Vijayawada

There are many legends behind the origin of the name Vijayawada. It is said that Goddess Durga killed Mahishasura and relaxed at this place. As she was victorious, the place came to be known as Vijayawada (vijaya translates to victory{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/vijayawada-kanaka-durga-temple-management-to-implement-dress-code-for-devotees-2829754.html|title=Vijayawada: Kanaka Durga Temple management to implement dress code for devotees|last=P|first=Chennabasaveshwar|date=31 December 2018|website=One India|language=en|access-date=10 January 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308190359/https://www.oneindia.com/india/vijayawada-kanaka-durga-temple-management-to-implement-dress-code-for-devotees-2829754.html|archive-date=8 March 2021}} and wada as place, literally meaning The Place of Victory).{{cite book|author1=Ross|title=Corporate Finance 8E|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education|isbn=978-0-07-009124-5|page=272|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3at3pO0AsqIC&pg=PA272|access-date=30 March 2016|year=1988}} The hill was called as Indrekeeladri since it was frequently visited by Indra and his affiliates.{{Cite web|url=https://tms.ap.gov.in/SKDVIJ/cnt/History|title=History of Indrakeeladri|website=AP Temples Portal|access-date=10 January 2019}} The epic Mahabharata refers to the Indrakiladri hills as the place where Arjuna secured Pashupatastra from Lord Shiva. One of the names of Arjuna is "Vijaya" (invincible). Thus city thereafter came to be known as Vijayavatika ('Vatika' translates to place in Telugu) and later as Vijayawada.{{cite web|title=Vijayawada Region|url=http://aptourism.gov.in/index.php/destinations/region-wise/vijayawada-region.html|website=AP Tourism|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=13 July 2015|archive-date=13 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713221830/http://aptourism.gov.in/index.php/destinations/region-wise/vijayawada-region.html|url-status=dead}}

A tale behind its acquiring the name Bezawada is that Goddess Krishnaveni (River Krishna) requested Arjuna to make a passage for her to merge into the Bay of Bengal. Hence, Arjuna made a bejjam (hole) through the mountains and the place came to be known as Bejjamwada which later changed to Bezawada.{{cite book|last1=Ayyar|first1=P. V. Jagadisa|title=South Indian Shrines|date=1993|publisher=Asian Educational Services|location=New Delhi [u.a.]|isbn=978-81-206-0151-2|edition=Rev. and enl.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLSGFW1uZboC&pg=PA568|access-date=4 August 2014}}{{cite news|title=Tunnel road lives up to name Bezawada|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151111/nation-current-affairs/article/tunnel-road-lives-name-bezawada|access-date=10 June 2017|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=11 November 2015|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307213612/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151111/nation-current-affairs/article/tunnel-road-lives-name-bezawada|archive-date=7 March 2021}} Other names of Vijayawada were being Vijayavata, Beejapuram, Kanakaprabha, Kanakapuram, Kanakawada, Jayapuri, Vijayapuri, Phalguna Kshetram and Jananathpura in the twelfth century CE.{{cite book |last1=Sajnani |first1=Manohar |title=Encyclopaedia of tourism resources in India - Volume 2 |date=2001 |publisher=Kalpaz Publications |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788178350189 |page=61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nxtnsT8CdZ4C |access-date=22 May 2022}}

{{See also|Battle of Vijayawada}}

{{section-stub|date=May 2025}}

Bezawada (as Vijayawada was known then) was founded around 626 A.D. by Paricchedi Kings. Vijayawada history reveals that Bezawada (Vijayawada) was ruled by King Madhava Varma (one of the kings of Vishnukundina dynasty).{{citation

|url=http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000001066u00025000.html

|title=Sculptures in a cavern at Bezawara [Vijayawada] supposed to belong to the Jain Religion. 21 August 1815 |access-date=2 September 2013}} Chinese Buddhist scholar Xuanzang stayed a few years in Bezawada (Vijayawada) in around 640 A.D. to copy and study the Abhidhamma Pitaka, the last of the three pitakas (Pali for baskets) constituting the Pali canon, the scriptures of Theravada Buddhism.{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Xuan-Zang-stayed-in-Vijayawada-to-study-Buddhist-scriptures/article16091816.ece|title=Xuan Zang stayed in Vijayawada to study Buddhist scriptures|first=G. Venkataramana|last=Rao|date=3 November 2016|via=www.thehindu.com|newspaper=The Hindu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108124322/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Xuan-Zang-stayed-in-Vijayawada-to-study-Buddhist-scriptures/article16091816.ece|archive-date=8 November 2020}}

Mogalrajapuram hills have five rock-cut temples, built during the fourth–ninth centuries. Some of the caves can be attributed to Vishnukundina dynasty. Akkana Madanna Caves, at the foot of Indrakeeladri Hill, is a monument of national importance.{{cite web|url=http://asihyd.ap.nic.in/krishna_monuments.html|title=Monuments of ASI under Hyderabad Circle}}

At the foot of Indrakeeladri hills is the temple of Malleswara. The temple has inscriptions dating back to ninth century AD to 16th century AD by various kings. There are ten pillars and a mutilated slab (recognised as monuments by Archaeological Survey of India) with inscriptions in the Telugu language. Of them, the inscriptions issued by Yudhamalla I and II of Eastern Chalukyas are important.

In the early 16th century, during the reign of Qutb Shahi dynasty (also known as Golconda Sultanate), diamond mines were found near Vijayawada on the banks of Krishna River.{{Cite book|title=History and culture of Andhra Pradesh : from the earliest times to the present day|last=P.|first=Raghunadha Rao|date=1997|publisher=Sterling Publishers|isbn=9788120717190|oclc=46680300}}

Vijayawada lies on the banks of Krishna river,{{cite news|title=With love, from Venice to Vijayawada|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/With-love-from-Venice-to-Vijayawada/article16442746.ece|access-date=8 June 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225083659/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/With-love-from-Venice-to-Vijayawada/article16442746.ece|archive-date=25 February 2021}} covered by hills and canals.{{cite news|title=Vijayawada, Amaravati twin cities|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150725/nation-current-affairs/article/vijayawada-amaravati-twin-cities|access-date=8 June 2017|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=25 July 2015|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226171811/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150725/nation-current-affairs/article/vijayawada-amaravati-twin-cities|archive-date=26 February 2021}} and at an altitude of {{Convert|11|m|abbr=on}} above sea level. Three canals originating from the north side of the Prakasam Barrage reservoir — Eluru, Bandar, and Ryves — flow through the city.{{cite news|title=Canal bunds hot beds for growth of slums spotlight|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Canal-bunds-hot-beds-for-growth-of-slums-spotlight/article14821364.ece|access-date=21 April 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en}}

Vijayawada has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw).{{cite web|title=Vijayawada City Disaster Management Plan – 2015|url=http://disastermanagement.ap.gov.in/Pdf/CDMP%20-%20Vijayawada.pdf|website=Disaster Management|access-date=9 June 2017|page=6}} The annual mean temperatures range between {{Convert|23.4|–|34|C|F|0|abbr=on}}; with maximum temperatures often crossing {{convert|40|C|F}} in the month of May and the minimum in December and January.{{cite web

| url = http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/vijaywada2.htm

| title = Vijayawada Climatological Table Period: 1981–2010

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| access-date = 27 May 2015}} The highest maximum temperature ever recorded was {{convert|48.8|C|F}} in May 2002. May is the hottest and January is the coldest month of the year.{{cite news|title=Vijayawada weather|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140604/nation-current-affairs/article/ap-cm-designate-chandrababu-naidu-plans-change-vijayawada-more|access-date=25 June 2014|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=4 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224175948/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140604/nation-current-affairs/article/ap-cm-designate-chandrababu-naidu-plans-change-vijayawada-more|archive-date=24 February 2021}} It receives rainfall from the South-west and North-east monsoons and the average annual rainfall recorded is {{Convert|977.9|mm|abbr=on}}.

{{Weather box

|location = Vijayawada (Vijayawada Airport, located in Gannavaram) 1991–2020, extremes 1950–present

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

| Jan record high C = 35.9

| Feb record high C = 38.2

| Mar record high C = 43.3

| Apr record high C = 44.5

| May record high C = 48.8

| Jun record high C = 47.6

| Jul record high C = 41.0

| Aug record high C = 41.1

| Sep record high C = 39.4

| Oct record high C = 38.2

| Nov record high C = 35.8

| Dec record high C = 36.7

| year record high C = 48.8

| Jan high C = 30.4

| Feb high C = 32.8

| Mar high C = 35.9

| Apr high C = 37.9

| May high C = 40.2

| Jun high C = 37.2

| Jul high C = 33.9

| Aug high C = 33.0

| Sep high C = 33.2

| Oct high C = 32.4

| Nov high C = 31.4

| Dec high C = 30.4

| year high C = 34.0

| Jan low C = 18.5

| Feb low C = 20.0

| Mar low C = 22.7

| Apr low C = 25.3

| May low C = 27.3

| Jun low C = 26.7

| Jul low C = 25.4

| Aug low C = 25.1

| Sep low C = 24.9

| Oct low C = 23.8

| Nov low C = 21.4

| Dec low C = 18.9

| year low C = 23.3

| Jan record low C = 11.1

| Feb record low C = 14.4

| Mar record low C = 17.0

| Apr record low C = 19.4

| May record low C = 19.4

| Jun record low C = 20.2

| Jul record low C = 20.2

| Aug record low C = 20.2

| Sep record low C = 18.2

| Oct record low C = 17.6

| Nov record low C = 14.0

| Dec record low C = 13.0

| year record low C = 11.1

| rain colour = green

| Jan rain mm = 5.8

| Feb rain mm = 10.4

| Mar rain mm = 11.0

| Apr rain mm = 17.2

| May rain mm = 63.0

| Jun rain mm = 138.3

| Jul rain mm = 207.7

| Aug rain mm = 180.5

| Sep rain mm = 170.3

| Oct rain mm = 150.6

| Nov rain mm = 60.5

| Dec rain mm = 16.7

| year rain mm = 1032.0

| Jan rain days = 0.5

| Feb rain days = 0.6

| Mar rain days = 0.5

| Apr rain days = 0.9

| May rain days = 2.5

| Jun rain days = 7.4

| Jul rain days = 12.1

| Aug rain days = 10.4

| Sep rain days = 8.7

| Oct rain days = 7.6

| Nov rain days = 2.6

| Dec rain days = 0.6

| year rain days = 54.3

|time day = 17:30 IST

| Jan humidity = 58

| Feb humidity = 54

| Mar humidity = 49

| Apr humidity = 48

| May humidity = 46

| Jun humidity = 52

| Jul humidity = 66

| Aug humidity = 71

| Sep humidity = 75

| Oct humidity = 77

| Nov humidity = 70

| Dec humidity = 60

|year humidity = 60

|source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf

| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| access-date = April 8, 2024

