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Voiceless palatal lateral fricative

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨𝼆⟩ or ⟨ʎ̝̊⟩ in IPA}}

{{more footnotes needed|date=June 2018}}

{{infobox IPA

|above=Voiceless palatal lateral fricative

|ipa symbol=𝼆

|ipa symbol2=ʎ̥˔

|decimal1=122630

|imagefile=IPA Unicode 1xDF06.svg

|imagesize=150px

}}

{{Infobox IPA

|above=Voiceless palatal lateral approximant

|ipa symbol=ʎ̥

|ipa number=157 402A

|xsampa=L_0

|soundfile=

}}

The voiceless palatal lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in a few spoken languages.

This sound is somewhat rare; Dahalo has both a palatal lateral fricative and an affricate; Hadza has a series of palatal lateral affricates. In Bura, it is the realization of palatalized {{IPA|/ɬʲ/}} and contrasts with {{IPA|[ʎ]}}.

The extensions to the IPA transcribes this sound with the letter {{angbr IPA|𝼆}} ({{angbr IPA|ʎ}} with a belt, analogous to {{angbr_IPA|ɬ}} for the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative), which was added to Unicode in 2021.

If distinction is necessary, the voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative may be transcribed as {{angbr IPA|ɬ̠ʲ}} (retracted and palatalized {{angbr IPA|ɬ}}) or as advanced {{angbr IPA|𝼆̟}}; these are essentially equivalent, since the contact includes both the blade and body (but not the tip) of the tongue. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are K_-_j or K_-' and L_0_+_r, respectively. A non-IPA letter {{angbr IPA|ȴ̊˔}} (devoiced and raised {{angbr IPA|ȴ}}, which is an ordinary "l", plus the curl found in the symbols for alveolo-palatal sibilant fricatives {{angle brackets|{{IPA link|ɕ}}, {{IPA link|ʑ}}}}) can be used.

Some scholars also posit a voiceless palatal lateral approximant distinct from the fricative. The approximant may be represented in the IPA as {{angbr IPA|ʎ̥}}.

Features

Features of the voiceless palatal lateral fricative:

{{fricative}}

{{palatal}}

{{voiceless short}}

{{oral}}

{{lateral}}

{{pulmonic}}

Occurrence

class="wikitable"

!colspan=2| Language

! Word

! IPA

! Meaning

! Notes

colspan=2| Bura

|{{example needed|date=June 2018}}

|

|

| Contrasts with /l, ʎ, ɬ, ɮ, ʎ̝̊/.

colspan=2| Dahalo

|colspan=2 align=center| {{IPA|[𝼆aːbu]}}

| 'leaf'

| Contrasts with {{IPAblink|ɬ}} and {{IPA|[ɬʷ]}}

colspan=2 | Faroese{{sfnp|Árnason|2011|p=115}}

| {{lang|fo|kjálki}}

| {{IPA|[ˈt͡ʃʰaʎ̥t͡ʃɪ]}}

| 'jaw'

| Allophone of {{IPA|/l/}}.{{sfnp|Árnason|2011|p=115}} See Faroese phonology

rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Inupiaq{{sfnp|MacLean|1980|p=XX}}

| {{lang|ik|sikł̣aq}}

| {{IPA|[sik𝼆̟ɑq]}}

| 'pickaxe'

| rowspan=2 | Alveolo-palatal;{{sfnp|MacLean|1980|p=XX}} also described as an approximant.{{sfnp|Kaplan|1981|p=29}} Contrasts with voiceless {{IPAslink|ɬ}} and voiced {{IPAslink|ʎ}} and {{IPAslink|l}}.

{{lang|ik|nuiŋił̣ł̣uni}}

| {{IPA|[nuiŋi𝼆̟ːuni]}}

| 'because it did not appear'

colspan=2 | Kumeyaay{{sfnp|Langdon|1966|p=33}}

| {{lang|dih|kałyəxwiiw}}

| {{IPA|[kɑ𝼆əxʷeːw]}}

| 'skunk'

| Rare in word-initial position.{{sfnp|Langdon|1966|p=33}} Contrasts with voiceless {{IPAslink|ɬ}} and voiced {{IPAslink|ʎ}} and {{IPAslink|l}}.

rowspan=2 | Norwegian

| Trondheim subdialect of Trøndersk{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=37}}

| {{lang|no|alt}}

| {{IPA|[ɑʎ̥t]}}

| 'everything, all'

| Allophone of {{IPA|/ʎ/}} before {{IPA|/c/}}.{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=37}} See Norwegian phonology

