Voiced retroflex nasal

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɳ⟩ in IPA}}

{{redirect|Retroflex nasal|the voiceless consonant|Voiceless retroflex nasal}}

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=ɳ

|ipa number=117

|decimal=627

|x-sampa=n`

|kirshenbaum=n.

|braille=256

|braille2=1345

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0273.svg

|imagesize=150px

}}

The voiced retroflex nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|ɳ }}, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is n`.

Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of an en (the letter used for the corresponding alveolar consonant). It is similar to {{angbr IPA|ɲ}}, the letter for the palatal nasal, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the left stem, and to {{angbr IPA|ŋ}}, the letter for the velar nasal, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem.

Features

150px

Features of the voiced retroflex nasal:

Occurrence

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2"\|Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \| Banglali{{cite book \|first=Suniti Kumar \|last=Chatterji \|author-link=Suniti Kumar Chatterji \|publication-date=1926 \|title=The Origin and Development of the Bangla Language \|year=1926 \|publisher=Calcutta University Press \|location=Calcutta \|url=https://archive.org/details/OriginDevelopmentOfBengali \|volume=1 \|page=269}}				Rare; occurs in the extreme western dialects
colspan="2" \| Enindhilyagwa	{{lang\|aoi\|yingarna}}	{{IPA\|[jiŋaɳa]}}	'snake'
colspan="2" \| Faroese	{{lang\|fo\|ørn}}	{{IPA\|[œɻɳ]}}	'eagle'
colspan="2" \| Hindi	{{lang\|hi\|ठण्डा}}/{{Transliteration\|hi\|ṭhaṇḍā}}	{{IPA\|[ʈʰəɳɖaː]}}	'cold'
colspan="2" \| Kannada	{{lang\|kn\|ಅಣೆ}}/{{Transliteration\|kn\|aṇe}}	{{IPA\|[ɐɳe]}}	'dam'
rowspan="2" \| Khanty	Eastern dialects	rowspan="2" \| {{lang\|kca\|eṇə}}	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[eɳə]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'large'	rowspan="2" \|
Some northern dialects
colspan="2" \| Malayalam{{Harvcoltxt\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=165}}	{{lang\|ml\|അണ}}/{{Transliteration\|ml\|aṇa}}	{{IPA\|[ɐɳɐ]}}	'jaw'
colspan="2" \| Marathi	{{lang\|mr\|बाण}}/{{Transliteration\|mr\|bāṇa}}	{{IPA\|[baːɳ]}}	'arrow'	Often realized as a flap in intervocalic and word-final positions. See Marathi phonology
colspan="2" \| Nepali	{{lang\|Ne\|अण्डा}}/{{Transliteration\|ne\|aṇḍā}}	{{IPA\|[ʌɳɖä]}}	'egg'	See Nepali phonology
colspan="2" \| Norwegian	{{lang\|no\|garn}}	{{Audio-IPA\|sv-garn.ogg\|[ɡɑːɳ]}}	'yarn'	See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" \| Odia	{{lang\|or\|ବଣି}}/{{Transliteration\|or\|baṇi}}	{{IPA\|[bɔɳi]}}	'old'
colspan="2" \| Pashto	{{lang\|ps\|اتڼ\|rtl=yes}}/{{Transliteration\|ps\|Ataṇ}}	{{Audio-IPA\|اتڼ.ogg\|[at̪aɳ]}}	'Attan'
rowspan="2" \| Punjabi \| Gurmukhi \| {{lang\|pa\|ਪੁਰਾਣਾ}}/{{Transliteration\|pa\|purāṇā}} \| rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[pʊraːɳaː]}} \| rowspan="2" \| 'old' \| rowspan="2" \|
Shahmukhi \| {{lang\|pa-Arab\|پُراݨا\|rtl=yes}}/{{Transliteration\|pa\|purāṇā}}
Scottish Gaelic	Lewis{{sfnp\|Oftedal\|1956\|p=76}}	{{lang\|gd\|iutharn}}	{{IPA\|[ˈjʊhʊɳ]}}	'hell'	Dialectal realisation of {{IPA\|/rˠn̪ˠ/}}.
Swedish	Central Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Eliasson\|1986\|pp=278–279}}	{{lang\|sv\|garn}}	{{Audio-IPA\|sv-garn.ogg\|[ɡɑːɳ]}}	'yarn'	See Swedish phonology
colspan="2" \| Tamil{{Harvcoltxt\|Keane\|2004\|p=111}}	{{lang\|ta\|அணல்}}/{{Transliteration\|ta\|aṇal}}	{{IPA\|[aɳal]}}	'neck'	See Tamil phonology
colspan="2" \| Telugu	{{lang\|te\|గొణుగు}}/{{Transliteration\|te\|goṇugu}}	{{IPA\|[goɳugu]}}	'murmur'	Occurs as allophone of anuswara when followed by Voiced retroflex plosives.
colspan="2" \| Vietnamese{{Harvcoltxt\|Thompson\|1959\|pp=458–461}}	{{lang\|vi\|anh trả}}	{{IPA\|[aɳ˧ ʈa˨˩˦]}}	'you pay'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/n/}} before {{IPA\|/ʈ/}} in Saigon dialect. See Vietnamese phonology