}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf

| archive-date = 5 February 2020

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf

| title = Station: Gannavaram (A) Climatological Table 1981–2010

| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| date = January 2015

| pages = 281–282

| access-date = 17 February 2020}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf

| archive-date = 5 February 2020

| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf

| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)

| publisher = India Meteorological Department

| date = December 2016

| page = M8

| access-date = 17 February 2020}}

}}Vijayawada has been ranked 6th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India.{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024}}

The city is the second most populous in the state and the third most densely populated urban built-up areas in the world, with approximately 31,200 people per square km.{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/190816/vijayawada-is-third-densely-packed-city-31200-people-in-every-square-km.html|title=Vijayawada is third densely packed city; 31,200 people in every square km|last=reddy|first=u sudhakar|date=19 August 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=29 May 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308043848/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/190816/vijayawada-is-third-densely-packed-city-31200-people-in-every-square-km.html|archive-date=8 March 2021}} {{As of|2011}} Census of India, it had a population of 1,021,806, of which males are 524,918 and females are 523,322 — for a sex ratio of 997 females per 1000 males — higher than the national average of 940 per 1000.{{cite web |title=Hand Book of Statistics 2015 Krishna District |url=https://desap.cgg.gov.in/jsp/website/gallery/Krishna2014-15.pdf |website=Department of Economics and Statistics, Andhra Pradesh |access-date=1 June 2019 |location=Machilipatnam |page=6 |date=2014–2015}}{{cite web|title=Sex Ratio |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/indiaatglance.html |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2 September 2014 }} 92,848 children were in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 47,582 were boys and 45,266 were girls: a ratio of 951 per 1000. The average literacy rate stood at 82.59% (male 86.25%; female 78.94%) with 789,038 literates, significantly higher than the national average of 73.00%.{{cite web|title=Chapter–3 (Literates and Literacy rate) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/PCA_Highlights/pca_highlights_file/India/Chapter-3.pdf|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|access-date=2 September 2014}}

{{bar box

|title=Religion in Vijayawada City (2011){{cite web |title=C-01 Population By Religious Community: Andhra Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11363/download/14476/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS|publisher=Census of India}}

|titlebar=#fcd116

|float=left

|bars=

{{bar percent|Hinduism|darkorange|85.16}}

{{bar percent|Islam|green|9.12}}

{{bar percent|Christianity|blue|3.64}}

{{bar percent|Jainism|brown|0.50}}

{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|1.58}}

}}

{{Pie chart

|caption = Languages of Vijayawada (2011)

|label1 = Telugu |value1 = 89.42 |color1 = steelblue

|label2 = Urdu |value2 = 7.95 |color2 = green

|label3 = Others |value3 = 2.63 |color3 = grey

}}

The predominant language spoken by the city residents is Telugu.{{cite news|title=Andhra Pradesh / Vijayawada News : Championing the cause of Telugu language|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2005/12/16/stories/2005121605130200.htm|work=The Hindu|access-date=14 June 2017}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} In the 2011 census, the total number of language speakers in the city (including the outgrowths) were {{formatnum:1143232}}. Telugu is spoken by {{formatnum:1022376}} speakers, followed by {{formatnum:90876}} Urdu. A small minority speak Hindi, Tamil, Odia, Gujarati, Marathi and Malayalam.{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Town Level |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10254/download/13366/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX|website=Census of India |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |access-date=13 May 2019}} Select "Andhra Pradesh" from the download menu. Data for "Vijayawada (M+OG)" is at row 11723 of the excel file. In the same census, the total religious population in the city (including the outgrowths) was {{formatnum:1143232}}. It constituted {{formatnum:973612}} Hindus (85.16%), {{formatnum:104206}} Muslims (9.12%), {{formatnum:41557}} Christians (3.64%), {{formatnum:5722}} Jains (0.50%) and {{formatnum:18135}} (1.59%) did not state any religion.{{cite web |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html |website=Census of India |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India |access-date=13 May 2019}} Select "Andhra Pradesh" from the download menu. Data for "Vijayawada (M+OG)" is at row 2395 of the excel file.

{{Main|Administration of Vijayawada}}

Vijayawada Municipal Corporation is the civic governing body of the city and was the first ISO 9001 certified urban local body in the country.{{cite book|last1=Bhatnagar|first1=Subhash|title=Unlocking E-Government Potential: Concepts, Cases and Practical Insights|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=9788132102489|page=195|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-YyHAwAAQBAJ&q=first+iso+9001+urban+local+body&pg=PA195|access-date=9 May 2017|language=en|date=1 March 2009}}

It was constituted on 1 April 1888 and was upgraded to selection grade municipality in 1960, and, to the corporation in 1981. The jurisdictional area of the corporation is spread over an area of {{convert|230|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} with 64 wards.{{cite news|title=Govt Declares Vijayawada A Metropolitan City|url=http://www.primepost.in/govt-declares-vijayawada-metropolitan-city/|access-date=29 May 2017|work=Primepost.in|date=25 March 2017|archive-date=4 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504214855/http://www.primepost.in/govt-declares-vijayawada-metropolitan-city/|url-status=dead}}{{cite web |title=Statistical Information of ULBs and UDAs |url=http://www.dtcp.ap.gov.in/dtcpweb/ulbs/List%20of%20ULBs-27-2-2019.pdf |website=Directorate of Town and Country Planning |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=20 May 2019 |page=2 |date=27 February 2019}} The present Municipal Commissioner of the city is Sri Dhyanachandra H M, IAS{{cite web|title=Commissioner's Profile|url=http://www.ourvmc.org/#/commissionerDetails|website=Vijayawada Municipal Corporation|access-date=28 May 2020}} and the present Mayor is Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi.{{Cite news|date=18 March 2021|title=Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi elected as 12th Mayor of Vijayawada|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/rayana-bhagya-lakshmi-elected-as-12th-mayor-of-vijayawada/article34101886.ece|url-status=live|access-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324171547/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/rayana-bhagya-lakshmi-elected-as-12th-mayor-of-vijayawada/article34101886.ece|archive-date=24 March 2021|issn=0971-751X}}{{cite news|title=Workshop on fertilizers today|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/workshop-on-fertilizers-today/article8208611.ece|access-date=14 February 2016|work=The Hindu|date=8 February 2016|location=Vijayawada|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221085801/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/workshop-on-fertilizers-today/article8208611.ece|archive-date=21 December 2016}} Vijayawada is the headquarters of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority.{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/ap-capital-region-development-authority-comes-into-being/article6739396.ece|title=AP Capital Region Development Authority comes into being|work=The Hindu|date=31 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224195837/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/ap-capital-region-development-authority-comes-into-being/article6739396.ece|archive-date=24 February 2021}}

As per the G.O. 104 (dated:23-03-2017), the state government had declared Vijayawada Municipal Corporation and its contiguous areas as a metropolitan area of Vijayawada.{{cite web|title=Welcome to Government Order Issue Register|url=http://goir.ap.gov.in/Reports.aspx|website=goir.ap.gov.in|access-date=27 March 2017}} Its jurisdiction is spread over an area of {{Convert|230|km2|abbr=on}} and has an estimated population of {{nowrap|18 lakhs}}.{{cite news|title=Govt Declares Vijayawada A Metropolitan City|url=http://www.primepost.in/govt-declares-vijayawada-metropolitan-city/|access-date=30 May 2017|work=Primepost.in|date=25 March 2017|archive-date=4 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504214855/http://www.primepost.in/govt-declares-vijayawada-metropolitan-city/|url-status=dead}} The metropolitan area covers Vijayawada municipal corporation and merged villages of Ambapuram, Buddavaram, Done Atkuru, Enikepadu, Ganguru, Gannavaram, Gollapudi, Gudavalli, Jakkampudi, Kanuru, Kesarapalle, Nidamanuru, Nunna, Pathapadu, Penamaluru, Phiryadi Nainavaram, Poranki, Prasadampadu, Ramavarappadu, Tadigadapa, Kankipadu, Vuyyuru, Katuru, Bollapadu, Mudunuru and Yanamalakuduru.{{cite news|author=Staff Reporter|title=Vijayawada, 19 other contiguous areas notified as Metropolitan Area|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/vijayawada-19-other-contiguous-areas-notified-as-metropolitan-area/article17665839.ece|access-date=27 March 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227040222/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/vijayawada-19-other-contiguous-areas-notified-as-metropolitan-area/article17665839.ece|archive-date=27 February 2021}} The urban agglomeration spread in Guntur district covers Tadepalle Municipality and its outgrowth of Undavalli; Mangalagiri Municipality and its outgrowths of Navuluru and Atmakur.{{cite web|title=Name of Urban Agglomeration and its State constituent Units-2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2-vol2/data_files/AP/Chapter_I.pdf|website=Census of India|access-date=21 September 2015|page=11,22–23}}

