Voiced retroflex implosive

{{Short description|Consonantal sound}}

{{redirect|Retroflex implosive|the voiceless consonant|Voiceless retroflex implosive}}

{{infobox IPA

| ipa symbol = ᶑ

| decimal=7569

| imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x1D91.svg

| imagesize=150px

}}

The voiced retroflex implosive is a type of consonantal sound. Wadiyara Koli phonemically distinguishes it from the alveolar {{IPAslink|ɗ}}. Sindhi has an implosive that varies between dental and retroflex articulation, while Oromo, Saraiki and Ngad'a have {{IPA|/ᶑ /}} but not {{IPA|/ɗ/}}.In Mangbai {{IPA|/ɗ/}} may also be retroflex, but it appears to be a preglottalized {{IPA|[ʔ͡ɖ]}} rather than an implosive (Anonby 2008).

The 'implicit' symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is {{angbr IPA|ᶑ }} (a D with a tail for retroflex and a hook-top for implosive).Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, 1999, p. 166, 179.Kirk Miller & Michael Ashby, [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2020/20252r-mod-ipa-a.pdf L2/20-252R] Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic

Features

Features of the voiced retroflex implosive:

{{plosive}}

{{retroflex}}

{{voiced}}

{{oral}}

{{central articulation}}

{{implosive}}

Occurrence

class=wikitable

!colspan=2|Language

!Word

!IPA

!Meaning

!Notes

colspan=2|Marwari{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}

|{{lang|mwr-Deva|कहिं}} / {{lang|mwr-Arab|کڏہ‎ں}}

|{{IPA|[kaᶑahin]}}

|

|

colspan=2|Ngadha

|{{lang|nxg|modhe}}

|{{IPA|[ˈmoᶑe]}}

|'good'

|

colspan=2|Oromo

|{{lang|om|dhuma}}

|{{IPA|[ᶑʊmɐ]}}

|'end'

|

colspan=2| Parkari Koli

|{{lang|kvx|{{script/Arabic|مڏيو}}}}

| {{IPA|[maᶑiuː]}}

| 'he said'

colspan=2|Saraiki

|{{lang|skr|ݙاک}}

|{{IPA|[ᶑak]}}

|'mail'

|Either apical or subapical, place of articulation is more forward than
for the retroflex stops, does not contrast with a dental implosive{{Cite book| last = Shackle| first = Christopher| author-link = Christopher Shackle| title = The Siraiki language of central Pakistan : a reference grammar| date = 1976| location = London| publisher = School of Oriental and African Studies| pages = 22–23}}

colspan=2|Wadiyara Koli

| colspan=3 align=center | {{example needed|date=November 2022}}

| Contrasts /ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ/.

See also

References

{{reflist}}