Vinervine

The alkaloids are a large group of natural products which are classified according to the part-structure which members of a particular group contain. Vinervine is a monoterpene indole alkaloid of the Vinca sub-group which shares a common biosynthesis with other members, namely that they are derived from strictosidine.{{cite book|author = Dewick, Paul M |title = Medicinal Natural Products. A Biosynthetic Approach. Second Edition|pages=350–359|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=A4zptjOJfKQC&pg=PP1|year = 2002|publisher = Wiley|isbn = 0-471-49640-5}}{{cite journal |doi=10.1039/NP9840100021 |title=Recent progress in the chemistry of indole alkaloids and mould metabolites |year=1984 |last1=Saxton |first1=J. E. |journal=Natural Product Reports |volume=1 |page=21 }} It was first characterised in 1964{{cite journal | vauthors = Abdurakhimova N, Yuldashev PK, Yunusov, SY | title = Pseudokopsinine—a new alkaloid from aerial parts of Vinca erecta | language = ru | journal = Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR | volume = 21 | issue = 2 | pages = 29–31 | date = 1964 }} and the structures of closely related materials including akuammicine were confirmed in 1983.{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF00580558 |title=NMR investigation of alkaloids. IV. ¹³C NMR spectra and structures of norfluorocurarine, akuammicine, vincanidine, and vinervinine |year=1983 |last1=Yagudaev |first1=M. R. |journal=Chemistry of Natural Compounds |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=199–201 |s2cid=28255077 }}

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Vinervine is found in a variety of plants of the Apocynaceae family, including Vinca erecta,{{cite journal | vauthors = Yuldashev PK, Ubaev U, Kuchenkova MA, Yunusov SY | title = Structure of vincanidine and vinervine. | journal = Chemistry of Natural Compounds | date = January 1965 | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = 25–30 | doi = 10.1007/BF00571576 | s2cid = 27933208 }}{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/BF00845999 |title=Vinervine — A new alkaloid from the aboveground part of Vinca erecta |year=1965 |last1=Kuchenkova |first1=M. A. |last2=Yuldashev |first2=P. Kh. |last3=Yunusov |first3=S. Yu. |journal=Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences, USSR Division of Chemical Science |volume=14 |issue=12 |pages=2119–2121 }} Tabernaemontana divaricata{{cite journal | vauthors = Pawelka KH, Stöckigt J | s2cid = 23570705 | title = Indole alkaloids from cell suspension cultures of Tabernaemontana divaricata and Tabernanthe iboga | journal = Plant Cell Reports | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 105–7 | date = April 1983 | pmid = 24257961 | doi = 10.1007/BF00270178 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Pratchayasakul W, Pongchaidecha A, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S | s2cid = 1119874 | title = Ethnobotany & ethnopharmacology of Tabernaemontana divaricata | journal = The Indian Journal of Medical Research | volume = 127 | issue = 4 | pages = 317–35 | date = April 2008 | pmid = 18577786 }} and several other flowering plants species that are native to Africa, Asia, and Europe.

{{Main|Indole alkaloid#Biosynthesis}}

As with other indole alkaloids, the biosynthesis of vinervine starts from the amino acid tryptophan. This is converted into strictosidine before further elaboration.

Plant metabolites have long been studied for their biological activity and alkaloids in particular are major subjects for ethnobotanical research.{{cite journal |doi=10.1039/C5RA01912E |title=The chemistry and bioactivity of Southern African flora I: A bioactivity versus ethnobotanical survey of alkaloid and terpenoid classes |year=2015 |last1=Babiaka |first1=Smith B. |last2=Ntie-Kang |first2=Fidele |last3=Lifongo |first3=Lydia L. |last4=Ndingkokhar |first4=Bakoh |last5=Mbah |first5=James A. |last6=Yong |first6=Joseph N. |journal=RSC Advances |volume=5 |issue=54 |pages=43242–43267 |bibcode=2015RSCAd...543242B }} However, vinervine has had little reported utility.{{cite journal |doi=10.1076/phbi.36.4.237.4583 |doi-access= |title=Survey of Secondary Plant Metabolites with Cardiovascular Activity |year=1998 |last1=Ghisalberti |first1=Emilio L. |last2=Pennacchio |first2=Marcello |last3=Alexander |first3=Elizabeth |journal=Pharmaceutical Biology |volume=36 |issue=4 |page=259 }}{{cite journal |doi=10.2174/0929867043455846 |title=The Catharanthus Alkaloids:Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology |year=2004 |last1=Heijden |first1=Robert |last2=Jacobs |first2=Denise |last3=Snoeijer |first3=Wim |last4=Hallard |first4=Didier |last5=Verpoorte |first5=Robert |journal=Current Medicinal Chemistry |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=607–628 |pmid=15032608 }}

• Conophylline
• Vobtusine
• Rauwolscine
• Yohimbine

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book |isbn=978-0-470-18844-6 |title=Indoles, Part 4: The Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids |last1=Edwin Saxton |first1=J. |date=15 September 2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KBmGUvmCOU8C&q=Vinervine&pg=PA1 }}

Category:Indole alkaloids

Category:Alkaloids found in Apocynaceae

Category:Vinca alkaloids