Wailapa language

{{short description|Language}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Wailapa

| altname = Moiso, Ale

| state = Vanuatu

| region = Espiritu Santo

| ethnicity =

| speakers = 500François (2015), p.19

| familycolor = Austronesian

| fam2 = Malayo-Polynesian

| fam3 = Oceanic

| fam4 = Southern Oceanic

| fam5 = North-Central Vanuatu

| fam6 = North Vanuatu

| fam7 = Espiritu Santo

| iso3 = wlr

| glotto = wail1242

| glottorefname = Ale

| map = Vanuatu - Espiritu Santo.PNG

| mapcaption = Espiritu Santo, where Wailapa is spoken on the southern coast

| map2 = Lang Status 99-NE.svg

| mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Wailapa is not endangered according to the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger}}}}

}}

Wailapa, or Moiso or Ale, is an Oceanic language{{Cite web |title=Glottolog 5.1 - Ale |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/wail1242 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=glottolog.org}}{{Cite news |title=Wailapa {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/wlr |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230309084505/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/wlr/ |archive-date=2023-03-09 |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en-US}} or dialect{{Cite book |last1=Lynch |first1=John |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/7a13bcf9-f23f-449d-aa05-0f418f998a92/content |title=Languages of Vanuatu: A New Survey and Bibliography |last2=Crowley |first2=Terry |year=2001 |pages=51–52 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719045334/https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/7a13bcf9-f23f-449d-aa05-0f418f998a92/content |archive-date=19 July 2024}} spoken on Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.

It is possibly endangered,{{Cite web |title=Did you know Wailapa is endangered? |url=https://endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3338 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Endangered Languages |language=en}} with its status described as "shifting".{{Cite web |title=Glottolog 5.1 - Ale |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/wail1242 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=glottolog.org}} It is also described as "stable".

It has multiple dialects.{{Cite book |last=Tryon |first=D. T. (Darrell T. ) |url=https://archive.org/details/newhebrideslangu0000tryo |title=New Hebrides languages : an internal classification |date=1976 |publisher=Canberra : Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-85883-152-0}}

Classification

Wailapa is generally described as a language, but also as a dialect of the proposed, lexicostastically defined Southwest Santo language along with Araki, Tangoa, and Akei.{{Cite journal |last=Lynch |first=John |date=2019 |title=The Bilabial-to-Linguolabial Shift in Southern Oceanic: A Subgrouping Diagnostic? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26905160 |journal=Oceanic Linguistics |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=304 |doi=10.1353/ol.2019.0010 |issn=0029-8115 |jstor=26905160}}

Selected vocabulary

The list below is a sample of words in Wailapa. 

class="wikitable"

|+

!Wailapa

!English

{{lang|wlr|patu-ku|italic=no}}

|head

{{lang|wlr|umʷi-ku|italic=no}}

|beard

{{lang|wlr|tamanpatu-ku|italic=no}}

|belly

{{lang|wlr|laso-ku|italic=no}}

|testicles

{{lang|wlr|marau-ku|italic=no}}

|left hand

{{lang|wlr|tˢino-ima|italic=no}}

|door

{{lang|wlr|tikinoβu|italic=no}}

|centipede

{{lang|wlr|lano|italic=no}}

|fly (n)

{{lang|wlr|moɂi|italic=no}}

|mosquito

{{lang|wlr|paɂeo|italic=no}}

|shark

{{lang|wlr|apa-na|italic=no}}

|wing

{{lang|wlr|tˢio|italic=no}}

|grasshopper

{{lang|wlr|aβua|italic=no}}

|turtle

{{lang|wlr|korui niu|italic=no}}

|dry coconut

{{lang|wlr|pioro|italic=no}}

|sandalwood

{{lang|wlr|matˢoe|italic=no}}

|star

{{lang|wlr|βusiβusi|italic=no}}

|sand

{{lang|wlr|βaliβali tasi|italic=no}}

|foam

{{lang|wlr|paka|italic=no}}

|bow

{{lang|wlr|soɂo|italic=no}}

|digging stick

{{lang|wlr|βuro|italic=no}}

|fight

{{lang|wlr|tˢoriɂa|italic=no}}

|yellow

{{lang|wlr|mo tolu|italic=no}}

|three

{{lang|wlr|raβurua|italic=no}}

|seven

{{lang|wlr|mo-βisa|italic=no}}

|how many

{{lang|wlr|taun|italic=no}}

|year

{{lang|wlr|inia|italic=no}}

|he

{{lang|wlr|inira|italic=no}}

|they

{{lang|wlr|atia|italic=no}}

|bite

{{lang|wlr|ɂaniɂan|italic=no}}

|eat

{{lang|wlr|sisia apu|italic=no}}

|blow

{{lang|wlr|kunu|italic=no}}

|run

References

{{Reflist}}{{Languages of Vanuatu}}

{{Southern Oceanic languages}}

{{Austronesian languages}}

Category:Espiritu Santo languages

Category:Languages of Vanuatu

{{SOceanic-lang-stub}}