Usta Muhammad
{{Short description|Pakistani city and administrative area}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Usta Muhammad
| other_name =
| native_name = اوستہ محمد
| native_name_lang = ur
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Aerial view of Usta Muhammad
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| pushpin_map = Balochistan Pakistan#Pakistan
| pushpin_label_position = top
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| coordinates = {{Coord|28|10|42|N|68|2|35|E|type:city_region:PK|display=inline,title}}
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Pakistan
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = Balochistan
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Usta Muhammad District
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| unit_pref = Metric
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| area_total_km2 = 978
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| population_as_of = 2023
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| population_total = 64,632
| total_type = City
| population_density_km2 = auto
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| blank_name = Languages Spoken
| blank_info = Balochi, Sindhi, Brahui, Saraiki
}}
Usta Muhammad (Balochi: اوستہ محمد, Sindhi: اوسته محمد) is a city, a sub-division, and the District headquarters of Usta Muhammad District{{Cite web |title=Mindat.org |url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-1162868.html |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=www.mindat.org}} in Balochistan, Pakistan. The city has an area of 978 km2.
Demographics
= Population =
{{Historical populations|1951|2089|1961|3341|1972|6605|1981|12016|1998|38,946|2017|77,097|2023|64,632|align=center|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:{{cite web |title=Population by administrative units 1951-1998 |url=https://repository.lahoreschool.edu.pk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/13673/Administrative%20Units.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1 |publisher = Pakistan Bureau of Statistics}}}}
According to 2023 census, Usta Muhammad had a population of 64,632.{{Cite web |title=URBAN LOCALITIES BY POPULATION SIZE AND THEIR POPULATION BY SEX, ANNUAL GROWTH RATE AND HOUSEHOLD SIZE, CENSUS-2023, BALOCHISTAN |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/table_2_balochistan_districts.pdf}} According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan, the city municipal corporation population was approximately 76,753, while the tehsil population was 186,226.[https://web.archive.org/web/20190804183309/http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/bwpsr/balochistan/JAFFARABAD_BLOCKWISE.pdf Balochistan census]
= Religion =
Relative to their share of the overall Balochistan population (0.4 per cent), the city of Usta Muhammad has a significant Hindu community, forming approximately 4.2 per cent of the population as of the 2017 census.
| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious groups in Usta Muhammad City ! rowspan="2" |Religious ! colspan="2" |1941{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME XIV BALUCHISTAN|access-date=27 January 2023}}{{rp|13–14}} ! colspan="2" |2017{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/final-results-census-2017|title=Final Results (Census-2017)|access-date=27 January 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2017/results/11409.pdf|title=District Wise Results / Tables (Census - 2017) TABLE 9 - POPULATION BY SEX, RELIGION AND RURAL/URBAN|access-date=27 January 2023}} |
| Population
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} !{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} !{{Abbr|%|percentage}} |
|---|
| Islam 15px
| 1,154 | {{Percentage | 1154 | 1925 | 2 }} | 73,103 | {{Percentage | 73103 | 76753 | 2 }} |
| Hinduism 15px
| 688 | {{Percentage | 688 | 1925 | 2 }} | 3,227 | {{Percentage | 3227 | 76753 | 2 }} |
| Sikhism 15px
| 77 | {{Percentage | 77 | 1925 | 2 }} | {{N/a}} | {{N/a}} |
| Christianity 15px
| 6 | {{Percentage | 6 | 1925 | 2 }} | 75 | {{Percentage | 75 | 76753 | 2 }} |
| Others
| 0 | {{Percentage | 0 | 1925 | 2 }} | 348 | {{Percentage | 348 | 76753 | 2 }} |
| Total population
! 1,925 ! {{Percentage | 1925 | 1925 | 2 }} ! 76,753 ! {{Percentage | 76753 | 76753 | 2 }} |
Governance
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
The city has one Municipal Corporation where the Chief Administrator sits, and an Office of the Assistant Commissioner who controls the city's executive works and Price Control.
Unions in the district are Ali-abad, Faiz-abad, Khanpur, Bari Shaakh, Mehrabpur, Piral-abad, Qabula, Samaji, Sobarani, Usta Muhammad I, Usta Muhammad II, and Usta Muhammad III.
Geography
Usta Mohammad is in the Kachhi plain basin, with an average altitude of about 55 meters. Annual rainfall is about 90mm, of which 60mm falls in winter (November–May).[http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y3690E/y3690e09.htm WATER MANAGEMENT IN BALUCHISTAN] Winters are cold, and summers are dry and hot.
Economy
As of 2020;
People in the city area of Usta Muhammad are much more noble and have businesses in commercial places. Mostly wealthy people here own rice mills, and some have Estate Agency businesses. People in the city who are poor are mostly labourers.
In remote areas, some people are landlords while others have small businesses.
The people of the district are predominantly poor, with inadequate access to medical supplies and facilities.[http://www.msf.org.hk/public/contents/news?ha=&wc=0&hb=&hc=&revision_id=35623&item_id=35622 Medecins Sans Frontieres: "There are new doctors in the hospital" – setting up a programme in Pakistan 18 September 2008]
Crops include rice, wheat, and sorghum. A 2002 survey determined that the incidence of Sporisorium sorghi, the causal organism of sorghum grain smut, reached 7% in Usta Mohammad.Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Status of grain smut, Sphacelotheca sorghi, and long smut, Tolyposporium ehrenbergii, of sorghum in Sindh and Balochistan, Pakistan. A survey of rice farmers found that 33% were illiterate, 55% farmed from 12 to 40 acres of land, and 58.3% were tenant farmers.[http://www.fao.org/agris/search/display.do?f=./2008/PK/PK0805.xml;PK2008000418 DSINARC/PK (Pakistan) Information sources and adoption of selected recommended technologies for rice crop in USTA Mohammed tehsil of district Jaffarabad, Balochistan] Some farms raise cattle, sheep, and goats.[http://www.balochistan.gov.pk/new%20folder/LiveStock/Livestock.pdf Livestock & Dairy Development Department Balochistan.]
Usta Mohammad has Railwaystation railways boundary connected Usta to Larkana (sindh) Usta Mohammad is 2nd biggest Business city of Balochistan. Usta is 2nd most populated city in Balochistan province.
Education
The city has an Agri-Development Institute[http://www.paksearch.com/br2000/Apr/9/JAPANTOA.htm 2000 04 09 Japan to assist agri sector in Sindh, B'stan] and a Government Degree College. Every student went to the other cities for their studies because there were nothing any Study system like ( library,Hostels and many other facilities.
Transport
Since 1946, Usta Muhammad boasted an operational railway station connecting it to Garhi Khairo, Shahdadkot, Larkana. However, the railway station ceased functioning in 2008. Presently, Usta Muhammad is accessible by road, linking it to Garhi Khairo, Dera Allah Yar, and Jhal Magsi. Notably, the town is not directly connected to any highway or motorway. The nearest Motorway, M-8, is situated in Shahdadkot, approximately 52 kilometers away, while N-65 Highway is located near Dera Allah Yar, approximately 40 kilometers away. Direct bus routes are available to Karachi Hyderabad Larkana and Quetta, while mini-vans ply routes to Jacobabad, Quetta, Sukkur, Dera Murad Jamali, and Shahdadkot.