Voiceless labiodental fricative

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨f⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=f

|ipa number=128

|decimal1=102

|x-sampa=f

|kirshenbaum=f

|braille=f

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0066.svg

}}

{{Infobox IPA

|above=Voiceless labiodental approximant

|ipa symbol=ʋ̥

|ipa number=150 402A

|xsampa=P_0

|soundfile=

}}

The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in a number of spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|f}}.

Some scholars also posit the voiceless labiodental approximant distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as {{angbr IPA|ʋ̥}}.

Features

Features of the voiceless labiodental fricative:

{{fricative}}

{{labiodental}}

{{voiceless short}}

{{oral}}

{{central–lateral}}

{{pulmonic}}

{{clear}}

Occurrence

class="wikitable"

!colspan=2| Language !! Word !! IPA !! Meaning !! style="width:50%;" | Notes

colspan=2| Abkhaz{{lang|ab|фы}}/fy{{IPA|[fə]}}'lightning'See Abkhaz phonology
colspan=2| Adyghe{{lang|kbd-Cyrl|тфы}}/tfy{{Audio-IPA|Tfa.ogg|[tfə]}}'five'Corresponds to [xʷ] in Kabardian and Proto-Circassian
colspan=2| Albanian{{lang|sq|faqe}}{{IPA|[facɛ]}}'cheek'
ArabicModern Standard{{sfnp|Thelwall|1990|p=37}}{{lang|ar|ظرف|rtl=yes}}/th'arf{{IPA|[ðˤɑrf]}}'envelope'See Arabic phonology
ArmenianEastern{{sfnp|Dum-Tragut|2009|p=18}}{{lang|hy|ֆուտբոլ}}/futbol{{Audio-IPA|futbol.ogg|[fut̪bol]}}'football'
colspan=2| Assyrianܦܬܐ pata{{IPA|[fɔθɔ]}}'face'Used mostly by Western speakers; corresponds to {{IPA|/p/}} in most other dialects.
colspan=2| Assamese{{lang|as|বৰ}}/borof{{IPA|[bɔɹɔf]}}'snow/ice'
colspan=2| Azerifəng{{IPA|[t̪y̆fæɲɟ]}}'ɡun'
colspan=2| Basque{{lang|bas|fin}}{{IPA|[fin]}}'thin'
colspan="2" | Bengali{{lang|bn|ফু}}/ful{{IPA|[ful]}}'flower'Allophone of {{IPA|/pʰ/}}. See Bengali phonology
colspan=2| Catalan{{sfnp|Carbonell|Llisterri|1992|p=53}}{{lang|ca|fort}}{{IPA|[ˈfɔɾt]}}'strong'See Catalan phonology
colspan=2| Chechen{{lang|ce-Cyrl|факс}} / {{lang|ce-Latn|faks}}{{IPA|[faks]}}'fax'Used only in loanwords. There is no /f/ in Chechen; /f/ was replaced by /p/ in loanwords that contained it before increased influence from the Russian language popularized the usage of /f/.
rowspan=2| ChineseCantonese{{lang|zh-Hani|}} / {{lang|cmn-Latn|fēi}}{{Audio-IPA|Yue-fei1.ogg|[fei̯˥]|help=no}}rowspan=2| 'to fly'See Cantonese phonology
Mandarin{{lang|cmn-Hani|}} (traditional) / (simplified) / {{lang|cmn-Latn|fēi}}{{Audio-IPA|Zh-fēi.ogg|[feɪ̯˥]|help=no}}See Mandarin phonology
colspan=2| Coptic{{lang|cop|ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ}}/ftoow{{IPA|[ftow]}}'four'
colspan=2| Czech{{lang|cs|foukat}}{{IPA|[ˈfoʊ̯kat]}}'to blow'See Czech phonology
colspan=2| Dutch{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|1992|p=45}}{{lang|nl|fiets}}{{IPA|[fiːts]}}'bike'See Dutch phonology
rowspan="7" | EnglishAll dialectsfill{{Audio-IPA|fill-pronunciation-audio.ogg|[fɪɫ]|help=no}}'fill'See English phonology
Cockney{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=328}}rowspan=4| thinkrowspan=4| {{IPA|[fɪŋk]}}rowspan=4| 'think'rowspan="4" | Socially marked,{{sfnp|Altendorf|1999|p=7}} with speakers exhibiting some free variation with {{IPAblink|θ}} (with which it corresponds to in other dialects).{{sfnp|Clark|Trousdale|2010|p=309}} See th-fronting.
Many British urban dialects{{sfnp|Britain|2005|p=1005}}
Some younger East Anglian English
Some younger New Zealanders{{sfnp|Wood|2003|p=50}}{{sfnp|Gordon|Maclagan|2008|p=74}}
Broad South African{{sfnp|Bowerman|2004|p=939}}myth

|[mɨf]

|'myth'

|Possible realization of /θ/, more common word-finally. See White SAE phonology.

