Wailapa language
{{short description|Language}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Wailapa
| altname = Moiso, Ale
| state = Vanuatu
| region = Espiritu Santo
| ethnicity =
| speakers = 500François (2015), p.19
| familycolor = Austronesian
| fam2 = Malayo-Polynesian
| fam3 = Oceanic
| fam4 = Southern Oceanic
| fam5 = North-Central Vanuatu
| fam6 = North Vanuatu
| fam7 = Espiritu Santo
| iso3 = wlr
| glotto = wail1242
| glottorefname = Ale
| map = Vanuatu - Espiritu Santo.PNG
| mapcaption = Espiritu Santo, where Wailapa is spoken on the southern coast
| map2 = Lang Status 99-NE.svg
| mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Wailapa is not endangered according to the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger}}}}
}}
Wailapa, or Moiso or Ale, is an Oceanic language{{Cite web |title=Glottolog 5.1 - Ale |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/wail1242 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=glottolog.org}}{{Cite news |title=Wailapa {{!}} Ethnologue Free |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/wlr |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230309084505/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/wlr/ |archive-date=2023-03-09 |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=Ethnologue (Free All) |language=en-US}} or dialect{{Cite book |last1=Lynch |first1=John |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/7a13bcf9-f23f-449d-aa05-0f418f998a92/content |title=Languages of Vanuatu: A New Survey and Bibliography |last2=Crowley |first2=Terry |year=2001 |pages=51–52 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719045334/https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/7a13bcf9-f23f-449d-aa05-0f418f998a92/content |archive-date=19 July 2024}} spoken on Espiritu Santo Island in Vanuatu.
It is possibly endangered,{{Cite web |title=Did you know Wailapa is endangered? |url=https://endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3338 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Endangered Languages |language=en}} with its status described as "shifting".{{Cite web |title=Glottolog 5.1 - Ale |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/wail1242 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=glottolog.org}} It is also described as "stable".
Classification
Wailapa is generally described as a language, but also as a dialect of the proposed, lexicostastically defined Southwest Santo language along with Araki, Tangoa, and Akei.{{Cite journal |last=Lynch |first=John |date=2019 |title=The Bilabial-to-Linguolabial Shift in Southern Oceanic: A Subgrouping Diagnostic? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26905160 |journal=Oceanic Linguistics |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=304 |doi=10.1353/ol.2019.0010 |issn=0029-8115 |jstor=26905160}}
Selected vocabulary
The list below is a sample of words in Wailapa.
class="wikitable"
|+ !Wailapa !English |
{{lang|wlr|patu-ku|italic=no}}
|head |
{{lang|wlr|umʷi-ku|italic=no}}
|beard |
{{lang|wlr|tamanpatu-ku|italic=no}}
|belly |
{{lang|wlr|laso-ku|italic=no}}
|testicles |
{{lang|wlr|marau-ku|italic=no}}
|left hand |
{{lang|wlr|tˢino-ima|italic=no}}
|door |
{{lang|wlr|tikinoβu|italic=no}}
|centipede |
{{lang|wlr|lano|italic=no}}
|fly (n) |
{{lang|wlr|moɂi|italic=no}}
|mosquito |
{{lang|wlr|paɂeo|italic=no}}
|shark |
{{lang|wlr|apa-na|italic=no}}
|wing |
{{lang|wlr|tˢio|italic=no}}
|grasshopper |
{{lang|wlr|aβua|italic=no}}
|turtle |
{{lang|wlr|korui niu|italic=no}}
|dry coconut |
{{lang|wlr|pioro|italic=no}}
|sandalwood |
{{lang|wlr|matˢoe|italic=no}}
|star |
{{lang|wlr|βusiβusi|italic=no}}
|sand |
{{lang|wlr|βaliβali tasi|italic=no}}
|foam |
{{lang|wlr|paka|italic=no}}
|bow |
{{lang|wlr|soɂo|italic=no}}
|digging stick |
{{lang|wlr|βuro|italic=no}}
|fight |
{{lang|wlr|tˢoriɂa|italic=no}}
|yellow |
{{lang|wlr|mo tolu|italic=no}}
|three |
{{lang|wlr|raβurua|italic=no}}
|seven |
{{lang|wlr|mo-βisa|italic=no}}
|how many |
{{lang|wlr|taun|italic=no}}
|year |
{{lang|wlr|inia|italic=no}}
|he |
{{lang|wlr|inira|italic=no}}
|they |
{{lang|wlr|atia|italic=no}}
|bite |
{{lang|wlr|ɂaniɂan|italic=no}}
|eat |
{{lang|wlr|sisia apu|italic=no}}
|blow |
{{lang|wlr|kunu|italic=no}}
|run |
References
{{Reflist}}{{Languages of Vanuatu}}
{{Southern Oceanic languages}}
{{Austronesian languages}}
Category:Espiritu Santo languages
{{SOceanic-lang-stub}}