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Vice-voivode of Transylvania

The vice-voivode of Transylvania ({{langx|hu|erdélyi alvajda}}; {{langx|la|vicevoyvada}}) was the deputy of the voivode of Transylvania in the Kingdom of Hungary. The office first appeared in contemporary sources in 1221. From the early 15th century, the voivodes rarely visited Transylvania, permanently leaving the administration of the counties to the vice-voivodes, who often belonged to their voivodes' allegiance. They held some judicial powers{{Cite book |last=Sălăgean |first=Tudor |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004311343/B9789004311343_008.xml |title=6 Ladislas Kán (1294–1315): The Transylvanian Nobles and the Congregational Regime |date=2016-01-01 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-31134-3 |language=en}}

History

{{Expand section|date=June 2017}}

List of vice-voivodes

class="wikitable" style="width: 70%"
scope="col" width="11%" | Term

! scope="col" width="17%" | Incumbent

! scope="col" width="18%" | Voivode

! scope="col" width="33%" | Notes

! scope="col" width="10%" | Source

1221

| Bocha

| Paul, son of Peter

| "vicarius [...] woyvodae"

| {{sfn|Zsoldos|2011|p=38}}

1278

| Rubinus Hermán

| Finta Aba

| "vicevoyvada"

| {{sfn|Zsoldos|2011|p=39}}

1282

| Nicholas

| rowspan="2" | Roland Borsa

| "vicevoyvoda Transsilvanus"

| {{sfn|Zsoldos|2011|p=40}}

1288–1291

| Ladislaus Borsa

| "vicevoyouoda Transilvanus"; his deputy was Benedict

| {{sfn|Zsoldos|2011|p=40}}

1296

| John

| rowspan="3" | Ladislaus Kán

| "vicewoywoda"

| {{sfn|Zsoldos|2011|p=40}}

b. 1300

| Andrew Gyógyi

| mentioned as "former" vice-voivode in 1300; he possibly held the dignity simultaneously with Ladislaus Borsa

| {{sfn|Zsoldos|2011|p=40}}

1303–1314

| Achilles Torockói

| first term

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=11}}

1319–1320

| Nicholas Vásári

| rowspan="2" | Dózsa Debreceni

|

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=11}}

1321

| Achilles Torockói

| second term

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=11}}

1324–1330

| Michael Zsuki

| rowspan="3" | Thomas Szécsényi

| also ispán of Kolozs County (1324)

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=11}}{{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=248}}

1334–1336

| Simon Zsámboki

|

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=11}}

1337–1342

| Peter Derencsényi

| "the Nosed"

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=11}}

1343–1344

| Ladislaus Tolcsvai

| Nicholas Sirokai

|

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=12}}

1345–1349

| Peter Váradjai

| Stephen Lackfi

| first term; also castellan of Kecskés

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=12}}

1351–1352

| Egidius Tornai

| rowspan="2" | Nicholas Kont

|

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=12}}{{sfn|Engel|1996b|p=178}}

1352–1356

| Stephen Ravasz

|

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=12}}{{sfn|Engel|1996b|p=179}}

1356–1359

| Dominic Mocsk

| Andrew Lackfi

|

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=12}}{{sfn|Engel|1996b|p=181}}

1359–1368

| Peter Váradjai

| Denis Lackfi,
then Nicholas Lackfi

| second term; also castellan of Hátszeg (1360); killed in the Wallachian campaign

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=12}}

1369–1372

| John Lépes

| Emeric Lackfi

| Pál Engel erroneously identified him as John Görbedi; appointed as vice-palatine in 1372

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=12}}{{sfn|Hegyi|W. Kovács|2016|p=153}}{{sfn|Engel|1996b|p=182}}

1372–1373

| Ladislaus Derencsényi

| rowspan="2" | Stephen Lackfi
of Csáktornya

| son of Peter Derencsényi (1337–1342); Pál Engel incorrectly claimed that he was killed the Wallachian campaign of 1368

| {{sfn|Hegyi|W. Kovács|2016|p=159}}

1374–1376

| Ladislaus Nadabi, Sr.

|

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=13}}{{sfn|Engel|1996b|p=183}}

1376–1385

| John Temesi

| Ladislaus Losonci

| first term

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=13}}

1386

| Stephen Fáncs

| Stephen Lackfi
of Csáktornya

|

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=13}}{{sfn|Engel|1996b|p=184}}