File:Sri KodandaRamalaya Kalavedika.jpg

File:Rythubazar.jpg

Water supply from the 59 water reservoirs, maintenance of roads, sewerage, underground drainage, environment protection programs, recycling of solid waste and producing power are the services provided by the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation.{{cite web|title=About VMC|url=https://www.ourvmc.org/general/aboutvmc.htm|website=Vijayawada Municipal Corporation|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-date=2 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202014033/http://www.ourvmc.org/general/aboutvmc.htm|url-status=dead}} There has been an underground drainage system in the city since 1967–68. Many green parks are maintained by the corporation to protect the environment such as Raghavaiah park, Rajiv Gandhi Park, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Park, Mahatma Gandhi Park etc.{{cite web|title=Parks in Vijayawada|url=https://www.ourvmc.org/horticulture/parks.htm|publisher=ourvmc|access-date=27 June 2014}} The corporation won many awards and achievements such as National Urban Water Award (2009), Siti e-Governance Project, ISO 9001 certification for Quality Management System.{{cite web|title=Vijayawada: A Profile|url=https://www.ourvmc.org/jnnurm/ch1.pdf|website=Vijayawada Municipal Corporation|access-date=11 December 2015|page=1|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130009/https://www.ourvmc.org/jnnurm/ch1.pdf|url-status=dead}}

The Andhra Pradesh State Disaster Response and Fire Services Department with its headquarters in the city{{cite news|last1=RAGHAVENDRA|first1=V.|title=Fire HQ at Vijayawada to open in Nov.|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/fire-hq-at-vijayawada-to-open-in-nov/article6458717.ece|access-date=31 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224153803/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/fire-hq-at-vijayawada-to-open-in-nov/article6458717.ece|archive-date=24 February 2021}} is responsible for protecting from fire accidents that occur during summers on the hill slope areas of the city.{{cite news|title=3.5 lakh people in Vijayawada vulnerable to fire mishaps|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2017/mar/12/35-lakh-people-in-vijayawada-vulnerable-to-fire-mishaps-1580522.html|access-date=31 May 2017|work=The New Indian Express|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302235119/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2017/mar/12/35-lakh-people-in-vijayawada-vulnerable-to-fire-mishaps-1580522.html|archive-date=2 March 2021}}

The report on solid waste generation in 46 metro cities for the year 2015–16 shows Vijayawada produces 550 tonnes of solid waste per day.{{cite web |title=Solid Waste Generation in 46 Metrocities |url=http://cpcb.nic.in/uploads/MSW/trend_46_cities_list.pdf |website=Central Pollution Control Board |publisher=Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India }} Vijayawada is one of the cities to be covered under the Solar/Green Cities scheme launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and is one of the 15 cities in the country listed in Pilot Solar Cities.{{cite news|title=Mahabubnagar, Vijayawada to be developed as 'Solar Cities'|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/mahabubnagar-vijayawada-to-be-developed-as-solar-cities/article7573167.ece |access-date=21 September 2015|work=The Hindu|date=24 August 2015|location=Hyderabad|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225100341/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/mahabubnagar-vijayawada-to-be-developed-as-solar-cities/article7573167.ece|archive-date=25 February 2021}}

In 2007, the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) that operates the city's public transport system introduced less-polluting CNG fuelled public transport busses in a drive to reduce the operational cost and protect the environment.{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/CNG-buses-hit-the-road/article14805108.ece|title=CNG buses hit the road|date=28 July 2007|work=The Hindu|access-date=19 April 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308213942/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/CNG-buses-hit-the-road/article14805108.ece|archive-date=8 March 2021}} In 2019, with the cost of CNG and fleet maintenance on the rise, the APSRTC had begun replacing the CNG run busses with BS4 and BS6 standard diesel-fuelled buses.{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/may/13/diesel-buses-to-replace-rtc-city-cng-fleet-1976125.html|title=Diesel buses to replace RTC city CNG fleet|website=The New Indian Express|date=13 May 2019 |access-date=19 April 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308141426/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/may/13/diesel-buses-to-replace-rtc-city-cng-fleet-1976125.html|archive-date=8 March 2021}} However, APSRTC continues to be committed to alternative fuels for its fleet. It has since added more electric,{{Cite news|last=Varma|first=P. Sujatha|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/apsrtc-mulls-inclusion-of-electric-buses-in-its-fleet/article19681116.ece|title=APSRTC mulls inclusion of electric buses in its fleet|date=14 September 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=19 April 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309012615/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/apsrtc-mulls-inclusion-of-electric-buses-in-its-fleet/article19681116.ece|archive-date=9 March 2021}} and biodiesel fuelled busses.{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/apsrtc-using-biodiesel-to-cut-pollution/article26018902.ece|title=APSRTC using biodiesel to cut pollution|date=18 January 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=19 April 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322095732/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/apsrtc-using-biodiesel-to-cut-pollution/article26018902.ece|archive-date=22 March 2021}}

Likewise, the city has a large number of CNG fuelled auto-rickshaws that support public transportation needs. However, auto-rickshaw operators have frequently suffered disruption in CNG supply and usually endure long queues to refuel.{{Cite news|last=Sankar|first=K. N. Murali|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/CNG-shortage-puts-auto-drivers-in-a-fix/article16890888.ece|title=CNG shortage puts auto drivers in a fix|date=8 November 2009|work=The Hindu|access-date=19 April 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308202920/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/CNG-shortage-puts-auto-drivers-in-a-fix/article16890888.ece|archive-date=8 March 2021}}{{Cite news|last=Bhattacharjee|first=Sumit|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/scanty-dry-fuel-stations-hit-cng-autos/article5907458.ece|title=Scanty, dry fuel stations hit CNG autos|date=13 April 2014|work=The Hindu|access-date=19 April 2020|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308180134/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/scanty-dry-fuel-stations-hit-cng-autos/article5907458.ece|archive-date=8 March 2021}} In February 2020, Piaggio Vehicles Private Limited launched the sale of electric auto-rickshaws in the city.{{Cite web|url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/commercial-vehicle/lcv/piaggio-launches-ape-e-city-in-vijaywada-at-rs-1-96-lakh/74234916|title=Piaggio launches Ape' E-city in Vijaywada at Rs 1.96 lakh – ET Auto|last=www.ETAuto.com|website=ETAuto.com|language=en|access-date=19 April 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308081703/https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/commercial-vehicle/lcv/piaggio-launches-ape-e-city-in-vijaywada-at-rs-1-96-lakh/74234916|archive-date=8 March 2021}}

File:Office of Asst.Cmmissioner of police . Traffic division - III ,.jpg

The Vijayawada City Police has its own Police Commissionerate, which is responsible for an area of {{cvt|1211.16|sqkm}},{{Cite web|url=http://vijayawadapolice.ap.gov.in/?page_id=20138|title=Vijayawada City Police – VijayawadaPolice|access-date=12 December 2019}} is headed by a Police Commissioner, who is an IPS officer of Additional Director General of Police rank along with one joint commissioner of police and four Deputy Commissioners of Police who are also IPS officers. The present Police commissioner is Bathini Sreenivasulu.{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tirumala-rao-is-vijayawada-police-chief/article24446748.ece|title=Tirumala Rao is Vijayawada police chief|work=The Hindu|access-date=18 July 2018|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109042505/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/tirumala-rao-is-vijayawada-police-chief/article24446748.ece|archive-date=9 November 2020}}

{{Main|Economy of Vijayawada}}

File:Exterior View of Mall.jpgAs of 2020 GDP of Vijayawada city is $11.292 Billion .{{Cite web |title=Metroverse {{!}} Harvard Growth Lab |url=https://metroverse.cid.harvard.edu/city/8628/overview |access-date=26 August 2024 |website=metroverse.cid.harvard.edu |language=en}} Vijayawada is one of the rapidly growing urban markets of the country.{{cite news|title=The rapidly growing, stable markets of southern India – Livemint|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/nSIeqIvslYpScf3u4hRsiL/The-rapidly-growing-stable-markets-of-southern-India.html|access-date=31 May 2017|work=www.livemint.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226170656/http://www.livemint.com/Companies/nSIeqIvslYpScf3u4hRsiL/The-rapidly-growing-stable-markets-of-southern-India.html|archive-date=26 February 2021}} The sectors that contribute to the city economy are construction, education, entertainment, food processing, hospitality, registrations, transport, etc.{{cite news|title=Vijayawada, a growth engine for Andhra Pradesh economy|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/business/economy/280516/vijayawada-a-growth-engine-for-andhra-pradesh-economy.html|access-date=3 April 2017|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=28 May 2016|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307224640/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/business/economy/280516/vijayawada-a-growth-engine-for-andhra-pradesh-economy.html|archive-date=7 March 2021}} Based on the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission, it is classified as one of the Y-grade cities of India. According to one study, the GDP of the city in 2010 was $3 billion (Rs. 18,000 crore) and is expected to grow up to $17 billion (Rs. 1,02,000 crore) by 2025.{{Cite web |url=http://www.cdia.asia/wp-content/uploads/Executive-Summary-Vijayawada-Pre-Feasibility-Study-Urban-Transport.pdf |title=Final Report Part II- Traffic and Transportation Executive Summary |date=May 2013 |website=Cities Development Initiative for Asia |access-date=31 May 2017 |archive-date=17 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717183357/http://www.cdia.asia/wp-content/uploads/Executive-Summary-Vijayawada-Pre-Feasibility-Study-Urban-Transport.pdf |url-status=dead }} According to another by Oxford the GDP of the city in 2018 was $5.8 billion and is expected to grow up to $21 billion by 2035.{{cite web|title=World's top 10 fastest growing cities are all from India; check which cities made it to Oxford list |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/worlds-top-10-fastest-growing-cities-are-all-from-india-check-which-cities-made-it-to-oxford-list/1585498/|publisher=Financial Express |date=22 May 2019 |access-date=15 July 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107232923/https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/worlds-top-10-fastest-growing-cities-are-all-from-india-check-which-cities-made-it-to-oxford-list/1585498/|archive-date=7 November 2020}}

