Voiced labiodental plosive
{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨b̪⟩ in IPA}}
{{infobox IPA
|above=Voiced labiodental plosive
|ipa number=102 408
|ipa symbol=b̪
|ipa symbol2=ȸ
|decimal1=98|decimal2=810
|x-sampa=b_d
|kirshenbaum=b[
|braille=b
|braille2=6
|braille3=1456
}}
The voiced labiodental plosive or stop is a consonant sound produced like a {{IPA|[b]}}, but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in {{IPA|[v]}}. This can be represented in the IPA as {{angbr IPA|b̪}}. A separate symbol that is sometimes seen, especially in Bantu linguistics, but not recognized by the IPA, is the db ligature {{angbr IPA|ȸ}}.
The voiced labiodental plosive is not known to be phonemic in any language. However, it does occur allophonically:
In the Austronesian language Sika, this sound occurs as an allophone of the labiodental flap in careful pronunciation.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}
The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has affricates, {{IPA|[p̪͡f]}} (voiceless labiodental affricate) and {{IPA|[b̪͡v]}} (voiced labiodental affricate).
Features
Features of the "voiced labiodental stop":
{{plosive}}
{{labiodental}}
{{voiced}}
{{oral}}
{{central-lateral}}
{{pulmonic}}
Occurrence
class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes | |||||
Danish | Standard{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|p=27}} | {{lang|da|ved}} | {{IPA|[b̪̆e̝ːˀð̠˕ˠ]}} | 'know(s)' | Rather short; also described as an approximant {{IPAblink|ʋ}}. A rare alternative is a fricative {{IPAblink|v}}.{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|pp=27, 66}} See Danish phonology. |
colspan="2" | English | subversive | {{IPA|[sʌb̪ˈvɚsɪv]}} | 'subversive' | Common allophone of {{IPA|/b/}} before the labiodentals {{IPA|/f/}} and {{IPA|/v/}} (although it is also possible for the labiodentals to shift to bilabial {{IPA|[ɸ]}} and {{IPA|[β]}}, respectively, instead). | |
colspan="2" |Ibanag
|bavi |[bab̪ᵛiː] |ˈpig/pork' |Slightly affricated; allophonic variant of /v/ for some elderly speakers, especially those who lack front teeth. May be a flap /ⱱ/ instead. | |||||
colspan="2" | Sika{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} | colspan="2" | {{example needed|date=December 2018}} | Allophone of {{IPAslink|ⱱ}} in careful pronunciation. | |||
colspan="2" |Slovene
|{{lang|sl|ob vodi|italic=yes}} |{{IPA|[ob̪‿ˈʋɔ̀ːdí]}} |'by the water' |Allophone of {{IPA|/b/}} before {{IPA|/f, ʋ/}}. See Slovene phonology. |
Notes
{{Reflist}}
References
{{Refbegin}}
- {{Citation
|last=Basbøll
|first=Hans
|author-link=Hans Basbøll
|year=2005
|title=The Phonology of Danish
|publisher=OUP Oxford
|isbn=0-198-24268-9
}}
{{Refend}}
External links
- {{phoible|b̪}}
{{IPA navigation}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Voiced Labiodental stop}}
Category:Labiodental consonants
Category:Voiced oral consonants
{{Phonetics-stub}}