1386–1389

| John Temesi

| rowspan="2" | Ladislaus Losonci

| second term

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=13}}

1390–1392

| Ladislaus

| his identification is uncertain

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=13}}

1392–1393

| Bartholomew Szobi

| Emeric Bebek

|

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=13}}

1394–1395

| Peter Verébi

| Frank Szécsényi

|

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=13}}

1396

| John Váradjai

| rowspan="2" | Stibor of Stiboricz

| son of Peter Váradjai (1345–1349; 1359–1368); killed in the Battle of Nicopolis

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=13}}

1396–1401

| John of Swerch

|

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=13}}

1401–1402

| Michael Nádasi

| Simon Szécsényi

|

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=13}}{{sfn|Hegyi|W. Kovács|2016|p=162}}

rowspan="2" | 1402–1403

| Lawrence Nadabi

| rowspan="2" | Nicholas Csáki &
Nicholas Marcali

|

| rowspan="2" | {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=13}}

Stephen Nadabi

| son of Ladislaus Nadabi, Sr. (1374–1376)

1404–1408

| Peter Sztrigyi

| rowspan="4" | John Tamási &
James Lack

| rowspan="4" |

| rowspan="4" | {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=14}}

1404–1406

| Ladislaus Nadányi

1406–1409

| John Dobokai

1408–1409

| John Geréb, Sr.

1410–1415

| Ladislaus Nadabi, Jr.

| Stibor of Stiboricz,
then vacant

| son of Ladislaus Nadabi, Sr. (1374–1376) and brother of Stephen Nadabi (1402–1403)

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=14}}

1415–1438

| Roland Lépes

| Nicholas Csáki,
then Ladislaus Csáki,
then Peter Cseh

| nephew of John Lépes (1369–1372); ispán of Küküllő County (1434); Transylvanian peasant revolt broke out

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=14}}{{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=220}}

1437

| Demetrius Pányi

| Peter Cseh

| alongside Roland Lépes (1415–1438)

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=14}}

1439–1446

| Nicholas Vízaknai

| Desiderius Losonci,
then Nicholas Jakcs & Michael Jakcs,
then Nicholas Újlaki & John Hunyadi

| first term; for John Hunyadi after 1441; appointed deputy governor of Transylvania in 1446

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=14}}

1441–1444

| George Pongrác

| rowspan="5" | Nicholas Újlaki &
John Hunyadi

| for John Hunyadi, killed in the Battle of Varna

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}

1441

| Peter Szerecsen

| for Nicholas Újlaki

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}

1441–1444

| Ladislaus Buzlai

| for Nicholas Újlaki

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}

1443

| George Csupor

| for John Hunyadi

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}

1444–1446

| Gregory Bodó

| for Nicholas Újlaki

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}

1446–1450

| Mark Herepei

| rowspan="10" | Nicholas Újlaki &
Emeric Bebek &
John Rozgonyi

| for Nicholas Újlaki

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}

1446–1449

| George Balai

| for Emeric Bebek; titular vice-voivodeship after the Battle of Kosovo (1448), where Bebek was killed

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}

1447

| Stephen Jánosi

| possibly for governor John Hunyadi

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}

1448

| Nicholas Erdélyi

| possibly for governor John Hunyadi

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}

1449–1450

| Michael Dormánházi

| for John Rozgonyi

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}

1450

| John Geréb, Jr.

| son of John Geréb, Sr. (1408–1409); for governor John Hunyadi

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}

1450

| Denis Veres

| for governor John Hunyadi

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}

1450–1460

| George Rikalf

| for John Rozgonyi

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}{{sfn|C. Tóth|Horváth|Neumann|Pálosfalvi|2016|p=84}}

1452–1456

| Bronisław of Zlibow

| for John Rozgonyi

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}

1456–1458

| Stephen Kemény

| for the Hunyadi family

| {{sfn|Engel|1996a|p=15}}{{sfn|C. Tóth|Horváth|Neumann|Pálosfalvi|2016|p=84}}

1458–1460

| Sigismund Sártványi

| rowspan="5" | John Rozgonyi &
Sebastian Rozgonyi &
Ladislaus Kanizsai &
Nicholas Kanizsai

| for the Rozgonyi family

| rowspan="5" | {{sfn|C. Tóth|Horváth|Neumann|Pálosfalvi|2016|p=85}}

1458–1459

| Farkas Szerdahelyi

|

1459–1462

| Benedict Gibárt

|

1460

| Nicholas Vízaknai

| second term

1461–1462

| George Szentiványi

|

rowspan="2" | 1462–1465

| Nicholas Vízaknai

| rowspan="2" | John Pongrác

| third term

| rowspan="2" | {{sfn|C. Tóth|Horváth|Neumann|Pálosfalvi|2016|p=85}}

Stephen Erdélyi

| first term; brother of Nicholas Erdélyi (1448)