Andhra Cements (1937) was the first cement factory in Andhra Pradesh. Siris Pharmaceuticals was the first pharma company in Andhra Pradesh and was established in 1950.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

The city has trading and exporting markets for agriculture and industrial goods.{{cite web|title=Economy of the City|url=http://www.cdia.asia/wp-content/uploads/Executive-Summary-Vijayawada-Pre-Feasibility-Study-Urban-Transport.pdf|website=Cities Development Initiative for Asia|publisher=City Development Initiative For Asia|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717183357/http://www.cdia.asia/wp-content/uploads/Executive-Summary-Vijayawada-Pre-Feasibility-Study-Urban-Transport.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2014|page=2}} The Nunna Mango Market is one of the largest mango markets in Asia, exporting to major cities in the country.{{cite news|last1=Rao|first1=G. Venkataramana|title=Asia's biggest mango market loses sheen|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/asias-biggest-mango-market-loses-sheen/article8507673.ece|access-date=31 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225122854/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/asias-biggest-mango-market-loses-sheen/article8507673.ece|archive-date=25 February 2021}} It is also a hub for storage, bottling, and transportation of petroleum products of all major companies like BPCL, HPCL, and IOCL.{{cite web|title=Industrial Scenario |url=http://dcmsme.gov.in/dips/krishna%20profile_ap.pdf|publisher=apind.gov.in|access-date=25 June 2015|page=10}}

The city is also attracting many international IT companies. HCL Technologies, Wipro, the Noida-based Indian multinational is constructing its Vijayawada campus in Kesarapalli village, near to Gannavaram. In the first phase, HCL will provide employment to 5,000 students.{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2018/oct/09/hcl-to-create-5000-jobs-in-andhra-pradeshs-kesarapalli-1883052.html|title=HCL to create 5,000 jobs in Andhra Pradesh's Kesarapalli|website=The New Indian Express|date=9 October 2018 |access-date=12 December 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308181425/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2018/oct/09/hcl-to-create-5000-jobs-in-andhra-pradeshs-kesarapalli-1883052.html|archive-date=8 March 2021}}

There are two major IT parks one at Gannavaram and other in Mangalagiri there are big companies like TechMahindra, HCL, PI Data Center, VSoft, Efftronics, KJ Systems, and EPSoft. The city is also most preferred tier-two city destination for IT/ITES services. There is an APIIC Mega Food Park in Mallavalli near Gannavaram.

The growing population and economy have resulted in rising real estate prices.{{cite news|title=Despite slowdown, housing prices bullish across cities|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/despite-slowdown-housing-prices-bullish-across-cities/articleshow/16042170.cms|access-date=31 May 2017|work=The Economic Times|date=31 August 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406114529/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/despite-slowdown-housing-prices-bullish-across-cities/articleshow/16042170.cms|archive-date=6 April 2021}} There is also a cyber security office that is operating by Tech mahindra.And the

Wonderla an amusement park is trying to invest around 250 crores rupees to expand its branch in between guntur and vijayawada in 50 acres.

File:Kondapalli toys at a house in Vijayawada.jpg

File:Night view of Prakasam Barrage.jpg

File:Sri KodandaRamalayam.jpg

The city is known in the state for its cultural history,{{cite book|last1=Laveesh|first1=Bhandari|title=Indian States at a Glance 2008–09: Performance, Facts and Figures – Andhra Pradesh|date=2009|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131723319|page=23|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DirWha1wnNEC&q=vijayawada+on+the+banks+of+krishna&pg=PT32|language=en}} whose residents are more often referred to as Vijayawadians.{{cite news|title=It's New Year revelry all over|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Itrsquos-New-Year-revelry-all-over/article15953388.ece|access-date=14 June 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224183814/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Itrsquos-New-Year-revelry-all-over/article15953388.ece|archive-date=24 February 2021}} There are many religions, languages, traditions, and festivals.{{cite news|title=Vijayawada to get a Cultural centre |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150121/nation-current-affairs/article/vijayawada-get-cultural-centre|access-date=21 September 2015|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=21 January 2015 |location=Hyderabad|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225230501/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150121/nation-current-affairs/article/vijayawada-get-cultural-centre|archive-date=25 February 2021}}{{cite news|title=Vijayawada to host Poetic Prism-2015|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/vijayawada-to-host-poetic-prism2015/article7666518.ece|access-date=21 September 2015|work=The Hindu|date=19 September 2015|location=Vijayawada|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225172358/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/vijayawada-to-host-poetic-prism2015/article7666518.ece|archive-date=25 February 2021}} Durga Pooja and a special Theppotsavam in Krishna river are important events of the Hindu festival of Dussera in the city, mainly due to the existence of self-manifested Kanaka Durga Temple.{{cite news|title=Dussehra festivities end, but joy continues at Vijayawada KanakaDurga temple|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141005/nation-current-affairs/article/dussehra-festivities-end-joy-continues-vijayawada-kanakadurga|access-date=21 September 2015|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=5 October 2014|location=Vijayawada|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228173047/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/141005/nation-current-affairs/article/dussehra-festivities-end-joy-continues-vijayawada-kanakadurga|archive-date=28 February 2021}} Hazarat Bal Mosque is a Muslim shrine housing the holy relic of the Prophet Mohammed.{{cite web|title=::.AP TOURISM.|url=http://www.aptdc.gov.in/vijayawada-2.html|website=www.aptdc.gov.in|access-date=3 April 2017}} Gunadala Matha Shrine is an important shrine for Christians and illuminates during Christmas Eve{{cite news|title=Vijayawada decked up for Christmas celebrations|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2015-12-24/Vijayawada-decked-up-for-Christmas-celebrations/195169|access-date=3 April 2017|work=The Hans India|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225074437/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2015-12-24/Vijayawada-decked-up-for-Christmas-celebrations/195169|archive-date=25 February 2021}} and Gunadala Matha annual festival which takes place on 9, 10 and 11 February each year.{{cite news |last1=Ameen |first1=Md |date=9 February 2024 |title=Gunadala Mary Matha shrine centenary fete from today |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/gunadala-mary-matha-shrine-centenary-fete-from-today-857468 |work=The Hans India |access-date=7 April 2024}}

{{cite news |last1=Boda |first1=Tharun |date=7 February 2023 |title=Stage set for three-day Gunadala Mary Matha festival from February 9 in Vijayawada |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/stage-set-for-three-day-gunadala-mary-matha-festival-from-february-9-in-vijayawada/article66482036.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=7 April 2024}}

The city corporation organises "Happy Sunday," an event organised on the first Sunday of every month at M.G. Road for promoting activities such as sports, games, cultural events, and yoga.{{cite news|author=Staff Reporter|title=A year on, Happy Sunday continues to entertain people in Vijayawada|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/a-year-on-happy-sunday-continues-to-entertain-people-in-vijayawada/article17766379.ece|access-date=3 April 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112041310/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/a-year-on-happy-sunday-continues-to-entertain-people-in-vijayawada/article17766379.ece|archive-date=12 November 2020}} The clothing of the locals includes traditional men wearing dhoti and women wearing saree and salwar kameez. western clothing is also predominant.{{cite news|title=Efforts should be made to preserve traditional wear|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-educationplus/Efforts-should-be-made-to-preserve-traditional-wear/article15943218.ece|access-date=21 April 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225150031/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-educationplus/Efforts-should-be-made-to-preserve-traditional-wear/article15943218.ece|archive-date=25 February 2021}}

The Vijayawada Art Society promotes Telugu arts.{{cite news|title=Seminar on Telugu art|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/seminar-on-telugu-art/article7650893.ece|access-date=21 September 2015|work=The Hindu|date=14 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226001240/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/seminar-on-telugu-art/article7650893.ece|archive-date=26 February 2021}} The city hosted Poetic Prism 2015, a multilingual poet's meet on 19 September 2015. All these activities are organised in collaboration with the Cultural Centre of Vijayawada.

Kondapalli Toys — which were granted geographical indication in 2007{{Cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/kondapalli-toys-get-gi-status/176889/|title=Kondapalli toys get GI status|work=The Financial Express|access-date=13 June 2017|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311094956/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/kondapalli-toys-get-gi-status/176889/|archive-date=11 March 2021}} — are handmade by the artisans of Kondapalli, a suburb of Vijayawada.{{cite news|last1=Guhan|first1=V|title=Creative Kondapally |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/yw/2003/06/21/stories/2003062100470300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127053030/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/yw/2003/06/21/stories/2003062100470300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 January 2016|access-date=21 September 2015|work=The Hindu|date=21 June 2003}} Kondapalli toys, also known as Kondapalli Bommalu, are traditional wooden toys crafted by skilled artisans in Kondapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India. These toys are known for their intricate designs and vibrant colours, made from soft Tella Poniki wood and painted with natural dyes. They are safe for children to play with due to their non-toxic materials and lack of harmful chemicals. Originating from Rajasthan in the 16th century, Kondapalli artisans are considered 'Aryakhastriyas'.{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Aryamaratha |url=https://www.aryamaratha.com/history/ |access-date=30 June 2024 |language=en-US}}

Victoria Jubilee Museum is an archaeological museum in the city, which houses sculptures, paintings, and artefacts of Buddhist and Hindu relics, dating back to the second and third centuries.

