Vaygach Island
{{Short description|Island in the Arctic Sea}}
{{Redirect|Vaygach}}
{{Infobox islands
| name = Vaygach
| image_name = Vaygach island sentinel-2.jpg
| image_caption = A satellite image of the island
| image_size =
| map = Russia Nenets Autonomous Okrug
| map_caption = Vaygach Island, Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russia)
| pushpin_relief = 1
| native_name = Вайга́ч
| native_name_link = Russian language
| nickname =
| location = Arctic Sea
| coordinates = {{Coord|69|59|49|N|59|34|44|E|scale:2500000|display=title,inline}}
| archipelago =
| total_islands =
| major_islands =
| area_km2 = 3383
| length_km = 100
| width_km = 45
| highest_mount = Gora Bolvanskaya
| elevation_m = 170
| country = Russia
| country_admin_divisions_title = Oblast
| country_admin_divisions = Arkhangelsk Oblast
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = Okrug
| country_admin_divisions_1 = Nenets Autonomous Okrug
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 =
| country_admin_divisions_2 =
| country_largest_city =
| country_largest_city_population =
| population = 106
| population_as_of = 2012
| density_km2 = 0,03
| ethnic_groups = Nenets, Russians
| additional_info =
}}
Vaygach Island ({{langx|ru|Вайга́ч|Vajgač}}) is an island in the Arctic Sea between the Pechora Sea and the Kara Sea.
Geography
Vaygach Island is separated from the Yugorsky Peninsula in the mainland by the Yugorsky Strait and from Novaya Zemlya by the Kara Strait. The island is a part of Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.
- Area: {{convert|3383|km2}}
- Length: ~ {{convert|100|km}}
- Width: up to {{convert|45|km}}
- Average temperatures: {{convert|-20|C}} (February), {{convert|5|C}} (June)
- Highest point: {{convert|170|m|ft}}
Vaygach Island is mainly formed of argillaceous slates, sandstone, and limestone. There are many rivers about {{convert|20|-|40|km}} in length, swamps, and small lakes on the island. For the most part it consists of tundra. Slight rocky ridges run generally along its length, and the coast has low cliffs in places. The island consists mostly of limestone, and its elevation above the sea is geologically recent. Raised beaches are frequent. The rocks are heavily scored by ice, but this was probably marine ice, not that of glaciers.{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Vaygach|volume=27|page=962}} The only settlement on the island is Varnek.{{cite web|url=http://www.russia-open.com/regions/district/neneckao/priroda/2017/08/03/Ostrov-Vajgach.phtml|title=Остров Вайгач|publisher=National Tourist Platform|language=ru|access-date=15 March 2018}}
Environment
=Flora and fauna=
Grasses, mosses and Arctic flowering plants are abundant, but there are no trees excepting occasional dwarf willows.
Foxes and lemmings are spotted occasionally, and at least five polar bears are known to inhabit the island. While there are few land animals, birds are numerous; a variety of waterbirds and waders frequent the marshes and lakes. The island regularly supports significant populations of bean, barnacle and greater white-fronted geese, tundra swans, long-tailed ducks, goosanders, snowy owls and peregrine falcons. It has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International.{{cite web |url= https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/1510 |title=Vaygach Island|author= |date=2024|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 2024-08-23}}
=Nature reserve=
In July 2007, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the Russian government approved a nature reserve on Vaygach island.{{cite news
| title = New Nature Reserve For The Russian Arctic
| work = ScienceDaily
| publisher = World Wildlife Fund
| date = 2007-07-06
| url = https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/07/070705094418.htm
| access-date = 2008-04-29}} The island's surrounding seas are home to many marine mammals such as walruses, seals and endangered whales.
Ethnography
The name of the island translates from the Nenets as "alluvial shore", or by another account Vaygach means ‘terrible death’ or ‘territory of death’ in the local language."Scary Arctic Idols Around Vaygach Island, The ‘Territory Of Death’". 2018. Siberiantimes.Com. Accessed November 27 2018. [https://siberiantimes.com/other/others/features/scary-arctic-idols-around-vaygach-island-the-territory-of-death/]
Until the 19th century, the island was an important shrine of the Nenets people. On the island of Vaygach since ancient times, two idols were worshiped. One, named Vesako, on the south end of the island. The other on the north is Hadako.ibid.
There were also polycephalic wooden idols painted with blood of holy animals, primarily reindeer.{{Citation needed|date=June 2018}} Some of their sacrificial piles, consisting of drift-wood, deer's horns and the skulls of bears and deer, have been observed by travellers. In spite of their conversion to Christianity, the Nenets still regard these piles with superstition.
See also
Notes
{{more footnotes|date=February 2014}}
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- F. G. Jackson. Great Frozen Land. London, 1895. Jackson made a circuit of the island by foot in 1893.
- H. J. Pearson. Beyond Petsora Eastward. London, 1899.
- [http://www.northpolevoyages.com/mystery.htm Vaigach - The "Easter Island of the Arctic"]
{{commons category|Vaygach}}
{{Barents Sea Islands}}
{{Kara Sea Islands}}
{{Authority Control}}
Category:Islands of the Barents Sea
Category:Islands of Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Category:Islands of the Kara Sea
Category:Populated places of Arctic Russia