika of Württemberg-Oels 23 April 1699 Oleśnica no children Anna Fredericka Philippine of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg 27 February 1702 Moritzburg two children | Son of Maurice. Received from his brother the towns of Pegau and Neustadt. Left no male descendants. His lands returned to Saxe-Zeitz. |
style="background:#dcc;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt merged in Saxe-Zeitz | |||||||
style="background:#efe;" | 80px | 20 November 1673 | 1711-1715 | 16 April 1715 | Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Dahme | Emilie Agnes Reuss of Schleiz 13 February 1711 Dahme no children | Son of Augustus. His brother John Adolph gave him in 1711 Saxe-Weissenfels-Dahme. After his death Dahme was reabsorbed by Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt. |
style="background:#efe;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Weissenfels-Dahme merged in Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt | |||||||
style="background:#cfe;" | 80px | 23 February 1682 | 1712-1736 | 28 June 1736 | Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt | Louise Christine of Stolberg-Stolberg-Ortenberg 12 May 1712 Stolberg no children | Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother John Adolf. |
style="background:#cfc;" | 80px | 19 April 1695 | 1728-1739 | 12 June 1739 | Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Barby | Auguste Louise of Württemberg-Oels 18 February 1721 Forst no children | Left no descendants, and his land merged in Saxe-Weissenfels. |
style="background:#cfc;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Weissenfels-Barby merged in Saxe-Weissenfels | |||||||
style="background:#daf;" | 80px | 2 September 1661 | 1731-1738 | 28 July 1738 | Albertine Saxe-Merseburg | Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Güstrow 29 March 1692 Güstrow three children | In 1731 succeeded in Saxe-Merseburg, reuniting its original lands with those he unexpectedly inherited. Left no descendants and Saxe-Merseburg merged in the Electorate of Saxony. |
style="background:#daf;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Merseburg merged in the Electorate of Saxony | |||||||
style="background:#eee;"
|Frederick Augustus II | 80px | 17 October 1696 | 1 February 1733 - 5 October 1763 | 5 October 1763 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | Maria Josepha of Austria 20 August 1719 Dresden sixteen children | Son of Frederick Augustus I. Converted to Catholicism 1712. King of Poland 1734–1763. |
style="background:#cfe;" | 80px | 4 September 1685 | 1736-1746 | 16 May 1746 | Albertine Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt | Johannette Antoinette Juliane of Saxe-Eisenach 9 May 1721 Eisenach one child Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 27 November 1734 Altenburg five children | Left no male descendants. After his death the Duchy was reannexed by the Electorate of Saxony. |
style="background:#cfe;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt merged in the Electorate of Saxony | |||||||
style="background:#eee;"
|Frederick Christian | 80px | 5 September 1722 | 5 October 1763 - 17 December 1763 | 17 December 1763 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | Maria Antonia of Bavaria 13 June 1747 Munich (by proxy) 20 June 1747 Dresden (in person) nine children | Son of Frederick Augustus II, raised Catholic. |
style="background:#eee;"
|Maria Antonia of Bavaria (regent) | 80px | 18 July 1724 | 17 December 1763 - c.1768 | 23 April 1780 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | Frederick Christian 13 June 1747 Munich (by proxy) 20 June 1747 Dresden (in person) nine children | Regent on behalf of her son and heir, Frederick Augustus. |
style="background:#eee;"
|Frederick Augustus III | 80px | 23 December 1750 | c.1768 - 20 December 1806 | 5 May 1827 | Albertine Electorate of Saxony | Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld 17 January 1769 Mannheim (by proxy) 29 January 1769 Dresden (in person) four children | Son of Frederick Christian. His Electorate ceased with the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and he became King of Saxony. |
style="background:#eee;"
|colspan=8 align="center"|In 1806 The Elector of Saxony became king of an independent Kingdom of Saxony. For the kings that followed the electors, see below the Kingdom of Saxony. For the multiple duchies that were contemporaries of this kingdom, see the later entries under Ernestine duchies. |
Kingdom of Saxony
The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806. The Elector of Saxony, allied to Napoleon I, became King of an independent Saxony. The numbering resets in this point.