1465–1467

| Ladislaus Nádasdi

| rowspan="2" | Sigismund Szentgyörgyi &
John Szentgyörgyi &
Bertold Ellerbach

| rowspan="2" |

| rowspan="2" | {{sfn|C. Tóth|Horváth|Neumann|Pálosfalvi|2016|p=85}}

1466–1467

| John Illyei

rowspan="2" | 1468–1472

| John Rédei

| rowspan="3" | John Pongrác &
Nicholas Csupor

|

| rowspan="3" | {{sfn|C. Tóth|Horváth|Neumann|Pálosfalvi|2016|p=86}}

Dominic Bethlen

| first term

1472

| John Váradi

|

1474–1475

| Peter Kis

| Blaise Magyar

|

| {{sfn|C. Tóth|Horváth|Neumann|Pálosfalvi|2016|p=86}}

1475–1476

| Dominic Bethlen

| rowspan="2" | John Pongrác

| second term

| rowspan="2" | {{sfn|C. Tóth|Horváth|Neumann|Pálosfalvi|2016|p=86}}

1476

| Stephen Erdélyi

| second term

1477

| Dominic Bethlen

| rowspan="2" | Peter Geréb

| third term

| rowspan="2" | {{sfn|C. Tóth|Horváth|Neumann|Pálosfalvi|2016|p=86}}

1477–1479

| Anton Kendi

|

1482–1486

| Stephen Horvát

| rowspan="5" | Stephen Báthory

| also vice-ispán of Zaránd County

| rowspan="5" | {{sfn|C. Tóth|Horváth|Neumann|Pálosfalvi|2016|p=87}}

1483–1484

| John Werbőczy

| "deputy of the voivode"

1486

| Lazarus Zsoldos

|

1487–1493

| Stephen Telegdi

| first term

1492

| Michael Almási

|

See also

References

{{reflist|3}}

Sources

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{cite book |last1=C. Tóth |first1=Norbert | last2=Horváth |first2=Richárd | last3=Neumann |first3=Tibor | last4=Pálosfalvi |first4=Tamás |year=2016 |title=Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1458–1526, I. Főpapok és bárók [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1458–1526, Volume I: Prelates and Barons] |publisher=MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézete |isbn=978-963-4160-35-9 |language=hu}}
  • {{cite book |last=Engel |first=Pál |year=1996a |title=Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I. [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I] |publisher=História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete |isbn=963-8312-44-0 |language=hu}}
  • {{cite book |last=Engel |first=Pál |editor1-last=Kovács |editor1-first=András |editor2-last=Sipos |editor2-first=Gábor |editor3-last=Tonk |editor3-first=Sándor |title=Emlékkönyv Jakó Zsigmond születésének nyolcvanadik évfordulójára |publisher=Erdélyi Múzeum Egyesület |year=1996b |pages=176–186 |chapter=Néhány XIV. századi erdélyi alvajda származása [Origins of Some Vice-Voivodes of Transylvania from the 14th Century] |isbn=973-96946-7-5 |language=hu}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Hegyi |first1=Géza |last2=W. Kovács |first2=András |editor1-last=Dáné |editor1-first=Veronka |editor2-last=Lupescu-Makó |editor2-first=Mária |editor3-last=Sipos |editor3-first=Gábor |title=Testimonio litteratum. Tanulmányok Jakó Zsigmond tiszteletére |publisher=Erdélyi Múzeum Egyesület |year=2016 |pages=151–168 |chapter=Néhány erdélyi alvajda azonosításáról [Identification of Some Vice-Voivodes of Transylvania] |isbn=978-606-739-054-4 |language=hu}}
  • {{cite journal |last=W. Kovács |first=András |year=2012 |title=Remarks on the Careers of the Vice-voivodes of Transylvania in the Late Middle Ages (1458–1526) |journal=Transylvanian Review |publisher=Romanian Cultural Foundation |volume=21 |issue=Suppl. no. 2 |pages=103–138 |issn=1221-1249 }}
  • {{cite book |last=Zsoldos |first=Attila |year=2011 |title=Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] |publisher=História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete |isbn=978-963-9627-38-3 |language=hu}}

{{Refend}}

Category:Medieval Transylvania