Vespula

• While most species of this genus inhabit North America, four Vespula species inhabit Europe, namely V. austriaca, V. germanica, V. rufa, and V. vulgaris.
• Two common European species, the German wasp (V. germanica) and the common wasp (V. vulgaris), have established in other countries; both species are now found in New Zealand, Australia, and South America, while the former has also been introduced in South America, and the latter in Southern Africa.
• The eastern yellowjacket (V. maculifrons) and western yellowjacket (V. pensylvanica) are native to North America.

File:Wasp morphology.png

{{Div col}}

• Vespula acadica (Sladen, 1918) – forest yellowjacket[http://bugguide.net/node/view/554/tree Vespula], BugGuide
• Vespula akrei Landolt, 2010{{Cite journal |last1=Landolt |first1=Peter J. |last2=Sierra |first2=José Monzón |last3=Unruh |first3=Thomas R. |last4=Zack |first4=Richard S. |date=2010-09-29 |title=A new species of Vespula, and first record of Vespa crabro L. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from Guatemala, Central America |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2629.1.4 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=2629 |issue=1 |pages=61 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.2629.1.4 |issn=1175-5334|doi-access=free }}
• Vespula alascensis Packard, 1870 – common yellowjacket
• Vespula arisana (Sonan, 1929) – Taiwan yellowjacket
• Vespula atropilosa (Sladen, 1918) – prairie yellowjacket
• Vespula austriaca (Panzer, 1799) – red cuckoo wasp
• Vespula consobrina (Saussure, 1854) – blackjacket
• Vespula flaviceps (Smith, 1870)
• Vespula flavopilosa Jacobson, 1978 – downy yellowjacket{{Cite journal|last1=Jacobson|first1=R. S.|last2=Matthews|first2=R. W.|last3=Macdonald|first3=J. F.|date=1978-05-15|title=A Systematic Study of the Vespula vulgaris Group with a Description of a New Yellowjacket Species in Eastern North America (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)1|journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America|language=en|volume=71|issue=3|pages=299–312|doi=10.1093/aesa/71.3.299|issn=0013-8746}}
• Vespula germanica (Fabricius, 1793) – German wasp, German yellowjacket
• Vespula inexspectata Eck, 1991 – volcano yellowjacket
• Vespula infernalis (Saussure, 1854) – cuckoo yellowjacket
• Vespula ingrica Birula, 1931
• Vespula intermedia (Buysson, 1904–05) – northern red-banded yellowjacket
• Vespula kingdonwardi Archer, 1981{{cite journal |last1=Archer |first1=Michael |title=The Euro-Asian Species of the Vespula rufa group (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), with Despcriptions of Two New Species and One New Subspecies |journal=Kontyû |date=25 March 1981 |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=54–64 |url=https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/bee_lab_an/34}}
• Vespula koreensis (Rad., 1887)
• Vespula maculifrons (Buysson, 1905) – eastern yellowjacket
• Vespula nursei Archer, 1981
• Vespula orbata (Buysson 1902)
• Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure, 1857) – western yellowjacket
• Vespula rufa (Linnaeus, 1758) – red wasp
• Vespula shidai Ish., Yam., Wagn., 1980{{cite journal |last1=Yamane |first1=Seiki |last2=Wagner |first2=Robert E. |last3=Yamane |first3=Soichi |title=A tentative revision of the subgenus Paravespula of eastern Asia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) |journal=Insecta Matsumurana |series=New series |date=March 1980 |volume=19 |pages=44–46 |hdl=2115/9800 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2115/9800 |issn=0020-1804}}
• Vespula squamosa (Drury, 1770) – southern yellowjacket
• Vespula structor (Smith, 1870)
• Vespula sulphurea (Saussure, 1854) – California yellowjacket
• Vespula vidua (Saussure, 1854) – long yellowjacket or widow yellowjacket
• Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) – common wasp

{{Div col end}}

See also:

• Paravespula, a subgenus of Vespula

The venom of Vespula is mostly composed of antigen 5, hyaluronidase, and phospholipase.{{wbr}}

A high degree of similarity occurs between immunogenic fractions of different Vespula species.{{wbr}}{{wbr}} Rabbit serum antibodies are unable to distinguish between them.{{wbr}}{{wbr}}

{{Wikispecies|Vespula}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite journal | last1=King | first1=T.P. | last2=Alagon | first2=A.C. | last3=Kuan | first3=J. | last4=Sobotka | first4=A.K. | last5=Lichtenstein | first5=L.M. | title=Immunochemical studies of yellowjacket venom proteins | journal=Molecular Immunology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=20 | issue=3 | year=1983 | issn=0161-5890 | doi=10.1016/0161-5890(83)90069-x | pages=297–308| pmid=6865952 }}

{{Reflist|group="King et al 1983"|refs=

p.{{spaces}}304, "Identical concentrations of phospholipase-specific antibodies were obtained with immunosorbents containing phospholipase from any of the three species of yellowjackets. This was also the case for antigen 5-specific antibodies. ... The above results indicate that antigen 5s as well as phospholipases from these three species of yellowjackets are antigenically indistinguishable. The findings were confirmed by immunodiffusion. Lines of identity were observed when antigen 5s, or phospholipases, from the three species of yellowjackets were tested with rabbit anti-serum specific for V. maculifrons venom (results not shown)."

p.{{spaces}}306, "Yellowjacket venom consists mainly of three proteins: antigen 5, hyaluronidase, and phospholipase."

p.{{spaces}}307, "The venom phospholipases isolated from the three species of yellowjackets in this report were found to be immunochemically indistinguishable from each other using sera from rabbits immunized with venom from a single species of yellowjacket. Similar findings were obtained with antigen 5."

}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1065202}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Vespidae

Category:Taxa named by Carl Gustaf Thomson

Category: Hymenoptera genera

{{Vespidae-stub}}

pl:Osa