class="wikitable" | |||||||
bgcolor=#cccccc
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Death!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Notes | |||||||
style="background:#fff;"
|Frederick Augustus I | 80px | 23 December 1750 | 20 December 1806 - 5 May 1827 | 5 May 1827 | Kingdom of Saxony | Amalie of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld 17 January 1769 Mannheim (by proxy) 29 January 1769 Dresden (in person) four children | In 1806 became King of Saxony. Also Duke of Warsaw 1807–1813. Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother. |
style="background:#fff;"
|Anthony the Kind | 80px | 27 December 1755 | 5 May 1827 - 6 June 1836 | 6 June 1836 | Kingdom of Saxony | Maria Carolina of Savoy 29 September 1781 Stupinigi (by proxy) 24 October 1781 Dresden (in person) four children Maria Theresa of Austria 8 September 1787 Florence (by proxy) 18 October 1787 Dresden (in person) four children | Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his nephew. |
style="background:#fff;"
|Frederick Augustus II | 80px | 18 May 1797 | 6 June 1836 - 9 August 1854 | 9 August 1854 | Kingdom of Saxony | Maria Carolina of Austria 26 September 1819 Vienna (by proxy) 7 October 1819 Dresden (by person) no children Maria Anna of Bavaria 24 April 1833 Dresden no children | Son of Prince Maximilian of Saxony. Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother. |
style="background:#fff;"
|John | 80px | 12 December 1801 | 9 August 1854 - 29 October 1873 | 29 October 1873 | Kingdom of Saxony | Amalie Auguste of Bavaria 10 November 1822 Munich (by proxy) 21 November 1822 Dresden (in person) nine children | Saxony became part of a unified Germany in 1871. |
style="background:#fff;"
|Albert the Good | 80px | 23 April 1828 | 29 October 1873 - 19 June 1902 | 19 June 1902 | Kingdom of Saxony | Carola of Sweden 18 June 1853 Dresden no children | |
style="background:#fff;"
|George | 80px | 8 August 1832 | 19 June 1902 - 15 October 1904 | 15 October 1904 | Kingdom of Saxony | Maria Anna of Portugal 11 May 1859 Lisbon eight children | |
style="background:#fff;"
|Frederick Augustus III | 80px | 25 May 1865 | 15 October 1904 - 13 November 1918 | 18 February 1932 | Kingdom of Saxony | Louise of Austria 21 November 1891 Vienna (annulled by royal decree in 1903, after her escape from court) seven children | The last King of Saxony. Abdicated in the German Revolution.http://www.sachsen.de/en/274.htm |
{{talkref}}
A barnstar for you!
style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;"
|rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | 100px |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | The Copyeditor's Barnstar |
style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | For correcting, improving, and communication with others. Nice work. Kyle(talk) 15:18, 3 October 2018 (UTC) |
"King of Germany" listed at [[Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion|Redirects for discussion]]
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect :King of Germany and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 December 2#King of Germany until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. Srnec (talk) 14:35, 2 December 2022 (UTC)
September 2023
File:Information.svg Hello, I'm Bedivere. Wikipedia is written by people who have a wide diversity of opinions, but we try hard to make sure articles have a neutral point of view. Your recent edit to :2022 proposed Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile seemed less than neutral and has been removed. If you think this was a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on my talk page. Thank you. Bedivere (talk) 22:45, 13 September 2023 (UTC)
Leamington Spa
According to the Ordnance Survey maps the street name is Parade, no definite article. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 20:49, 15 November 2023 (UTC)
:And still, everybody in Leamington calls it "The Parade". Even if the article were not part of the name, in a sentence the article (in this case definitely lower case) has to be included. The article does this in each and every other occurence. Reverting the article back out in this one occurence is obviously wrong. Str1977 (talk) 21:46, 15 November 2023 (UTC)
::And your source for claiming that everybody in Leamington Spa calls it that is? the article should not be part of the link. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 08:25, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
::I've lived there. Which "link" are you talking about? Str1977 (talk) 20:54, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
:::The fact that you lived there is not a reliable source. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 21:57, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