{{Main|List of visitor attractions in Vijayawada}}

{{Panorama|image = |height = 400px|caption = Panorama of Vijayawada}}

Vijayawada was paired as a sister city of Modesto, California in 1993.{{Cite web|url=https://asiamattersforamerica.org/india/data|title=Data Visualizations – India – Asia Matters for America|website=Data Visualizations – India – Asia Matters for America|language=en-US|access-date=13 November 2018}} The city has old and new town areas. The One Town area of the city is known as old city area, comprising areas such as Islampet, Jendachettu Centre, Kamsalipet, Rajarajeswaripet, Kothapet, Ajith Singh Nagar, and Winchipet.{{cite news|title=Residents of One Town in Vijayawada Worst-hit|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2014/jun/09/residents-of-one-town-in-vijayawada-worst-hit-622786.html|access-date=31 May 2017|work=The New Indian Express|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226232541/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2014/jun/09/Residents-of-One-Town-in-Vijayawada-Worst-hit-622786.html|archive-date=26 February 2021}} The new city areas include areas such as Autonagar, Benz circle, Chuttugunta, Labbipet, Machavaram Down, Mogalrajapuram, NTR circle, Tikkle Road, Governorpeta, Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road and Suryaraopet.{{cite news|title=A road which has an ever-changing story|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/a-road-which-has-an-everchanging-story/article8024533.ece|access-date=28 February 2016|work=The Hindu|date=24 December 2015|location=Vijayawada|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224144809/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/a-road-which-has-an-everchanging-story/article8024533.ece|archive-date=24 February 2021}}{{cite news|title=Move over Andhra 'bhojanam', Vijayawada takes to Hyderabadi biryani|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijaywada/Move-over-Andhra-bhojanam-Vijayawada-takes-to-Hyderabadi-biryani/articleshow/50910433.cms|access-date=28 February 2016|work=The Times of India|date=9 February 2016|location=Vijayawada|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308051040/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijaywada/Move-over-Andhra-bhojanam-Vijayawada-takes-to-Hyderabadi-biryani/articleshow/50910433.cms|archive-date=8 March 2021}}

File:Vijayawada from Gandhi Hill.jpg

Brindavan Colony, Commercial Taxes Colony, Gunadala, Veterinary Colony are some of the residential areas. Bank Colony, Bharati Nagar, Gayatri Nagar, Currency Nagar, Satyanarayana Puram, Gurunanak Colony, APIIC Colony, LIC Colony, Patamata and MG Road are the upscale residential areas.{{cite news|last1=Sowmya Sruthi|first1=Ch|title=Tenants feel the pinch of rising rents|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-02-19/Tenants-feel-the-pinch-of-rising-rents/208485|access-date=28 February 2016|work=The Hans India|date=19 February 2016|location=Vijayawada|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225053940/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-02-19/Tenants-feel-the-pinch-of-rising-rents/208485|archive-date=25 February 2021}}{{cite news|title=Vijayawada MG Road to get facelift|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151121/nation-current-affairs/article/vijayawada-mg-road-get-facelift|access-date=28 February 2016|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=21 November 2015|location=Vijayawada|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227133528/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151121/nation-current-affairs/article/vijayawada-mg-road-get-facelift|archive-date=27 February 2021}} The major commercial areas include the stretch of MG Road and from Benz Circle to Ramavarappadu Ring. Other commercial centers are Besant Road, Rajagopalachari street, One Town market area covering Kaleswara Rao Market (KR Market), and Vastralatha.{{cite news|title=Jewellers down shutters against PAN card rule|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/jewellers-down-shutters-against-pan-card-rule/article8220650.ece|access-date=27 February 2016|work=The Hindu|date=11 February 2016|location=Vijayawada|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228153412/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/jewellers-down-shutters-against-pan-card-rule/article8220650.ece|archive-date=28 February 2021}}{{cite news|last1=Sowmya Sruthi|first1=Ch|title=Capital status draws global brands to Vijayawada|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-02-19/Tenants-feel-the-pinch-of-rising-rents/208485|access-date=28 February 2016|work=The Hans India|date=28 January 2016|location=Vijayawada|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225053940/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-02-19/Tenants-feel-the-pinch-of-rising-rents/208485|archive-date=25 February 2021}}{{cite news|last1=Sowmya Sruthi|first1=Ch|title=Metro foundation likely in February|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/Metro-foundation-likely-in-February/articleshow/50586793.cms|access-date=28 February 2016|work=The Hans India|date=15 January 2016|location=Vijayawada|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308034613/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/Metro-foundation-likely-in-February/articleshow/50586793.cms|archive-date=8 March 2021}}

The city has many landmarks which include, Prakasam Barrage across the Krishna river;{{cite web|title=PRAKASAM BARRAGE|url=http://irrigationap.cgg.gov.in/wrd/static/approjects/prakasam.html|website=irrigation.cgg.gov.in|access-date=7 May 2016}} Krishnaveni Mandapam (River Museum) depicting the history of Krishna river and a nearby idol of the river known as, Krishnaveni statue; Gandhi Hill, the first Gandhi Memorial in the country, located at an elevation of {{Convert|500|ft}} on a hill; Bhavani Island, one of the largest river island amidst Krishna river.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

{{Main|Transport in Vijayawada}}

The primary modes of intra-city public transport are city buses and auto rickshaws.{{cite web|title=Traffic and Transportation|url=https://www.ourvmc.org/jnnurm/ch46.pdf|website=Vijayawada Municipal Corporation|access-date=18 April 2017|page=43|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220071026/https://www.ourvmc.org/jnnurm/ch46.pdf|url-status=dead}} Apart from these, other means of transport are motorcycles, cycle rickshaws, and bicycles.{{rp|37,44}} The Pandit Nehru Bus Station and the Vijayawada Junction railway station are the major transport infrastructure for road and rail transport.{{cite news|title=Rush at PNBS, railway station peaks|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Rush-at-PNBS-railway-station-peaks/article13997304.ece|access-date=8 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225072603/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Rush-at-PNBS-railway-station-peaks/article13997304.ece|archive-date=25 February 2021}} The Pandit Nehru bus station is the administrative headquarters of APSRTC,{{cite news|title=Vijayawada bus station to be RTC headquarters|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2015-08-20/Vijayawada-bus-station-to-be-RTC-headquarters/171260|access-date=8 May 2017|work=The Hans India|date=20 August 2015|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224200618/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2015-08-20/Vijayawada-bus-station-to-be-RTC-headquarters/171260|archive-date=24 February 2021}} which is ranked as the fourth largest and busiest bus terminals in the country.{{cite news |title=Festival rush chokes city bus and railway stations |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/festival-rush-chokes-city-bus-and-railway-stations/article6777299.ece |access-date=12 May 2017 |work=The Hindu |date=11 January 2015 |language=en-IN|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930145515/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/festival-rush-chokes-city-bus-and-railway-stations/article6777299.ece |archive-date=30 September 2020 }} The City Division of APSRTC operates close to 450 buses for an average of 300,000 daily commuting passengers.{{cite web|title=Vijayawada City Bus System|url=https://www.ourvmc.org/jnnurm/chapter7.pdf|website=Vijayawada Municipal Corporatiom|access-date=12 May 2017|page=1|archive-date=15 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915022942/https://www.ourvmc.org/jnnurm/chapter7.pdf|url-status=dead}} Autonagar bus terminus and city bus port is used for city bus services.{{cite news |last1=ilyas |first1=md |title=Bandar road to be widened to 100 feet width |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/131018/bandar-road-to-be-widened-to-100-feet-width.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=13 October 2018 |language=en|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308002737/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/131018/bandar-road-to-be-widened-to-100-feet-width.html |archive-date=8 March 2021 }}{{cite news |title=Four metro bus services launched between Vijayawada and Amaravati |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2018/jul/19/four-metro-bus-services-launched-between-vijyawada-and-amaravati-1845416.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=5 March 2019|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226223736/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2018/jul/19/four-metro-bus-services-launched-between-vijyawada-and-amaravati-1845416.html |archive-date=26 February 2021 }} The city buses ply in major routes of Besant Road, Eluru Road, MG Road and to the city outskirts of Ibrahimpatnam, Kondapalli, Mangalagiri, Kankipadu, Uyyuru, Gannavaram, Nidamanuru and Nunna.{{cite news |title=RTC to identify new routes to ply buses |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/mar/05/rtc-to-identify-new-routes-to-ply-buses-1946905.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=5 March 2019|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228085648/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/mar/05/rtc-to-identify-new-routes-to-ply-buses-1946905.html |archive-date=28 February 2021 }} In 2016, APSRTS has discontinued city services on the BRTS corridor due to poor response from the commuters.{{Cite news|last=Lanka|first=Venu|date=10 November 2019|title=Once a corridor for buses, now just a long clothesline!|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/once-a-corridor-for-buses-now-just-a-long-clothesline/articleshow/71988345.cms|url-status=live|access-date=29 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310092248/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/once-a-corridor-for-buses-now-just-a-long-clothesline/articleshow/71988345.cms|archive-date=10 March 2021}} It was built at a reported cost of {{INRConvert|150|c}}, exclusively to be used by city buses has been.{{cite web|title=Vijayawada BRT System|url=https://www.ourvmc.org/jnnurm/chapter10.pdf|access-date=4 May 2017|website=Vijayawada Municipal Corporation|archive-date=14 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914220204/https://www.ourvmc.org/jnnurm/chapter10.pdf|url-status=dead}}

