Uzbek Mosque
{{Short description|Old Iraqi mosque built in the Ottoman Empire in 1682}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Uzbek Mosque
| native_name = {{langx|ar|جامع الأزبك}}
| religious_affiliation = Islam
| image = File:جامع الأزبك.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
| status = Mosque
| functional_status = Active
| general_contractor = Abd al-Aziz Khan
| dome_quantity = 1
| minaret_quantity = 1
}}
The Uzbek Mosque ({{Langx|ar|جامع الأزبك}}) is a historic mosque located in the al-Rusufa district of Baghdad, Iraq. It is distinguished by its architecture and history that dates back to the 17th century. The mosque is also unique due to its association with the Uzbek people (whom the mosque gets its name from) who immigrated to and lived in Baghdad.{{Cite web |date=2019-04-05 |title=جامع ألأزبك في بغداد بناه أمير أوزبكستان وجدده الوالي داود باشا وكان ملجاً لعبد الكريم قاسم |url=http://www.alghadeer.tv/notes/864/ |access-date=2023-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405144321/http://www.alghadeer.tv/notes/864/ |archive-date=2019-04-05 }}[https://ketabpedia.com/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7/ History of Baghdad Mosques and their Antiquities] - Authored by Mahmoud Shukri Al-Alusi Sheikh Jalal al-Hanafi was its imam and preacher in the late 1930s.
Historical background
= Irrigation, shrine and significance =
The mosque's construction dates back to 1682 when the Emir of the Khanate of Bukhara, Abd al-Aziz Khan, built it at the tomb of his uncle, Quli Khan, who passed away in Baghdad on a trip to Hajj in 1650.
Two years after his brother, Subhan Quli Khan, took the throne of the Khanate in 1680, Abd al-Aziz settled in the mosque to be with his uncle. During the rule of the Ottoman Sultan, Murad IV, many Uzbeks started to immigrate and settle in Baghdad and the mosque became known for being the center of gatherings of the Uzbek people living in the city at the time who were known to practice the profession of sharpening knives. The mosque saw a downfall during the reign of the Mamluk ruler Dawud Pasha in 1818 who renovated the mosque and gave it a small minaret which the mosque also became notable for. The mosque also has a madrasa for jurisdiction that was also established by Dawud Pasha.{{Cite web |title=الگاردينيا - مجلة ثقافية عامة - بغداد الرشيد مدينة الجوامع والمساجد / الحلقة الأولى |url=https://www.algardenia.com/2014-04-04-19-52-20/menouats/35233-2018-04-30-20-42-42.html |access-date=2023-06-23 |website=www.algardenia.com}}
= Later years and reconstruction =
In 1917, the mosque was subjected to change when British soldiers removed the hospice when they entered Baghdad. The mosque would later be demolished at the time of leader Abd al-Karim Qasim in 1961 during expansion works of the old Ministry of Defense, and it was rebuilt in its current form. Shortly before it was demolished, teaching in the madrasa was abolished with the last teacher being Sheikh Salem bin Mustafa. The mosque later became a refuge for the leader. During the Ramadan Revolution in 1963 which overthrew Qasim's government, Qasim spent a night at the mosque before he was arrested and then executed. Currently, the mosque is looked after by the Sunni Endowment Office and is located in al-Maidan square near al-Ahmadiya Mosque.{{Cite web |date=2020-09-28 |title=ضمن حملته لإعادة إعمار بيوت الله وتأهيلها.. الدكتور سعد كمبش يتفقد عددا من المساجد في منطقة الميدان ببغداد |url=http://sunniaffairs.gov.iq/ar/%d8%b6%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%87-%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%87-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%87%d9%8a |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=ديوان الوقف السني |language=ar}}
Among the notables of the Uzbek Mosque were Sheikh Jalal al-Hanafi who was its imam and preacher in the late 1930s and the Islamic jurist and scholar Abdul Karim Zaidan who used to give public lectures in this mosque.{{Cite web |title=عبد الكريم زيدان |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2014/9/24/%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%86 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=www.aljazeera.net |language=ar}}
Description
The current mosque looks different from before its rebuilding and no longer contains a small minaret.{{Cite book |last=الرواس |first=بهاء الدين محمد مهدي الخزامي/الصيادي |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mT8DwAAQBAJ |title=واردات الغيب |date=2020-01-01 |publisher=Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah دار الكتب العلمية |isbn=978-2-7451-9601-9 |language=ar}} The mosque has two minarets, the old one which only the base remains and was notable for being the smallest minaret in Baghdad, and the new one which is a thin minaret on the roof of the mosque.[https://www.noor-book.com/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9-pdf History of modern Baghdad Mosques] by Yunis al-Samarrai Next to the minaret is a lofty dome.[https://www.noor-book.com/book/review/361890 The history of the Baghdad hospice and the Sufi sheikhdom in the Ottoman era, 2014]
{{Gallery|width=210|height=170|align=center
|File:Uzbek mosque in Baghdad 1.jpg
|The sign of the Mosque.
|File:Uzbek mosque in Baghdad.jpg
|The Uzbek Mosque.
|title=General pictures of the Uzbek Mosque}}
See also
{{stack|{{portal|Iraq|Islam}}}}
References
= Citations =
{{reflist}}
= Bibliography =
- [https://www.noor-book.com/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A9-pdf History of modern Baghdad Mosques] (2023) by Yunis al-Samarrai
{{Mosques in Iraq}}
{{coord missing|Iraq}}
Category:Mosques completed in the 1680s
Category:Mosque buildings with domes in Iraq
Category:Buildings and structures in Baghdad
Category:Ottoman mosques in Iraq
Category:Sunni mosques in Iraq
Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in Iraq
Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1682