Voiced labial–velar plosive
{{Short description|Consonantal sound}}
{{infobox IPA
|ipa number=110 (102)
|ipa symbol=ɡ͡b
|decimal1=609
|decimal2=865
|decimal3=98
}}
The voiced labial–velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. It is a {{IPA|[ɡ]}} and {{IPA|[b]}} pronounced simultaneously and is considered a double articulation.{{harvnb|Catford|Esling|2006|p=438}}: {{quote|… the commonest double articulations consist of the simultaneous articulation of stops at two locations, most frequently labial-velar [kp] [gb], written [k͡p] [ɡ͡b] when the coarticulation has to be made explicit in transcription. This particular type of double articulation is often called ‘labiovelar,’ a term which must be avoided in a strictly systematic phonetic taxonomy in which the first half of such a compound term refers to the lower articulator.}} To make this sound, one can say go but with the lips closed as if one were saying Bo; the lips are to be released at the same time as or a fraction of a second after the g of go is pronounced. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɡ͡b}}. Its voiceless counterpart is voiceless labial–velar plosive, {{IPA|[k͡p]}}.
The voiced labial–velar plosive is commonly found in Niger-Congo languages, e.g. in Igbo (Volta-Congo) in the name [iɡ͡boː] itself; or in Bété (Atlantic-Congo), e.g. in the surname of Laurent Gbagbo {{IPA|[ɡ͡baɡ͡bo]}}, former president of Ivory Coast.
Features
Features of the voiced labial–velar stop:
{{plosive}}
{{labial-velar}}
{{voiced}}
{{oral}}
{{central articulation}}
{{pulmonic}}
Occurrence
See also
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite encyclopedia
|chapter=Articulatory phonetics
|last1=Catford
|first1=J.C.
|authorlink1=J. C. Catford
|last2=Esling
|first2=John
|authorlink2=John Esling
|year=2006
|edition=2
|publisher=Elsevier
|pages=425-442
|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics
|editor-last=Brown
|editor-first=Keith
|editor-link=Keith Brown (linguist)
|location=Oxford
|doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00002-X
|ref=Catford2006
}}
- {{citation
|last1=Connell
|first1=Bruce
|last2=Ahoua
|first2=Firmin
|last3=Gibbon
|first3=Dafydd
|authorlink3=Dafydd Gibbon
|year=2002
|title=Ega
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=32
|issue=1
|pages=99–104
|doi=10.1017/S002510030200018X
|doi-access=free
}}
- {{citation
|doi=10.1353/ol.2005.0034
|last=François
|first=Alexandre
|authorlink=Alexandre François
|year=2005
|title=Unraveling the history of the vowels of seventeen northern Vanuatu languages
|journal=Oceanic Linguistics
|volume=44
|issue=2
|pages=443–504
|s2cid=131668754
|url=https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00524988
|citeseerx=10.1.1.395.4359
}}
- {{citation
|last=Harry
|first=Otelemate
|year=2003
|title=Kalaḅarị-Ịjo
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=33
|issue=1
|pages=113–120
|doi=10.1017/S002510030300121X
|doi-access=free
}}
- {{citation
|last=Kropp Dakubu
|first=M. E.
|title=The Dangme Language: An Introductory Survey
|year=1987
|place=London
|publisher=Macmillan
|url=https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_ada_phon-1
}}
- {{Citation
|last=Ladefoged
|first=Peter
|author-link=Peter Ladefoged
|year=1964
|title=A phonetic study of West African languages
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
}}
- {{citation
|last=Olson
|first=Kenneth S.
|year=2004
|title=Mono
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=34
|issue=2
|pages=233–238
|doi=10.1017/S0025100304001744
|url=http://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/11/37/52/113752932904084361138922206226269471614/Olson2004.pdf
|doi-access=free
}}
{{refend}}
External links
- {{phoible|ɡb}}
{{IPA navigation}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Voiced Labial-Velar stop}}
Category:Labial–velar consonants