The two major National Highways, NH-16 (Kolkata–Bhubaneshwar-Visakhapatnam-Vijayawada-Guntur-Nellore-Chennai) and NH-65 (Pune-Hyderabad-Suryapet-Vijayawada-Machilipatnam), provides road connectivity with other states and major cities.{{cite news|title=Road safety vehicles to focus on infrastructure too|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/road-safety-vehicles-to-focus-on-infrastructure-too/article17791036.ece|access-date=12 May 2017|work=The Hindu|date=4 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225064111/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/road-safety-vehicles-to-focus-on-infrastructure-too/article17791036.ece|archive-date=25 February 2021}}{{cite web|title=List of National Highways passing through A.P. State|url=http://aproads.cgg.gov.in/getInfo.do?dt=1&oId=33|website=Roads and Buildings Department|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=11 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328053359/http://aproads.cgg.gov.in/getInfo.do?dt=1&oId=33|archive-date=28 March 2016|url-status=dead}} National Highway 30 from Jagdalpur of Chhattisgarh terminates near the city suburb of Ibrahimpatnam. The Inner Ring Road connects NH-16 and NH-65 to serve the main purpose of easing traffic congestion.{{cite news|title=IRR flyover to be completed by Jan. end|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/irr-flyover-to-be-completed-by-jan-end/article7973124.ece|access-date=22 June 2016|work=The Hindu|date=11 December 2015|language=en-IN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225120248/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/irr-flyover-to-be-completed-by-jan-end/article7973124.ece|archive-date=25 February 2021}}

The seamless commuting in the city is supported by the presence of 16 bridges across the three canals of Bandar, Eluru, and Ryves.{{cite web|title=Roads and Drains|url=https://www.ourvmc.org/general/vmc_brochure.pdf|website=Vijayawada Municipal Corporation|access-date=9 May 2017|page=4|archive-date=14 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814004519/http://www.ourvmc.org/general/vmc_brochure.pdf|url-status=dead}} M. G. Road (Bandar Road) and Eluru Road are the major arterial roads of the city,{{cite news|title=Pedestrians crossing roads at the mercy of motorists|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Pedestrians-crossing-roads-at-the-mercy-of-motorists/article16085973.ece|access-date=12 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224191048/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Pedestrians-crossing-roads-at-the-mercy-of-motorists/article16085973.ece|archive-date=24 February 2021}} with as many as 90,000 vehicles plying M. G. Road itself.{{cite news|last1=Sridhar|first1=G Naga|title=Vijayawada: A tale of two cities|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/vijayawada-a-tale-of-two-cities/article8108079.ece|access-date=14 June 2017|work=The Hindu Business Line|date=14 January 2016|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226163031/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/vijayawada-a-tale-of-two-cities/article8108079.ece|archive-date=26 February 2021}} The city has a total road length of {{Convert|1264.24|km|abbr=on}},{{cite web|title=Details of Roads in each ULB of Andhra Pradesh|url=http://centralapp.cdma.ap.gov.in:8080/CDMAAPTaxesInfo/RoadDetails.jsp|website=Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department|access-date=27 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801101300/http://centralapp.cdma.ap.gov.in:8080/CDMAAPTaxesInfo/RoadDetails.jsp|archive-date=1 August 2016|url-status=dead}} used by 678,004 non-transport and 94,937 transport vehicles. The heavy vehicles like lorries are used for freight transport and hold a share of 18% in the country.{{cite news|title=All you need to know about Andhra Pradesh's new capital – Vijayawada|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-all-you-need-to-know-about-andhra-pradesh-s-new-capital-vijaywada-2016247|access-date=30 May 2017|work=dna|date=5 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227092015/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-all-you-need-to-know-about-andhra-pradesh-s-new-capital-vijaywada-2016247|archive-date=27 February 2021}} Short distance commuting is served by 27,296 auto rickshaws plying the city roads every day,{{cite web|title=Traffic Wing – VijayawadaPolice|url=http://vijayawadapolice.ap.gov.in/?page_id=21833|website=vijayawadapolice.ap.gov.in|access-date=8 May 2017}} which include the women-driven 'She Autos' as well.{{cite news|title=She autos roll out in style in city|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/she-autos-roll-out-in-style-in-city/article7951561.ece|access-date=18 April 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224195220/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/she-autos-roll-out-in-style-in-city/article7951561.ece|archive-date=24 February 2021}} The city has a total road length of {{Convert|1264.24|km|abbr=on}}, covering {{Convert|1230.00|km|mi|abbr=on}} of municipal roads, {{Convert|22.74|km|mi|abbr=on}} of R&B (Roads & Buildings) department roads, {{Convert|11.50|km|mi|abbr=on}} of National Highways.{{cite web|title=Details of Roads in each ULB of Andhra Pradesh|url=http://centralapp.cdma.ap.gov.in:8080/CDMAAPTaxesInfo/RoadDetails.jsp|website=Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department|access-date=27 June 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801101300/http://centralapp.cdma.ap.gov.in:8080/CDMAAPTaxesInfo/RoadDetails.jsp|archive-date=1 August 2016}} Benz Circle is one of the busiest road junctions in the city with an average of 57,000 vehicles crossing daily, The junction has the intersection of two national highways of NH 16 and NH 65.{{cite news|title=New fleet of A.C. buses in Vijayawada|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/AC-Metro-Liners-Prove-to-be-Unviable-for-RTC/2015/04/17/article2768484.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422023622/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/AC-Metro-Liners-Prove-to-be-Unviable-for-RTC/2015/04/17/article2768484.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 April 2015|location=Vijayawada}}

Golden Mile Project

{{Main|Golden Mile Project (Vijayawada)}}

MG Road in Vijayawada is home to the Golden Mile Project, India’s first smart street initiative. Covering a 2.9 km stretch from the Police Control Room to Benz Circle, it was launched as a Proof of Concept for the Smart City initiative by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/golden-mile-all-set-for-official-inauguration/article19442768.ece|title='Golden Mile' all set for official inauguration|last=Boda|first=Tharun|date=7 August 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=2 June 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}} Supported by Cisco Systems, the project provides facilities such as free Wi-Fi, intelligent street lighting, smart parking, and digital kiosks. The total cost of ₹7.83 crore was shared between Cisco, the Andhra Pradesh Urban Finance & Infrastructure Development Corporation, and the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation. The project enables real-time monitoring through the City Digital Platform at the municipal office.{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/vmc-clears-rs-62-lakh-for-cisco-golden-mile-project/article8435715.ece|title=VMC clears Rs. 62 lakh for CISCO Golden Mile Project|author=Staff Reporter|date=5 April 2016|work=The Hindu|access-date=2 June 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}} It includes 101 surveillance cameras, with some capable of calculating traffic density and providing live reports. Additionally, 35 Wi-Fi access points and 240 smart solar-powered lights were installed for public use. Parking sensors help reduce congestion, and motion sensors manage traffic and detect violations. The project also introduced Remote Expert Government Services, allowing citizens to communicate with officials via video calls.{{Cite web|url=https://gblogs.cisco.com/in/cisco-helps-vijayawada-create-india-longest-smart-street/|title=Cisco helps Vijayawada create India's Longest Smart Street|website=gblogs.cisco.com|date=24 October 2017 |language=en|access-date=2 June 2019}}

