Ega language
{{short description|Kwa language of south-central Ivory Coast}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Ega
|states=Ivory Coast
|region=near Gly or Gli, Sud-Bandama region
|speakers=2,500
|date=2001
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|fam2=Atlantic–Congo
|fam3=Volta-Congo
|fam4=Kwa
|iso3=ega
|glotto=egaa1242
|glottorefname=Ega
}}
Ega, also known as Egwa and Diès, is a West African language spoken in south-central Ivory Coast. It appears to be a Kwa language of uncertain affiliation.
Demographics
Ega is spoken in 21 villages near Gly in Diès Canton, Gôh-Djiboua District, Ivory Coast (Bole-Richard 1983: 359).Bole-Richard, R. 1983a. Ega. In: Atlas des langues Kwa de Côte d’ivoire, Vol 1. ed. G. Herault. 359-401. Abidjan: ILA. Some villages are Broudougou, Gly, Dairo, Didizo, and Douzaroko.
The Ega people are increasing in number, though some are shifting to Dida through intermarriage.
Documentation
A language documentation fieldwork project on Ega was conducted by a team from Universität Bielefeld, Germany (Dafydd Gibbon) and Université Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (Firmin Ahoua) from 2000 to 2003 in cooperation with York University, Canada (Bruce Connell).Gibbon, Dafydd and Bow, Catherine and Bird, Steven and Hughes, Baden. 2004. Securing interpretability: the case of Ega language documentation. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2004, Evaluation and Language resources Distribution Agency (ELRA). pp.1369-1372.
Classification
Ega appears to be a divergent Western Kwa language within the Niger–Congo language family spoken in Ivory Coast. It does not appear to belong to any of the traditional branches of Niger–Congo. Blench (2017) classifies Ega as a Western Kwa language that has borrowed from Kru, Gur, and Mande.Blench, Roger. 2017. [https://www.academia.edu/33800011/The_Ega_language_of_Cote_dIvoire_how_can_it_be_classified The Ega language of Cote d'Ivoire: how can it be classified?]
Cultural and economic context
Like other Western Kwa languages, traditional story-telling among the Ega people has a fairly strict schedule: after an introduction by the narrator, a well-defined role in the village, the narration proceeds, punctuated by responder's interjection [sɛsɛ], and interspersed with song interludes with the call and response structure of work songs.
The economy of the Ega community is partly horticultural, partly dependent on plantation work. Hunting is practised with nets which are used to enclose an area of several hundred square meters, within which small game such as agouti (Thryonomys swinderianus) are cornered by a group of beaters. The nets resemble the local canoe trawling nets used on the southern Côte d'Ivoire coast about 100km further south, and possibly indicate a history of coastal migration.
Phonology
Ega has twenty-seven consonants. Its stops have a three-way contrast between voiceless, voiced, and implosive.
| class="IPA wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
| style="font-size:90%"
|+Consonant phonemesConnell, Bruce and Ahoua, Firmin and Gibbon, Dafydd. 2002. Illustrations of the IPA: Ega. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 32. 99–104. Cambridge University Press. ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ! rowspan="2" |Labial ! rowspan="2" |Alveolar ! colspan="3" |Dorsal |
| front |
|---|
| colspan="2" style="font-size:90%" |Nasal
|m |n |ɲ |ŋ | |
| rowspan="3" style="font-size:90%" |Plosive
|ɓ |ɗ |ʄ |ɠ |ɠɓ |
| voiced
|b |d |ɟ |ɡ |ɡb |
| voiceless
|p |t |c |k |kp |
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:90%" |Fricative
|v |z | | | |
| voiceless
|f |s | |x | |
| colspan="2" style="font-size:90%" |Approximant
| |l |j | |w |
There are nine vowels, with ATR contrast: /i̙/, /i̘/, /u̙/, /u̘/, /e̙/, /e̘/, /o̙/, /o̘/, and /a/.
There are three tones: high, mid, and low.
References
{{reflist}}
- Blench, Roger. 2004. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Kwa/Ega%20data.pdf The Ega Language of Côte d'Ivoire: Etymologies and Implications for Classification].
{{Kwa languages}}
{{Niger-Congo branches}}