Some subdialects of Trøndersk{{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=37}}

| {{lang|no|tatle}}

| {{IPA|[tɑʎ̥]}}

| 'acting silly'

| According to some scholars,Such as {{Harvcoltxt|Vanvik|1979}}An example of a scholar disagreeing with this position is {{Harvcoltxt|Scholtz|2009}}. On page 15, she provides a phoneme chart for Trøndersk, in which {{IPA|/ʎ/}} is included. Under the phoneme chart she writes "Vanvik also lists {{IPA|/ʎ̥/}} as an underlying phoneme, but that’s ridiculous." She provides no further explanation for that. it is a phoneme that contrasts with {{IPA|/ʎ/}} (as in {{IPA|/tɑʎ/}} 'softwood'.){{sfnp|Vanvik|1979|p=37}} See Norwegian phonology

colspan=2 | Scottish Gaelic{{sfnp|Mac Gill-Fhinnein|1966|p=11}}

| {{lang|no|coilltean}}

| {{IPA|[ˈkʰɤiʎ̥tʲən]}}

| 'woods'

| Allophone of {{IPA|/ʎ/}} before {{IPA|/tʲ/}}.{{sfnp|Mac Gill-Fhinnein|1966|p=11}}

colspan=2| Turkish{{sfnp|Zimmer|Orgun|1999|pp=154–155}}

| {{lang|tr|dil}}

| {{IPA|[ˈd̟iʎ̟̊]}}

| 'tongue'

| Devoiced allophone of alveolo-palatal {{IPA|/l/}}, frequent finally and before voiceless consonants.{{sfnp|Zimmer|Orgun|1999|pp=154–155}} See Turkish phonology

rowspan=2 | Xumi

| Lower{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|2013|pp=365, 367–368}}

| colspan=2 align=center | {{IPA|[ʎ̥˖o˦]}}

| 'spirit'

| rowspan=2 | Described as an approximant. Alveolo-palatal; contrasts with the voiced {{IPA|/ʎ/}}.{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|2013|pp=365, 367–368}}{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|Kocjančič Antolík|2013|pp=382–383}}

Upper{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|Kocjančič Antolík|2013|pp=382–383}}

| colspan=2 align=center | {{IPA|[ʎ̥˖ɛ˦]}}

| 'flavorless'

Notes

{{reflist}}

References

{{refbegin}}

  • {{citation

|last=Árnason

|first=Kristján

|title=The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese

|year=2011

|publisher=Oxford University Press

|isbn=978-0-19-922931-4

}}

  • {{citation

|last1=Chirkova

|first1=Katia

|last2=Chen

|first2=Yiya

|year=2013

|title=Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=43

|issue=3

|pages=363–379

|doi=10.1017/S0025100313000157

|doi-access=free

}}

  • {{citation

|last1=Chirkova

|first1=Katia

|last2=Chen

|first2=Yiya

|last3=Kocjančič Antolík

|first3=Tanja

|year=2013

|title=Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=43

|issue=3

|pages=381–396

|doi=10.1017/S0025100313000169

|doi-access=free

}}

  • {{citation

|last=Grønnum

|first=Nina

|year=2005

|title=Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk

|edition=3rd

|publisher=Akademisk Forlag

|place=Copenhagen

|isbn=87-500-3865-6

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9RtCAgAAQBAJ

}}

  • {{citation

|last=Mac Gill-Fhinnein

|first=Gòrdan

|year=1966

|title=Gàidhlig Uidhist a Deas

|publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

|place=Dublin

|isbn=978-1-85500-215-9

}}

  • {{Cite thesis |last=Langdon |first=Margaret |title=A Grammar of Diegueño: The Mesa Grande Dialect |degree=PhD |publisher=University of California |url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/08t8n3db#page-34 |year=1966 |location=Berkeley}}
  • {{citation

| last =MacLean

| first =Edna Ahgeak

| year =1980

| title =Iñupiallu Tanņiḷḷu Uqaluņisa Iḷaņich = Abridged Iñupiaq and English Dictionary

| publisher =Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska

| publication-place =Fairbanks, Alaska

| page =xvii-xx

| url =http://www.uafanlc.arsc.edu/data/Online/IN(N)971M1981/maclean-1981-inupiaq_dictionary.pdf

| accessdate =20 December 2017

}}

  • {{citation

| last =Kaplan

| first =Lawrence D.

| year =1981

| title =Phonological Issues in North Alaskan Inupiaq

| publisher =Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska

| publication-place =Fairbanks, Alaska

| pages =21–29

| url =http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED398760.pdf

| accessdate =20 December 2017

}}

  • {{citation

|last=Scholtz

|first=Anna

|year=2009

|title=A phonetic study of the status of three mergers in the Trøndersk dialect of Norwegian

|publisher=Williams College

|place=Williamstown, Massachusetts

|url=http://sanders.phonologist.org/Papers/scholtz-thesis.pdf

}}

  • {{citation

|last=Vanvik

|first=Arne

|year=1979

|title=Norsk fonetikk

|publisher=Universitetet i Oslo

|place=Oslo

|isbn=82-990584-0-6

}}

  • {{citation

|last=Zimmer

|first=Karl

|last2=Orgun

|first2=Orhan

|year=1999

|chapter=Turkish

|title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet

|place=Cambridge

|publisher=Cambridge University Press

|isbn=0-521-65236-7

|pages=154–158

}}

{{refend}}

See also

External links

  • {{phoible|ʎ̥}}

{{IPA navigation}}

Category:Lateral consonants

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Voiceless oral consonants

Category:Palatal consonants

Category:Voiceless lateral approximants