Vakulabharanam
{{Short description|Fourteenth raga in the Melakarta}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name = Vakulabharanam
| synonym =
| image_name =
| image_alt =
| mela =
| chakra =
| type =
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|R1|G3|M1|P|D1|N2|S'}}
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N2|D1|P|M1|G3|R1|S}}
| jeeva =
| chhaya =
| nyasa =
| vishesha =
| equivalent = Phrygian dominant scale
| similar =
}}
{{Carnatic}}
Vakulabharanam (pronounced {{IAST|vakuḷābharaṇam}}) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 14th melakarta rāgam in the 72 melakarta rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called DhātivasantabhairaviRagas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH PublicationsRaganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras or VātivasantabhairaviSri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal by Vidwan A. Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai, India in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.
Hindustani equivalent of this ragam is raga basant mukhari
Structure and Lakshana
Image:Vakulabharanam scale.svg
It is the 2nd rāgam in the 3rd chakra Agni. The mnemonic name is Agni-Sri. The mnemonic phrase is sa ri ga ma pa dha ni. Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):
- Arohana: {{svaraC|S|R1|G3|M1|P|D1|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
- Avarohana: {{svaraC|S'|N2|D1|P|M1|G3|R1|S|foot=yes}}
Shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham and kaisiki nishadham are the swaras used in this scale. As this scale is a melakarta rāgam, by definition it is a sampoorna rāgam (has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale). It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Namanarayani, which is the 50th melakarta scale.{{cite web |last1=S |first1=Aravind |title=Vakulabharanam, Pathos bounding at just 14 |url=https://melakartamelodies.blogspot.com/2021/03/vakulabharanam-pathos-bounding-at-just.html |website=Melakartha Melodies |ref=4}}
Asampurna Melakarta
Vātivasantabhairavi is the 14th Melakarta in the original list compiled by Venkatamakhin. The notes used in the scale are the same, but the descending scale has notes used in zig-zag manner (vakra prayoga).Shree Muthuswami Dikshitar Keerthanaigal, by A Sundaram Iyer, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai
''Janya'' rāgams
Vakulabharanam has a few minor janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Vasantabhairavi is heard occasionally in concerts. See List of janya rāgams for full list of rāgams associated with Vakulabharanam.
Compositions
Here are a few common compositions sung in concerts, set to Vakulabharanam.
- Gowrinatham by Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi
- Ye ramuni nammitino by Thyagaraja
- Nambinen ayya by Koteeswara Iyer
- Rama namamai by Mysore Vasudevachar
- KumĀruni valenu kĀvavĒ by Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna
- Saadhu tada, a composition by Maharaja Swati Tirunal of Travancore, tuned by Prince Rama Varma.
- Paripaahimaam siddhivinayaka by Mysuru Maharaja Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar
Film songs
= Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] =
| class="wikitable"
!Song !Movie !Composer !Singer |
| Ninaithen Vanthai
| rowspan="5" |M. S. Viswanathan |
| Pattathu Rani |
| Thuluvadho Ilamai
| rowspan="2" |T. M. Soundararajan, L. R. Eswari |
| Naam Oruvarai Oruvar |
| Sambo Sivasambo |
| Paruvam Enathu Paadal |
| Kinnaththil Then
|rowspan="13"|Ilaiyaraaja |
| Aarum Athu Aalam Illa |
| Aasai Nooruvagai
|rowspan=2|Malaysia Vasudevan |
| Oru Thendral |
| Pachondiyyeh Kelada |
| Thai Pongalum Vandhadhu
|rowspan="2"|K.S. Chitra |
| Pangunikkappuram Sithiraiye |
| Unakkum Enakkum |
| Jigan Jinakku |
| Pitchai Paathiram |
| Maraththa Vechchavan |
| Unn Kanakku Thaan
|Mano |
| Nethurathiri Yemma
|rowspan="2"|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki |
| Chekka Chekka Sevantha
|Deva |
| Ada Moondrezhuthu
|rowspan=6|A. R. Rahman |
| Andha Arabic Kadaloram |
| Enuyire |
| Oh Nanba |
| Mayya Mayya
|Guru |
| Thanga Thamarai
| S. P. Balasubrahmanyam (won National award) |
| Naan Aalana Thamarai |
| En Kannai
|Bala |rowspan="5"|Yuvan Shankar Raja |
| Thottu Thottu |
| Shaheeba Shaheeba
|Daas |
| Vilaiyaadu Mankatha
|Ranjith, Yuvan Shankar Raja,Anitha Karthikeyan, Premgi Amaren, Rita |
| Vathikuchi Pathikadhuda
|rowspan=2|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |
| Enga Poi Solluven |
| Dilruba Dilruba
|rowspan=3|Vidyasagar |Gopal Rao, Anuradha Sriram |
| Aai Shabba |
| Yelai Imayamalai |
| Ava Kannapaatha |
| Megam Mazhai Thooral Poduthu
|En Mamanukku Nalla Manasu |
| Megangal Ennai Thottu |
= Language:[[Hindi language|Hindi]] =
| class="wikitable"
!Song !Movie !Composer !Singer |
| Gulaabi Aankhein |
Janya:Surya/Srothoswini Ragam
Ascending: S G3 M1 D1 N2 S
Descending:S N2 D1 M1 G3 S
=Film Songs:[[Tamil language|Tamil]]=
| class="wikitable"
!Song !Movie !Composer !Singer |
| Gnaan Gnaan Paadanu
|rowspan=7|Ilaiyaraaja |
| Isai Arasi Ennalum |
| Sindhiya Venmani |
| Oh Vasantha Raaja |
| Poojaiketha Poovidhu
|Neethana Andha Kuyil |
| Jai Chiranjeeva Thisai |
| Kanava Nijama |
| Raa Raa Sarasukku
(2nd charanam in Sudhadhanyasi) |rowspan=2|Vidyasagar |Binny Krishnakumar, Tippu |
| Medhuva Medhuva |
Related rāgams
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.
Vakulabharanam's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 2 major melakarta rāgams, namely Keeravani and Hemavati along with 1 minor melakarta rāgam Kosalam. For further details and an illustration refer Graha bhedam on Keeravani.
Vakulabharanam corresponds to Phrygian dominant scale in Western music.
Notes
{{notelist|30em}}