File:VijayawadaRailwayStation.jpg

Vijayawada Junction railway station was established in the year 1888.{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=V. Rishi |title=23 railway stations to be brought under Redevelopment Project |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/23-railway-stations-to-be-brought-under-redevelopment-project/article9524103.ece |access-date=25 April 2019 |work=The Hindu Business Line |date=6 February 2017 |language=en|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308143947/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/23-railway-stations-to-be-brought-under-redevelopment-project/article9524103.ece |archive-date=8 March 2021 }} It is one of the busiest stations of Indian Railways,{{cite news|title=Trains are back at Vijayawada station – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/Trains-are-back-at-Vijayawada-station/articleshow/54596358.cms|access-date=8 May 2017|work=The Times of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307221921/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/Trains-are-back-at-Vijayawada-station/articleshow/54596358.cms|archive-date=7 March 2021}} the busiest railway station in South India, and is classified as a Non-Suburban Grade-2 (NSG-2) station in Vijayawada railway division.{{cite web |title=Stations – Category-wise (NEW) |url=https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,291,358,748,2213 |website=South Central Railway |access-date=25 April 2019}} The station is a junction station for the trains from {{rws|Hyderabad}}, {{rws|Chennai Central}}, {{rws|Machilipatnam}} and {{rws|Visakhapatnam Junction}}.{{cite news |last1=India |first1=The Hans |title=New rail track proposed between Rayanapadu and Mustabada |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2017-07-23/New-rail-track-proposed-between-Rayanapadu-and-Mustabada/314024 |access-date=26 April 2019 |work=www.thehansindia.com |date=23 July 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308143506/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2017-07-23/New-rail-track-proposed-between-Rayanapadu-and-Mustabada/314024 |archive-date=8 March 2021 }} A train route connecting Vijayawada and Hyderabad was laid in 1889.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} Suburban rail services are operated from the railway station to the nearby cities of Guntur and Tenali.{{cite news|author=Staff Reporter|title=A quick and cheaper mode of transport|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/lsquoA-quick-and-cheaper-mode-of-transport/article15779856.ece|access-date=27 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227042543/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/lsquoA-quick-and-cheaper-mode-of-transport/article15779856.ece|archive-date=27 February 2021}}{{cite news|title=Vijayawada-Guntur-Tenali MEMU diverted|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Vijayawada-Guntur-Tenali-MEMU-diverted/article12562401.ece|access-date=8 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305173110/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Vijayawada-Guntur-Tenali-MEMU-diverted/article12562401.ece|archive-date=5 March 2021}} The city houses the headquarters of Vijayawada railway division,{{cite news|title=South Central Railway|url=http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1|access-date=8 May 2017}} one of the three railway divisions of South Coast Railway zone.{{cite news |title=New railway zone likely to be operational in a year, says DRM |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/new-railway-zone-likely-to-be-operational-in-a-year-says-drm/article26485845.ece |access-date=25 April 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=10 March 2019 |language=en-IN|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308141301/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/new-railway-zone-likely-to-be-operational-in-a-year-says-drm/article26485845.ece |archive-date=8 March 2021 }} The station has also a diesel and electric loco sheds which have a capacity of holding 220 locos by both the sheds.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}} The city of Vijayawada has several satellite stations such as {{rws|Gannavaram}}, {{rws|Gunadala}}, {{rws|Krishna Canal}}, {{rws|Ramavarappadu}},{{cite news|title=Train services to be partially affected for nine days|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Train-services-to-be-partially-affected-for-nine-days/article14991602.ece|access-date=20 April 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225043914/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Train-services-to-be-partially-affected-for-nine-days/article14991602.ece|archive-date=25 February 2021}} {{rws|Kondapalli}}, {{rws|Rayanapadu}},{{cite news|last1=Papasani|first1=Phanindra|title=Four satellite stations and additional 500 trains for Krishna Pushkarams|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/Four-satellite-stations-and-additional-500-trains-for-Krishna-Pushkarams/articleshow/51603012.cms|access-date=28 April 2016|work=The Times of India|date=29 March 2016|location=Vijayawada|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307193249/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/Four-satellite-stations-and-additional-500-trains-for-Krishna-Pushkarams/articleshow/51603012.cms|archive-date=7 March 2021}} {{rws|Madhura Nagar}},{{cite news|title=Plea to develop 3 railway stations for Pushkaram|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-03-08/Plea-to-develop-3-railway-stations-for-Pushkaram/212057|access-date=28 April 2016|work=The Hans India|date=8 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001546/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-03-08/Plea-to-develop-3-railway-stations-for-Pushkaram/212057|archive-date=1 March 2021}} and {{rws|Nidamanuru}}.{{cite news|last1=Gopi|first1=D|title=Facelift for Vijayawada railway junction|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2014-11-07/Facelift-for-Vijayawada-railway-junction/115257|access-date=28 April 2016|date=7 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225004933/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2014-11-07/Facelift-for-Vijayawada-railway-junction/115257|archive-date=25 February 2021}}

A proposed circular train connectivity would connect Vijayawada with neighbouring cities of Eluru, Guntur, Tenali, Mangalagiri and the state capital, Amaravati.{{cite news|title=High-speed rail for new capital|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/151230/nation-current-affairs/article/high-speed-rail-new-capital|access-date=29 May 2017|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=30 December 2015|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224163124/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151230/nation-current-affairs/article/high-speed-rail-new-capital|archive-date=24 February 2021}}{{cite news|title=Circular trains to connect capital towns with Amaravati – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/Circular-trains-to-connect-capital-towns-with-Amaravati/articleshow/55490840.cms|access-date=29 May 2017|work=The Times of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308100906/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/Circular-trains-to-connect-capital-towns-with-Amaravati/articleshow/55490840.cms|archive-date=8 March 2021}}

A 66 km light transit system is proposed to connect the city with Amaravati and its surrounding suburbs.The metro project is implemented by a special purpose vehicle named as, Amaravati Metro Rail Corporation.{{cite web|title=About AMRC - Amaravati Metro|url=http://www.amrc.co.in/about-amrc/|website=Amaravati Metro|access-date=1 May 2017}} Amaravati Metro Rail Corporation has been renamed as Andhra Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation Ltd after the Managing Director of AMRC suggested that it might be appropriate to change the name AMRC as APMRC so as to implement the Metro Projects in other parts of the State and the ruling government obliged.{{Cite web|url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/amaravati-metro-renamed-as-andhra-pradesh-metro-rail-corporation-ltd/|title=Amaravati Metro renamed as Andhra Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation Ltd - Metro Rail News|date=29 April 2020}}

File:Vijayawada Airport 5 (November 2018).jpg]]

The Vijayawada Airport{{Cite web |title=Airports Authority of India {{!}} Vijayawada |url=https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/vijayawada}} at Gannavaram provides air connectivity to major metropolitan cities of the country.{{cite news|title=International status to boost air traffic from Vijayawada airport|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2017/may/05/international-status-to-boost-air-traffic-from-vijayawada-airport-1601247.html|access-date=8 May 2017|work=The New Indian Express|date=5 May 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305105528/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2017/may/05/international-status-to-boost-air-traffic-from-vijayawada-airport-1601247.html|archive-date=5 March 2021}} On 3 May 2017, the airport was upgraded from domestic to international. Currently, Air India, Jet Airways and Spice Jet are operating in the Vijayawada Airport.{{Cite web |title=MakeMyTrip |access-date=31 March 2023 |website=makemytrip.com |url=https://www.makemytrip.com/}} International flights started from 4 December 2018 by Indigo Airlines to Singapore. The international flights to Singapore stopped after 27 June 2019 because the State Government stopped Viability Gap Funding in June 2019. {{As of|2019|6}}, it registered a domestic passenger movement growth rate of 70.0% with a total of 11 Lakh 92 Thousand Passengers in FY 19.{{cite news |last1=Boda |first1=Tharun |title=Vijayawada airport sees 73% international passenger load factor in first month |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/vijayawada-airport-sees-73-international-passenger-load-factor-in-first-month/article26094009.ece |access-date=25 June 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=26 January 2019 |language=en-IN|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308124831/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/vijayawada-airport-sees-73-international-passenger-load-factor-in-first-month/article26094009.ece |archive-date=8 March 2021 }} Aircraft movement recorded a growth of 65.0%.{{cite web|title=Domestic Aircraft Movements|url=http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/Mar2k17annex2.pdf|website=Airports Authority of India|access-date=24 May 2017|page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428050942/http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/Mar2k17annex2.pdf|archive-date=28 April 2017|url-status=dead}}

File:Dr NTR University of Health Sciences A.P.jpg

File:VRSEC - V.R. Siddhartha Engineering College - Administrtive office.JPG

The Primary and Secondary School Education is imparted by the Government, Aided and Private Schools, under the State School Education Department.{{cite web|title=School Education Department|url=http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|publisher=School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=12 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319051231/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016}}{{cite web|title=The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |website=www.ap.gov.in |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |archive-date= 7 November 2016 }} As per the school information report for the academic year 2015–16, the city has 133,837 students enrolled in 529 Schools.{{cite web|title=Student Information Report|url=http://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/longitudecount.do?mode=displayVillages&mandalId=281617&distId=2816|website=Commissionerate of School Education|publisher=Child info 2015–16, District School Education – Andhra Pradesh|access-date=8 November 2016}} The state and CBSE syllabus are followed by schools for the Secondary School Certificate.{{cite news|author=Staff Reporter|title=City students excel in CBSE exam|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/city-students-excel-in-cbse-exam/article8662686.ece|access-date=8 November 2016|work=The Hindu|date=29 May 2016|language=en-IN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228221809/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/city-students-excel-in-cbse-exam/article8662686.ece|archive-date=28 February 2021}}{{cite news|title=International touch for Vijayawada schools – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/International-touch-for-Vijayawada-schools/articleshow/47467141.cms|access-date=8 November 2016|work=The Times of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307212305/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/International-touch-for-Vijayawada-schools/articleshow/47467141.cms|archive-date=7 March 2021}} The languages of instruction are English, Urdu and Telugu.{{cite news|title=VMC schools achieve 89% results in SSC exams|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2015-05-21/VMC-schools-achieve-89-results-in-SSC-exams/152463|access-date=8 November 2016|work=The Hans India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225151933/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2015-05-21/VMC-schools-achieve-89-results-in-SSC-exams/152463|archive-date=25 February 2021}}

For 10+2 education, there are two government junior colleges, namely S.R.R. & C.V.R. Government College and Government Junior College (at Vinchipeta); a railway junior college; three co-operative, 12 private aided, including the oldest, S.R.R & C.V.R College (established in 1937), Andhra Loyola College (established in December 1953), Maria Stella College for Girls (established in 1962), K.B.N College (established in 1965), Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College (established in 1977), the oldest engineering college in Andhra Pradesh, and many private unaided colleges.{{cite web|title=List of colleges in Krishna district|url=http://bieap.gov.in/pdf/krishna.pdf|website=Board of Intermediate Education|access-date=27 September 2016}} School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada (SPAV) was established in 2008, a higher education institute in Vijayawada. It is one of the three Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPAs) established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development in 2008 as an autonomous institute and a fully central funded institution.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

The Sarvotthama Grandhalaya is a city library established on 30 March 1987. It serves an average daily readership of 200, equipped with 22,000 books related to many fields.{{cite news|last1=Varma|first1=P. Sujatha|title=100-year-old library association to split|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/100yearold-library-association-to-split/article6075815.ece|access-date=13 June 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228025221/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/100yearold-library-association-to-split/article6075815.ece|archive-date=28 February 2021}} VMC & VBFS Research and Reference Library is a reader's room/library maintained by Vijayawada Book Festival Society.{{cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2015-11-05/Books-symbolise-peace-and-knowledge-opines-JC/184841|title=Books symbolise peace and knowledge, opines JC|website=The Hans India|date=6 November 2015 |language=en|access-date=21 March 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406121255/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2015-11-05/Books-symbolise-peace-and-knowledge-opines-JC/184841|archive-date=6 April 2021}}