Voiced retroflex nasal flap

{{Infobox IPA

| above = Retroflex nasal flap

| ipa symbol = ɽ̃

| ipa symbol2 = ɳ̆

}}

= Features =

Features of the retroflex nasal tap or flap:

=Occurrence=

class=wikitable !Language !Word !IPA !Meaning !Notes
Hindi	{{lang\|hi\|गणेश}} {{transliteration\|hi\|IAST\|Gaṇeśa}}	{{IPA\|[ɡəɽ̃eːʃ]}}	{{gloss\|Ganesha}}	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɳ/}} when not in clusters
Ndrumbea{{cite journal \|last=Gordon \|first=Matthew \|first2=Ian \|last2=Maddieson \|date=October 1995 \|title=The phonetics of Ndumbea \|journal=UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics \|issue=91 \|pages=25–44 \|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h25w3h3}} \|broad transcription \|narrow transcription \|'to run' \|Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɽ/}} before a nasal vowel
Kangri{{sfn\|Eaton\|2008\|p=32}} \|{{lang\|xnr\|न्ह़ौणा}} \|{{IPA\|[nɔ̌ɽ̃ɑ]}} \|{{gloss\|to bathe}} \|

Notes

References

{{cite thesis

|last=Eaton

|first=Robert D.

|date=May 2008

|title=Kangri in Context: An Areal Perspective

|type=PhD dissertation

|publisher=University of Texas

|location=Arlington

|hdl=10106/945

|hdl-access=free

}}

{{citation

|last=Eliasson

|first=Stig

|editor-last=Anderson

|editor-first=Henning

|year=1986

|chapter= Sandhi in Peninsular Scandinavian

|title=Sandhi Phenomena in the Languages of Europe

|place=Berlin

|publisher=de Gruyter

|pages=271–300

}}

{{citation

|last = Keane

|first = Elinor

|year= 2004

|title=Tamil

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=34

|issue=1

|pages=111–116

|doi = 10.1017/S0025100304001549

|doi-access=free

}}

{{citation

|last=Ladefoged

|first=Peter

|author-link=Peter Ladefoged

|year=2005

|title=Vowels and Consonants

|edition=Second

|publisher=Blackwell

}}

{{citation

|last=Oftedal

|first=M.

