Weh Antiok Khosrow

{{Short description|Ancient Iraqi city}}

Wēh Antīōk Khosrow (Middle Persian: wyḥ ʾntywk ḥwslwd;{{cite book |last1=Frye |first1=R. N. |title=The Cambridge History of Iran |chapter=THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF IRAN UNDER THE SASANIANS |date=1983 |page=179 |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521200929.006 |isbn=9781139054942 |chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-iran/political-history-of-iran-under-the-sasanians/19127B75C7727073E558B8FFE1C48CD3 |language=en}} "Khosrow's Better Antioch", literally, "better than Antioch, Khosrow built this"),Beate Dignas, Engelbert Winter: Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity. Cambridge 2007, 109 also called Beh-az-Andīw-e Khosrow (New Persian: {{lang|fa|به از اندیو خسرو}}, literally "Better-than-Antioch of Khosrow"), Antiocheia Chosroou (Greek: Ἀντιόχεια Χοσρόου), Rūmagān ({{langx|fa|رومگان}}), or al-Rūmīya ({{langx|ar|الرومية}}), was a historic city in modern day Iraq. It was founded by Iranian king Khosrow I on the east bank of the Tigris in the vicinity of Ctesiphon, Sasanian Empire, that was populated by deported Roman prisoners-of-war.A. Shapur Shahbazi, Erich Kettenhofen, John R. Perry, “DEPORTATIONS,” Encyclopædia Iranica, VII/3, pp. 297-312, available online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/deportations (accessed on 30 December 2012). It was reportedly about one day's walk from Ctesiphon.{{sfn|Canepa|2018|page=1599}}

Antioch had previously been devastated by an earthquake in 526. The Roman Emperor Justin and his heir and Caesar Justinian had sent substantial resources to the city to rebuild it.

The Persians used deportation as a tool of policy.{{cite web |last1=Kettenhofen |first1=Erich |title=DEPORTATIONS – Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/deportations#pt3 |website=www.iranicaonline.org |access-date=25 November 2018 |language=en}} Khosrow I captured Antioch in 540 during the Byzantine–Sasanian wars; the city was destroyed and its population was deported to this new city. According to Jacob of Edessa, prisoners-of-war from the cities of Sura, Beroea, Antioch, Apamea, Callinicum, and Batnai in Osrhoene were deported to this new city. It may be identical with Māhōzē Ḥəḏattā (literally "the New City") in the Syriac conciliar acts.

Procopius has provided detailed information on the building of the city, though his primary source is pro-Sasanian. According to al-Tabari and al-Tha'alibi, the city was built on the plan of the Syrian metropolis and Khosrow I did everything in his power to make the residents want to stay. He provided Weh Antiok Khosrow with Roman baths and a circus.{{sfn|Canepa|2018|page=1599}} He also settled charioteers in the city.{{sfn|Canepa|2018|page=1599}}

The city was governed by Barāz, a Christian from Gundeshapur. By the late 6th century, it had a population of circa 30,000.{{sfn|Canepa|2009|pages=173-174}}

The city was captured by the Arab Muslims under Khalid ibn Urfuta. Later in the Abbasid period, Caliph Al-Mansur used the city, then known as al Rumiyyah as seat of government for a few months.{{cite book |last1=Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |title=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland |date=1895 |publisher=Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society |page=40 |language=en}}