Indian South African{{sfnp|Mesthrie|2004|p=960}}

|fair

|{{IPA|[ʋ̥eː]}}

|'fair'

|Described as an approximant. Corresponds to {{IPA|/f/}} in other accents.

colspan="2" | Esperanto{{lang|eo|fajro}}{{IPA|[ˈfajɾo]}}'fire'See Esperanto phonology
colspan=2| Ewe{{sfnp|Ladefoged|2005|p=156}}{{lang|ee-Latn|eflen}}{{IPA|[éflé̃]}}'he spit off'
colspan=2| French{{sfnp|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}}{{lang|fr|fabuleuse}}{{IPA|[fäbyˈløːz̪]}}'fabulous'See French phonology
colspan=2| Galician{{lang|gl|faísca}}{{IPA|[faˈiska]}}'spark'See Galician phonology
colspan=2| German{{lang|de|fade}}{{IPA|[ˈfaːdə]}}'bland'See Standard German phonology
colspan=2| Goemaif'at'

|[fat]

'to blow'
colspan=2| Greek{{lang|el|φύση / fysī}}{{IPA|[ˈfisi]}}'nature'See Modern Greek phonology
colspan=2| Gujarati{{lang|gu|}} / {{lang|gu-Latn|faļ}}{{IPA|[fəɭ]}}'fruit'See Gujarati phonology
colspan=2| Hebrew{{lang|he|סופר|rtl=yes}}/sofer{{IPA|[so̞fe̞ʁ]}}'writer'See Modern Hebrew phonology
colspan=2| Hindustani{{lang|hi|साफ़}} / {{lang|ur|صاف|rtl=yes}}/saaf{{IPA|[sɑːf]}}'clean'See Hindustani phonology
colspan=2| Hmong{{script|Hmng|𖬌𖬜𖬵}} / {{lang|hmn|foob}}{{IPA|[fõ˦]}}'to sue, to indict'
colspan=2| Hungarian{{lang|hu|figyel}}{{IPA|[ˈfiɟɛl]}}'he/she pays attention'See Hungarian phonology
colspan=2| Indonesian{{lang|id|fajar}}{{IPA|[fadʒar]}}'dawn'See Indonesian phonology
colspan=2| Italian{{lang|it|fantasma}}{{IPA|[fän̪ˈt̪äzmä]}}'ghost'See Italian phonology
colspan=2| Kabardian{{lang|kbd-Cyrl|фыз}}/fyz{{IPA|[fəz]}}'woman'Corresponds to [ʂʷ] in Adyghe and Proto-Circassian
colspan=2| Kabyle{{lang|kab|afus}}{{IPA|[afus]}}'hand' |
colspan=2| Kazakhfaqır / фақыр{{IPA|[faqr]}}'poor'
colspan="2" | Khmer{{lang|km|កាហ្វេ}} / {{Transliteration|km|kahvé}}{{IPA|[kaːfeː]}}'coffee'See Khmer phonology
colspan=2| Macedonian{{lang|mk|фонетика}}/fonetika{{IPA|[fɔnetika]}}'phonetics'See Macedonian phonology
colspan=2| Māori{{lang|mi-Latn|whakapapa}}{{IPA|[fakapapa]}}'genealogy'Less commonly {{IPAblink|ɸ}}. See Māori phonology.
colspan=2| Malay{{lang|ms|feri}}{{IPA|[feri]}}'ferry'Only occurs in loanwords
colspan=2| Malayalam

| {{lang|ml|ലം}}/falam

| {{IPA|[fɐlɐm]}}

| 'fruit, result'

| Only occurs in loanwords in the standard version. ഫ is used to represent both /pʰ/ and /f/ but nowadays most people pronounce /pʰ/ as [f]. Occurs in native words in the Jeseri dialect.