|year=1956

|title=The Gaelic of Leurbost

|location=Oslo

|publisher=Norsk Tidskrift for Sprogvidenskap

}}

{{citation

|last=Thompson

|first=Laurence

|year=1959

|title=Saigon phonemics

|journal=Language

|volume=35

|issue=3

|pages=454–476

|doi=10.2307/411232

|jstor=411232

}}

External links

{{phoible|ɳ}}

Category:Retroflex consonants

Category:Nasal consonants

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Voiced consonants

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2"\|Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \| Banglali{{cite book \|first=Suniti Kumar \|last=Chatterji \|author-link=Suniti Kumar Chatterji \|publication-date=1926 \|title=The Origin and Development of the Bangla Language \|year=1926 \|publisher=Calcutta University Press \|location=Calcutta \|url=https://archive.org/details/OriginDevelopmentOfBengali \|volume=1 \|page=269}}				Rare; occurs in the extreme western dialects
colspan="2" \| Enindhilyagwa	{{lang\|aoi\|yingarna}}	{{IPA\|[jiŋaɳa]}}	'snake'
colspan="2" \| Faroese	{{lang\|fo\|ørn}}	{{IPA\|[œɻɳ]}}	'eagle'
colspan="2" \| Hindi	{{lang\|hi\|ठण्डा}}/{{Transliteration\|hi\|ṭhaṇḍā}}	{{IPA\|[ʈʰəɳɖaː]}}	'cold'
colspan="2" \| Kannada	{{lang\|kn\|ಅಣೆ}}/{{Transliteration\|kn\|aṇe}}	{{IPA\|[ɐɳe]}}	'dam'
rowspan="2" \| Khanty	Eastern dialects	rowspan="2" \| {{lang\|kca\|eṇə}}	rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[eɳə]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'large'	rowspan="2" \|
Some northern dialects
colspan="2" \| Malayalam{{Harvcoltxt\|Ladefoged\|2005\|p=165}}	{{lang\|ml\|അണ}}/{{Transliteration\|ml\|aṇa}}	{{IPA\|[ɐɳɐ]}}	'jaw'
colspan="2" \| Marathi	{{lang\|mr\|बाण}}/{{Transliteration\|mr\|bāṇa}}	{{IPA\|[baːɳ]}}	'arrow'	Often realized as a flap in intervocalic and word-final positions. See Marathi phonology
colspan="2" \| Nepali	{{lang\|Ne\|अण्डा}}/{{Transliteration\|ne\|aṇḍā}}	{{IPA\|[ʌɳɖä]}}	'egg'	See Nepali phonology
colspan="2" \| Norwegian	{{lang\|no\|garn}}	{{Audio-IPA\|sv-garn.ogg\|[ɡɑːɳ]}}	'yarn'	See Norwegian phonology
colspan="2" \| Odia	{{lang\|or\|ବଣି}}/{{Transliteration\|or\|baṇi}}	{{IPA\|[bɔɳi]}}	'old'
colspan="2" \| Pashto	{{lang\|ps\|اتڼ\|rtl=yes}}/{{Transliteration\|ps\|Ataṇ}}	{{Audio-IPA\|اتڼ.ogg\|[at̪aɳ]}}	'Attan'
rowspan="2" \| Punjabi \| Gurmukhi \| {{lang\|pa\|ਪੁਰਾਣਾ}}/{{Transliteration\|pa\|purāṇā}} \| rowspan="2" \| {{IPA\|[pʊraːɳaː]}} \| rowspan="2" \| 'old' \| rowspan="2" \|
Shahmukhi \| {{lang\|pa-Arab\|پُراݨا\|rtl=yes}}/{{Transliteration\|pa\|purāṇā}}
Scottish Gaelic	Lewis{{sfnp\|Oftedal\|1956\|p=76}}	{{lang\|gd\|iutharn}}	{{IPA\|[ˈjʊhʊɳ]}}	'hell'	Dialectal realisation of {{IPA\|/rˠn̪ˠ/}}.
Swedish	Central Standard{{Harvcoltxt\|Eliasson\|1986\|pp=278–279}}	{{lang\|sv\|garn}}	{{Audio-IPA\|sv-garn.ogg\|[ɡɑːɳ]}}	'yarn'	See Swedish phonology
colspan="2" \| Tamil{{Harvcoltxt\|Keane\|2004\|p=111}}	{{lang\|ta\|அணல்}}/{{Transliteration\|ta\|aṇal}}	{{IPA\|[aɳal]}}	'neck'	See Tamil phonology
colspan="2" \| Telugu	{{lang\|te\|గొణుగు}}/{{Transliteration\|te\|goṇugu}}	{{IPA\|[goɳugu]}}	'murmur'	Occurs as allophone of anuswara when followed by Voiced retroflex plosives.
colspan="2" \| Vietnamese{{Harvcoltxt\|Thompson\|1959\|pp=458–461}}	{{lang\|vi\|anh trả}}	{{IPA\|[aɳ˧ ʈa˨˩˦]}}	'you pay'	Allophone of {{IPA\|/n/}} before {{IPA\|/ʈ/}} in Saigon dialect. See Vietnamese phonology

class=wikitable !Language !Word !IPA !Meaning !Notes
Hindi	{{lang\|hi\|गणेश}} {{transliteration\|hi\|IAST\|Gaṇeśa}}	{{IPA\|[ɡəɽ̃eːʃ]}}	{{gloss\|Ganesha}}	Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɳ/}} when not in clusters
Ndrumbea{{cite journal \|last=Gordon \|first=Matthew \|first2=Ian \|last2=Maddieson \|date=October 1995 \|title=The phonetics of Ndumbea \|journal=UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics \|issue=91 \|pages=25–44 \|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3h25w3h3}} \|broad transcription \|narrow transcription \|'to run' \|Allophone of {{IPA\|/ɽ/}} before a nasal vowel
Kangri{{sfn\|Eaton\|2008\|p=32}} \|{{lang\|xnr\|न्ह़ौणा}} \|{{IPA\|[nɔ̌ɽ̃ɑ]}} \|{{gloss\|to bathe}} \|