Ussuri
{{Short description|River in the Russian Far East and Northeast China}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Ussuri
| name_other = {{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᡠᠰᡠᡵᡳ
ᡠᠯᠠ}}
| image =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 5
| source1 =
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = Amur
| mouth_location =
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|48.2666|134.7204|display=it}}
| progression = {{RAmur}}
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = China, Russia
| length = {{convert|897|km|mi|abbr=on}}{{cite book|url=https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf|title=Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader|isbn=9789881722713}}
| discharge1_location = Khabarovsk, Russia (near mouth)
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|1,620|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}{{cite book|url=https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf|title=Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader|isbn=9789881722713}}
| basin_size = {{convert|193,000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}
| extra =
}}
{{Chinese
| pic = Location Ussuri-River.png
| rus = река Уссури
| rusr = reka Ussuri
| t = 烏蘇里江
| s = 乌苏里江
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|wu|1|.|s|u|1|.|l|i|3|-|j|iang|1}}
| p = Wūsūlǐ Jiāng
| w = {{Tone superscript|Wu1su1li3 Chiang1}}
| gr = Usulii Jiang
| mnc = {{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᡠᠰᡠᡵᡳ
ᡠᠯᠠ}}
| mnc_rom = usuri ula
| lang1 = ja
| lang1_content = ウスリー川
{{lang|ja-latn|Usurī Kawa}}
}}
The Ussuri ({{IPAc-en|uː|ˈ|s|ʊə|i}} {{respell|oo-SOOR-ee}}; {{langx|ru|Уссури}} {{IPA|ru|ʊsˈsurʲɪ|}}) or Wusuli ({{zh|c={{linktext|烏}}{{linktext|蘇}}{{linktext|里}}}} {{IPA|zh|(w)úsúlì|}}) is a river that runs through Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais, Russia and the southeast region of Northeast China. It rises in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, flowing north and forming part of the Sino-Russian border (which is based on the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking of 1860), until it joins the Amur as a tributary to it near Khabarovsk. It is approximately {{convert|897|km|mi|abbr=on}} long. The Ussuri drains the Ussuri basin, which covers {{convert|193,000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article114665.html Уссури], Great Soviet Encyclopedia Its waters come from rain (60%), snow (30–35%), and subterranean springs. The average discharge is {{convert|1,620|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}},{{cite book|url=https://wwfeu.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/ahrbr.pdf|title=Amur-Heilong River Basin Reader|isbn=9789881722713}} and the average elevation is {{convert|1682|m|ft}}.
Names
File:Река Уссури у посёлка Горные Ключи.JPG]]
The Ussuri has been known by many names. In Manchu, it was called the Usuri Ula or Dobi Bira (River of Foxes) and in Mongolian the Üssüri Müren.{{sfn|Narangoa|2014|p=299}} Ussuri is Manchu for soot-black river.{{cite web|author = Shavkunov E.V., Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Head of the Sector of Archeology of Medieval States of the Institute of History of the Far Eastern Military District|url = http://toponimika.ru/index.php?id=120 |title = Книги и статьи по топонимике|lang = ru |website = toponimika.ru |date = |accessdate = 2022-01-20}}
History
- The Ussuri has a reputation for catastrophic floods. It freezes up in November and stays under the ice until April. The river teems with different kinds of fish: grayling, sturgeon, humpback salmon (gorbusha), chum salmon (keta), and others.
- During World War II, the river marked one of the boundaries which Soviet forces crossed into Manchuria in Operation August Storm in 1945.
- The Sino-Soviet border conflict of 1969 took place at the Soviet Damansky Island on the Ussuri River.
Tributaries
Major tributaries of the Ussuri are, from source to mouth:
- Arsenyevka (left)
- Sungacha (left)
- Muling (left)
- Bolshaya Ussurka (right)
- Bikin (right)
- Naoli (left)
- Khor (right)
See also
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
- {{cite book|first=Li|last=Narangoa|title=Historical Atlas of Northeast Asia, 1590-2010: Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Eastern Siberia|year=2014|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|isbn=9780231160704}}
External links
{{Commonscat|Ussuri River}}
{{Wiktionary|Ussuri}}
- [http://www.unep.org/dewa/giwa/areas/reports/r30/regional_definition_giwa_r30.pdf Article containing a detail map][dead link as of 18 March 2017]
- http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/80349e/80349E10.GIF
{{Heilongjiang topics}}
{{China Rivers}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Rivers of Khabarovsk Krai
Category:Rivers of Primorsky Krai