::::Neither is your insistence that in one instance (and only one) the street must be named without the article. Str1977 (talk) 22:50, 16 November 2023 (UTC)
:::::I've supplied a source for that, Ordnance Survey. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 08:10, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
::::::You've supplied no source for your claim that in a sentence the (supposedly official) street name "Parade" should not be prefaced with an article. And since you seem to care nothing for consistency, I cannot take your argument seriously. Str1977 (talk) 15:48, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
:::::::I am not insisting that it should apply in only one instance. That is your interpretation. I am stating the name is Parade without an article, as shown in the street signs and on the relevant Ordnance survey maps. Murgatroyd49 (talk) 15:57, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
:::::::::Have you even read the article on that street and the references given there, including [https://leamingtonsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/UrbanConservationArea_LEAMINGTON.pdf this one]. Str1977 (talk) 17:09, 17 November 2023 (UTC)
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On [[Traditionis custodes]]
On Traditionis custodes: please do not add claims from primary sources as if those were proven. Veverve (talk) 14:13, 14 January 2024 (UTC)
:I did not. You however reinserted the weasel word "claim". Str1977 (talk) 14:24, 14 January 2024 (UTC)
Matthias Erzberger
Sorry for overdoing my revert when it came to the infobox. Your changes to his stint as minister without portfolio did have the correct info (although I had to make a change today to get the chancellors to display). But I am going to insist on President Friedrich Ebert - you're right that he wasn't minister president as the article originally said, but he was elected president by the National Assembly on 11 Feb 1919. Hope we're good now? GHStPaulMN (talk) 11:45, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
:When was Erzberger appointed chairman of the armistice commission? If after 11 Feb, then yes, it was under President Ebert. But it would be simultanously under Minister-President Scheidemann.
:My main point was that Ebert was never minister-president but served as Chancellor from the "abdication" of Wilhelm II until his own election as President. Str1977 (talk) 12:23, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
June 2024
File:Information.svg Welcome to Wikipedia. Editors are expected to treat each other with respect and civility. On this encyclopedia project, editors assume good faith while interacting with other editors. Here is Wikipedia's welcome page, and it is hoped that you will assume the good faith of other editors and continue to help us improve Wikipedia! Thank you very much! Darkwarriorblake (talk) 16:09, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
:I've been on Wikipedia for 19 years so your message here is insulting. Maybe you should heed your own advice.
:You showed no reasoning behind your repeated reverting of my changes - and "unnecessary" is not a legitimate reasoning. Str1977 (talk) 16:12, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
::If you've been here 19 years you would know about: A) WP: BRD, and B) not accusing someone of ownership just because they're undoing your edits. Unnecessary is legitimate, I can write "not an improvement" if you'd prefer but the same message is delivered. We also have a spoken version of the article on top of it being a Featured Article so changes should have a significant reasoning behind them. For example you moved content about casting of minor characters above main characters for no reason. That would not be an improvement. You keep saying that George was not spying on Lorraine despite him being outside her house peeping into a bedroom window and not being quite as pregnant as her mom, and changing the credit for Lorraine Baines McFly to Lorraine Baines/McFly, when noone uses a slash in a double surname, at least not in English. You can feel your edits were warranted and WP: BRD would tell you to take it to the talk page to discuss it and gain support, my opinion is they were negative for the article and so I restored it to it's agreed upon and supported version. That's not a reason to take it personally. EDIT: I can also see you've changed Lorraine's name on the character list to Lorraine Baines/McFly with a note saying she was never Baines McFly, and yet [https://www.backtothefuture.com/cast/lea-thompson the official site says she was]. Darkwarriorblake (talk) 16:23, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
:::"not an improvement" is even worse. It amounts to no reason.
:::If you don't want to be accused of claiming OWNership, don't behave that way.
:::If it is really Lorraine, I am sure you can prove it.
