War Brides (1916 film)

{{infobox film

| name = War Brides

| image = War-Brides-1916.jpg

| caption = Theatrical poster

| director = Herbert Brenon

| producer = Herbert Brenon

| writer = Herbert Brenon (scenario)

| based_on = {{based on|War Brides (play)|Marion Craig Wentworth}}

| starring = Alla Nazimova
Charles Bryant

| music = Robert Hood Bowers

| cinematography = J. Roy Hunt

| editing = James MacKaye

| distributor = Selznick Pictures

| released = {{Film date|1916|11|12}}

| runtime = 72 minutes

| country = United States

| language = Silent (English intertitles)

| gross = $300,000{{cite news|work=Photoplay|author=Terry Ramsaye|author-link=Terry Ramsaye|date=January 1925|page=120|title=The Romantic History of the Motion Picture|url=https://archive.org/stream/pho28chic#page/n123/mode/1up}}

}}

File:War Brides.jpg

War Brides is a lost[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.mbrs.sfdb.10319/default.html The Library of Congress American Silent Feature Film Survival Catalog: War Brides] 1916 American silent war drama film directed by Herbert Brenon and starring Alla Nazimova. The film marked Nazimova's debut in motion pictures.[http://silentera.com/PSFL/data/W/WarBrides1916.html Progressive Silent Film List: War Brides] at silentera.com[http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/AbbrView.aspx?s=&Movie=16879 The AFI Catalog of Feature Films: War Brides]

The film's lost status makes it a sought-after title.{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}

Plot

The film was based on the eponymous one-act play by the poet, playwright, and suffragist Marion Craig Wentworth (1872–1942).{{cite book |last1=Sutphen |first1=Joyce |author-link=Joyce Sutphen |title=To Sing Along the Way: Minnesota Women Poets from Pre-Territorial Days to the Present |publisher=New Rivers Press |date=2006 |page=232 |isbn=9780898232325 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f49lAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Marion+Craig+Wentworth%22}} A newlywed soldier is sent to the front and killed. When his young widow learns of his death she considers committing suicide, but decides against it because she is pregnant. The King of her country (unnamed in the original; Germany in the later version) decrees that women must bear more children to fight in future wars. Soon afterwards, as the King is passing through her village, the pregnant widow leads a procession of women to protest the war. Soldiers try to hold her back, but she manages to come face to face with the King, and kills herself in front of him. The title card reads, "If you will not give us women the right to vote for or against war, I shall not bear a child for such a country!"{{cite book |last1=Hollander |first1=Neil |author-link=Neil Hollander |title=Elusive Dove: The Search for Peace During World War I |publisher=McFarland |date=2013 |isbn=9780786478910 |page=213 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SJydAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA213 }}

Cast

Alla Nazimova as Joan
Charles Hutchison as George
Charles Bryant as Franz
William Bailey as Eric
Richard Barthelmess as Arno
Nila Mac as Amelia (*Nila Mack)
Gertrude Berkeley as The Mother
Alex Shannon as The King
Robert Whitworth as Lt. Hoffman
Ned Burton as Captain Bragg
Theodora Warfield as Minna
Charles Chailles as A Financier

Reception

War Brides was one of the most successful plays of 1915.{{cite journal |last1=Tylee |first1=Claire M. |title=The Great War in Modern Memory: What is Being Repressed? |journal=Women's Studies Quarterly |volume=4 |issue=4 |date=1995 |pages=65–77 |jstor=40003501}} It opened in January at B.F. Keith's Palace Theatre in New York City, with Alla Nazimova in the lead role, and toured the country for several months. The play was so much in demand that a second production toured the South, with Gilda Varesi in the lead.{{cite book |last1=Cardinal |first1=Agnes |last2=Turner |first2=Elaine |last3=Tylee |first3=Claire M. |title=War Plays by Women: An International Anthology |publisher=Routledge |date=2013 |page=13 |isbn=9781136357251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DQ5TAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA13}}

In 1916 the play was made into a silent film, also starring Nazimova in her first onscreen role. The film did very well in the United States, bringing the studios a profit of $300,000, and was widely acclaimed by critics. Because of its pacifist message, it was banned in some cities and states. For example, while it had been showing in Maryland, once the United States entered the war the film was banned as its pacifist message might affect military recruitment.{{cite journal |title=War Brides Banned By Maryland Court |journal=Exhibitors Herald |volume=6 |issue=25 |page=16 |publisher=Exhibitors Herald Company |location=New York City |date=June 15, 1918 |url=https://archive.org/details/exhibitorsherald06exhi/page/n1129/mode/1up}} The court upheld a state censor board ruling in 1917. In 1917 it was withdrawn from circulation on the grounds that "The philosophy of this picture is so easily misunderstood by unthinking people". Later that year the producer, Lewis Selznick, had the film edited to give it an anti-German slant, and re-released it to American theaters. It was not shown in any other Allied countries.