colspan=2| Maltese{{lang|no|fenek}}{{IPA|[fenek]}}'rabbit'
colspan=2| Norwegian{{lang|no|filter}}{{IPA|[filtɛɾ]}}'filter'See Norwegian phonology
colspan=2| Persian{{lang|fa|فروخت}}/foruxt{{IPA|[foɹu:xt]}}'he/she sold'See Persian phonology
colspan=2| Polish{{sfnp|Jassem|2003|p=103}}{{lang|pl|futro}}{{Audio-IPA|Pl-futro.ogg|[ˈfut̪rɔ]}}'fur'See Polish phonology
colspan=2| Portuguese{{sfnp|Cruz-Ferreira|1995|p=91}}{{lang|pt|fala}}{{IPA|[ˈfalɐ]}}'speech'See Portuguese phonology
colspan=2| Punjabiਫ਼ੌਜੀ/faujī{{IPA|[fɔːd͡ʒi]}}'soldier'
colspan=2| RomanianDEX Online : [http://dexonline.ro/search.php?cuv=f]{{lang|ro|foc}}{{IPA|[fo̞k]}}'fire'See Romanian phonology
colspan=2| Russian{{sfnp|Padgett|2003|p=42}}{{lang|ru|орфография}}/orfografiya{{IPA|[ɐrfɐˈɡrafʲɪjə]}}'orthography'Contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
colspan="2" | Scottish Gaelic{{sfnp|Oftedal|1956|p=111}}{{lang|gd|faisg}}{{IPA|[faʃkʲ]}}'near, close'Loosely articulated, can resemble {{IPAblink|ɸ}}. See Scottish Gaelic phonology
colspan="2" | Serbo-Croatian{{sfnp|Landau|Lončarića|Horga|Škarić|1999|p=67}}{{lang|sh-Cyrl|фаза}} / {{lang|sh-Latn|faza}}{{IPA|[fǎːz̪ä]}}'phase'See Serbo-Croatian phonology
colspan=2| Slovak{{lang|sk|fúkať}}{{IPA|[ˈfu̞ːkäc]}}'to blow'See Slovak phonology
rowspan="2" |Slovene

|Standard

|{{lang|sl|flavta|italic=yes}}

|{{IPA|[ˈfláːu̯t̪à]}}

|'flute'

|See Slovene phonology

Some dialects

|{{lang|sl|vsi|italic=yes}}

|{{IPA|[ˈfs̪î]}}

|'all (people)'

|Allophone of {{IPA|/v/}} before voiceless obstruents in dialects with {{IPA|/ʋ/}} → {{IPA|/v/}} development. See Slovene phonology

colspan=2| Somali{{lang|so|feex}}{{IPA|[fɛħ]}}'wart'See Somali phonology
colspan=2| Spanish{{sfnp|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=255}}{{lang|es|fantasma}}{{IPA|[fã̠n̪ˈt̪a̠zma̠]}}'ghost'See Spanish phonology
colspan=2| Swahili{{lang|sw|kufa}}{{IPA|[kufɑ]}}'to die'
colspan=2| Swedish{{lang|sv|fisk}}{{IPA|[ˈfɪsk]}}'fish'See Swedish phonology
colspan=2| Thai{{lang|th|}}/fon{{IPA|[fon˩˩˦]}}'rain'
colspan=2| Toda

| nes̲of

| {{IPA|[nes̲of]}}

| 'moon'

|

colspan=2| Turkish{{lang|tr|saf}}{{IPA|[ˈs̟ɑf]}}'pure'See Turkish phonology
colspan=2| Ukrainian{{sfnp|Danylenko|Vakulenko|1995|p=4}}{{lang|uk|Фастів}}/fastiv{{IPA|[ˈfɑsʲtʲiw]}}'Fastiv'See Ukrainian phonology
colspan=2| Vietnamese{{sfnp|Thompson|1959|pp=458–461}}{{lang|vi|pháo}}{{IPA|[faːw˧ˀ˥]}}'firecracker'See Vietnamese phonology
colspan=2| Welsh{{lang|cy|ffon}}{{IPA|[fɔn]}}'stick'See Welsh phonology
colspan=2| West Frisian{{lang|fy|fol}}{{IPA|[foɫ]}}'full'See West Frisian phonology
colspan=2| Yi{{lang|ii|}} / {{lang|ii|fu}}{{IPA|[fu˧]}}'roast'
ZapotecTilquiapan{{sfnp|Merrill|2008|p=109}}cafe{{IPA|[kafɘ]}}'coffee'Used primarily in loanwords from Spanish

See also

Notes

{{reflist|20em}}xw Weer

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