{{Main|Media in Vijayawada}}

Visalaandhra was the first newspaper in the state, started from Vijayawada.{{cite news|title=Visalandhra maintaining quality of information|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/visalandhra-maintaining-quality-of-information/article4843187.ece|access-date=5 June 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309154705/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/visalandhra-maintaining-quality-of-information/article4843187.ece|archive-date=9 March 2021}} As per the 58th annual report of Press India 2013–14, the large and medium Telugu daily publications from Vijayawada include Andhra Jyothy, Eenadu, Sakshi, Suryaa, Andhra Prabha, Vaartha, Prajasakti, and Udaya Bharatam. The English publications are Deccan Chronicle, The Hindu, The Times of India, The Hans India, News Boom, The Fourth Voice, and Views Observer.{{cite web|title=Press in India, 2013–14|url=http://rni.nic.in/pin1314.pdf|website=The Registrar of Newspapers for India|access-date=5 June 2017|pages=358–403}}

The All India Radio Vijayawada was commissioned on 1 December 1948.{{cite web|title=AIR Vijayawada|url=http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Station/VIJAYAWADA/Pages/default.aspx#|website=allindiaradio.gov.in|access-date=5 June 2017}} Its building was named after Pingali Venkayya, the designer of the Indian flag.{{cite news|title=AIR Vijayawada poised for digitisation by Dec end|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2014-12-03/AIR-Vijayawada-poised-for-digitisation-by-Dec-end/119251|access-date=13 June 2017|work=The Hans India|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228102230/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2014-12-03/AIR-Vijayawada-poised-for-digitisation-by-Dec-end/119251|archive-date=28 February 2021}} The channels broadcast by All India Radio are Rainbow Krishnaveni FM,{{cite web|title=Prasara Bharati Annual Report 2010-11|url=http://prasarbharati.gov.in/Information/Annual%20Report/Documents/PB%2010-11%20Eng_m.pdf|website=Prasara Bharati|access-date=13 June 2017|page=65|language=en}} Vividh Bharati.{{cite news|title=Vividh Bharati on FM for Vijayawada listeners|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/vividh-bharati-on-fm-for-vijayawada-listeners/article5259886.ece|access-date=13 June 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225070314/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/vividh-bharati-on-fm-for-vijayawada-listeners/article5259886.ece|archive-date=25 February 2021}} Telugu Doordarshan Saptagiri is located here.

File:Vijayawada PWD Grounds.jpg

Indira Gandhi Stadium in the city is the headquarters of the Sports Authority of Andhra Pradesh.{{cite news|title=Amaravati will be new sports hub: Minister|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Amaravati-will-be-new-sports-hub-Minister/article14477551.ece|access-date=15 January 2017|work=The Hindu|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304211139/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/Amaravati-will-be-new-sports-hub-Minister/article14477551.ece|archive-date=4 March 2021}} It hosted its only men's One Day International (ODI) on 24 November 2002, played between India and West Indies.{{cite web|title=Indira Gandhi Stadium|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58537.html|website=Cricinfo|access-date=9 May 2017}}

The only women's ODI was hosted on 12 December 1997, played as a group match of 1997 Women's Cricket World Cup between England women's and Pakistan women's teams.{{cite web|title=10th Match: England Women v Pakistan Women at Vijayawada, Dec 12, 1997 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/current/match/67189.html|website=Cricinfo|access-date=9 May 2017}} Makineni Basavapunnaiah Stadium at Ajit Singh Nagar is another stadium that caters the sporting needs of the northern part of the city.{{cite news|title=It's a boon for youth in slums|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Itrsquos-a-boon-for-youth-in-slums/article15223310.ece|access-date=9 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226154010/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Itrsquos-a-boon-for-youth-in-slums/article15223310.ece|archive-date=26 February 2021}} Indoor stadiums include Dandamudi Rajagopala Rao Indoor Stadium (DRRIS) at M. G.Road and Chennupati Ramakotaiah Indoor Stadium (CRIS) at Patamatalanka. The DRRIS was named after the former weightlifter, Dandamudi Rajagopal Rao, who participated in the 1951 Asian Games and the 1956 Olympics.{{cite news|last1=Shridharan|first1=J.R.|title=Patamata indoor stadium defies standards|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/patamata-indoor-stadium-defies-standards/article3305851.ece|access-date=9 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224235252/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/patamata-indoor-stadium-defies-standards/article3305851.ece|archive-date=24 February 2021}} The DRRIS hosted several national and international sporting events, such as the 79th Senior Badminton Champions.{{cite web|title=79th Senior Badminton Championships|url=http://badmintonindia.org/download/tournaments/Organizing%20Circular%2079th%20Senior%20Nationals%20at%20Vijayawada.pdf|website=The official website of Badminton Association of India|access-date=9 May 2017|date=8 January 2015}}

Andhra Cricket Association (ACA) International Cricket Stadium is being built on a {{convert|30|acre|ha|adj=on}} site at Navuluru village, Mangalagiri Mandal of Guntur district, {{Convert|15|km|abbr=on}} from the city. It serves as the Andhra Cricket Association stadium.{{cite news|title=Keeping home turf in top shape|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Keeping-home-turf-in-top-shape/article14715464.ece|access-date=31 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226165538/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/Keeping-home-turf-in-top-shape/article14715464.ece|archive-date=26 February 2021}} Vijaya Madhavi Tennis Academy is in Loyola College. Loyola College Grounds hosted many national-level events which includes a Ranji match.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/ground/58539.html|title=Loyola College Ground {{!}} India {{!}} Cricket Grounds {{!}} ESPNcricinfo|website=Cricinfo|access-date=23 September 2018}}

The Railway Sports Stadium, near the railway station, hosted several national level railway competitions such as bodybuilding competitions, Under-19 Cricket championships and a few non-railway events. This stadium has a gallery facility of over 10,000 people. Makineni Basava Punnaiah stadium is another open stadium in the city. Dandamudi Rajagopal Rao Indoor Stadium is one of the noted Badminton stadiums in Andhra Pradesh. It has hosted several national level Badminton and Table Tennis championships.{{cite news |last1=Shridharan |first1=J. R. |title=The city which triggered Prakash Padukone's downfall |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/the-city-which-triggered-champs-downfall/article8432382.ece |access-date=6 March 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=4 April 2016 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108104040/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/the-city-which-triggered-champs-downfall/article8432382.ece|archive-date=8 November 2020}}{{cite news |title=Big-time table tennis arrives in Vijayawada after several years |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/bigtime-table-tennis-arrives-in-vijayawada-after-several-years/article3056245.ece |access-date=6 March 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=4 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224160047/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/bigtime-table-tennis-arrives-in-vijayawada-after-several-years/article3056245.ece|archive-date=24 February 2021}}

The Swachh Survekashan 2021 has identified Vijayawada as the third cleanest city in the nation. In the category of cities with more than 10 lakh inhabitants, the city rose from sixth place in 2020 to third place this year. A five-star designation for "Garbage Free City" has also been given to Vijayawada.{{cite news |title=Vijayawada third cleanest city |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/vijayawada-third-cleanest-city/article37604754.ece |access-date=26 July 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=21 March 2021}} Such a good ranking can be accredited to policy measures such as the introduction of waste disposal vehicles in the city by N. Chandrababu Naidu.{{cite news |title=Vijaywada on path of becoming model city |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2018/oct/03/vijayawada-on-path-of-becoming-model-smart-city-cm-chandrababu-naidu-1880368.html |access-date=26 July 2022 |work=The New Indian Express|date=3 October 2018}}

Notable people born in, or associated with, the city include:

• Nadeem Baig – Pakistani actor, singer and producer
• Siva S. Banda - Indian-American aerospace engineer.
• Saraswathi Gora – social activist who served as leader of the Atheist Centre
• Koneru Humpy - reigning women's world rapid Chess champion
• Lavanam – social reformer and Gandhian
• Prasad Murella, film cinematographer
• Rampilla Narasayamma – freedom fighter.
• Teja Nidamanuru - Indian-born cricketer who plays for the Netherlands national cricket team
• Dandamudi Rajagopal - Olympic weightlifter
• Vangaveeti Mohana Ranga - Vijayawada politician
• Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao - freedom fighter and the first Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh.
• Goparaju Ramachandra Rao – founder of Atheist Centre
• Kanuri Lakshmana Rao – three time MP from Vijayawada and Chief Engineer of Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
• N. T. Rama Rao – founder of Telugu Desam Party and actor in Telugu films
• Akkineni Nageswara Rao - Telugu film actor and founder of Annapurna Studios
• Viswanatha Satyanarayana- awarded the Jnanpith Award in 1970, the first for a Telugu writer, and Padma Bhushan in 1971
• Puchalapalli Sundarayya – founding member of Communist party (Marxist) and former MLA from Vijayawada
• Pingali Venkayya – creator of National Flag.

• List of educational institutions in Vijayawada-Guntur Region
• List of most populous cities in India
• List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population
• Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014
• Largest Indian cities by GDP

{{reflist|group=fn}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• [https://www.ourvmc.org/ Vijayawada Municipal Corporation website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128141448/https://www.ourvmc.org/ |date=28 January 2016 }}
• {{Wikivoyage inline|Vijayawada}}

{{Vijayawada topics}}

{{NTR district}}

{{Andhra Pradesh}}

{{Million-plus cities in India}}

{{Krishna basin}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Medieval Indian cities

Category:Archaeological sites in Andhra Pradesh

Category:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India

Category:Cities and towns in NTR district

Category:Cities in Andhra Pradesh Capital Region

Category:Cities in Andhra Pradesh

Category:District headquarters of Andhra Pradesh

Category:Former capital cities in India

Category:Hindu holy cities

Category:Metropolitan cities in India