Voiced labiodental plosive

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨b̪⟩ in IPA}}

{{infobox IPA

|above=Voiced labiodental plosive

|ipa number=102 408

|ipa symbol=b̪

|ipa symbol2=ȸ

|decimal1=98|decimal2=810

|x-sampa=b_d

|kirshenbaum=b[

|braille=b

|braille2=6

|braille3=1456

}}

The voiced labiodental plosive or stop is a consonant sound produced like a {{IPA|[b]}}, but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in {{IPA|[v]}}. This can be represented in the IPA as {{angbr IPA|b̪}}. A separate symbol that is sometimes seen, especially in Bantu linguistics, but not recognized by the IPA, is the db ligature {{angbr IPA|ȸ}}.

The voiced labiodental plosive is not known to be phonemic in any language. However, it does occur allophonically:

In the Austronesian language Sika, this sound occurs as an allophone of the labiodental flap in careful pronunciation.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}

The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has affricates, {{IPA|[p̪͡f]}} (voiceless labiodental affricate) and {{IPA|[b̪͡v]}} (voiced labiodental affricate).

Features

150px

Features of the "voiced labiodental stop":

{{plosive}}

{{labiodental}}

{{voiced}}

{{oral}}

{{central-lateral}}

{{pulmonic}}

Occurrence

class="wikitable"

! colspan="2" | Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! Notes

DanishStandard{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|p=27}}{{lang|da|ved}}{{IPA|[b̪̆e̝ːˀð̠˕ˠ]}}'know(s)'Rather short; also described as an approximant {{IPAblink|ʋ}}. A rare alternative is a fricative {{IPAblink|v}}.{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005|pp=27, 66}} See Danish phonology.
colspan="2" | Englishsubversive{{IPA|[sʌb̪ˈvɚsɪv]}}'subversive'Common allophone of {{IPA|/b/}} before the labiodentals {{IPA|/f/}} and {{IPA|/v/}} (although it is also possible for the labiodentals to shift to bilabial {{IPA|[ɸ]}} and {{IPA|[β]}}, respectively, instead).
colspan="2" |Ibanag

|bavi

|[bab̪ᵛiː]

|ˈpig/pork'

|Slightly affricated; allophonic variant of /v/ for some elderly speakers, especially those who lack front teeth. May be a flap // instead.

colspan="2" | Sika{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}colspan="2" | {{example needed|date=December 2018}}Allophone of {{IPAslink|ⱱ}} in careful pronunciation.
colspan="2" |Slovene

|{{lang|sl|ob vodi|italic=yes}}

|{{IPA|[ob̪‿ˈʋɔ̀ːdí]}}

|'by the water'

|Allophone of {{IPA|/b/}} before {{IPA|/f, ʋ/}}. See Slovene phonology.

Notes

{{Reflist}}

References

{{Refbegin}}

  • {{Citation

|last=Basbøll

|first=Hans

|author-link=Hans Basbøll

|year=2005

|title=The Phonology of Danish

|publisher=OUP Oxford

|isbn=0-198-24268-9

}}

{{Refend}}