:::The "double surname" doesn't exist. She is first called Baines, then McFly. The "official site" is no reliable source for that. Only the film is. Str1977 (talk) 16:48, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
:::: :/ I thought that would be the end of it but you're still claiming it's ownership to disagree with you and challenging me to prove things in the film. I think our discussion is at an end, use the film's talk page to solicit further input, I have no wish to interact with you further with that attitude. Darkwarriorblake (talk) 17:13, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
:::::It is ownership to blanket revert any changes to an article even though can only claim that they are "unnecessary" or "not an improvement". Str1977 (talk) 17:34, 3 June 2024 (UTC)
de jure
Winkler: "Überdies wurde Deutschland seit dem 3. Oktober 1918 de facto und seit dem 28. Oktober de jure parlamentarisch regiert."
I'll leave it here and let you decide if de jure is an "empty" phrase. (Your last update is grammatically incorrect and needs to be changed anyway.) GHStPaulMN (talk) 11:21, 21 June 2024 (UTC)
[[Sonya Deville]]
If you want to replace "gay" with "lesbian", then cite new sources. The current citations just use gay. There is nothing such as lesbian there.[https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/wwe-superstar-sonya-deville-lesbian-lgbt-interview/][https://www.si.com/wrestling/2019/09/18/wwe-news-sonya-deville-lgbt-adam-cole-nxt]: said Deville—who is Daria Berenato, the first openly gay female wrestler in WWE history... --Mann Mann (talk) 20:08, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
:By definition, a homosexual woman is called lesbian, a homosexual man is called gay. Citations misusing these terms is no reason for WP to follow suite. Also, the consensus on the talk page favours "lesbian". Str1977 (talk) 20:41, 18 July 2024 (UTC)
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Dispute resolution for Science of Identity Foundation?
Hi Str1977. Is there some sort of dispute resolution that you would like to try at this point? --Hipal (talk) 17:45, 14 December 2024 (UTC)
:The main ingredient to dispute resolution I see WP:RS and WP:NPOV, i.e. no more trying to remove sources by using this reasoning or that reasoning. In my latest edit I have worked entirely on sources already present in the discussion before and stuck closely to what they said. Str1977 (talk) 18:36, 14 December 2024 (UTC)
:PS. And no more bullying tactics like [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:RogerYg&diff=prev&oldid=1263095208 this]. Str1977 (talk) 18:37, 14 December 2024 (UTC)
::From my perspective, you appear incapable of behaving in a manner that you are asking of me, and are projecting the problems you are causing on me. If you can change your behavior radically, then we might proceed along these lines, but it doesn't seem likely.
::I'll try to come up with something that might work... --Hipal (talk) 18:32, 15 December 2024 (UTC)
:::Indeed, if you change your behaviour radically, we might proceed. But as it is now, it has been a few years that I have encountered POV pushing that was that blatant. It is up to you to change your behaviour. I am not asking miracles of you. Str1977 (talk) 19:40, 15 December 2024 (UTC)
::::Point out anything at all that is clearly problematic that I've done, and I'll do my best to rectify it. --Hipal (talk) 18:04, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
:::::I already pointed it out - and so did the admin who removed the entire section: including one side of the issue while removing the other is clearly problematic. Str1977 (talk) 20:21, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
:::::PS. You wrote on talk: "Regarding "...has since distanced herself...", we have not been able to find a reliable source for the content, so inclusion would violate BLP and POV."
:::::This is a false claim and your part, as you very well know. It has been sourced to RS. Str1977 (talk) 20:28, 17 December 2024 (UTC)
::::::{{tq|including one side of the issue while removing the other is clearly problematic}} You're misrepresenting the situation. There's an open RfC on those very topics.
::::::{{tq|It has been sourced to RS.}} What source is that? --Hipal (talk) 16:41, 19 December 2024 (UTC)
::::::::I am representing the situation (thus far) correctly. You know perfectly well what the source is. Str1977 (talk) 21:05, 19 December 2024 (UTC)
:::::::::You are referring to the Times of India reference, correct? --Hipal (talk) 19:07, 20 December 2024 (UTC)
December 2024
{{unblock|reason=Your reason here ~~~~}}
. ~ ToBeFree (talk) 00:38, 16 December 2024 (UTC)