Wellington, New South Wales

The area now known as Wellington lies on the traditional lands of the Wiradjuri people.{{Cite web|last=Studies|first=Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander|date=2021-06-08|title=Map of Indigenous Australia|url=https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/map-indigenous-australia|access-date=2021-08-14|website=aiatsis.gov.au|language=en}}

The 'Wambuul' (Macquarie River) was an important source of sustenance for this widespread Aboriginal group united by kinship and a common language. Surviving evidence in the Wellington area of the occupation by the Wiradjuri people prior to European contact includes rock shelters with archaeological deposits, a carved tree, scarred trees, open camp sites, grinding grooves sites and bora (ceremonial) grounds.{{cite web |title=Blacks Camp |url= https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5056670 |website=Office of Environment and Heritage |publisher=NSW Department of Planning, Industry and Environment |access-date=29 March 2021}}

The city still has a strong Aboriginal presence, largely as a result of early missionary settlements set up there, other Aboriginal campsites, such as the Wellington Common, and, from 1910, the Nanima Aboriginal Reserve, all of which kept local people residing in the area.

In 2007, a group of Wiradjuri people won a Native Title claim, over the area known as the Wellington Common, where many Wiradjuri lived, and that land was returned to its traditional owners.{{Cite web|last=Reporter|first=Joel Gibson Indigenous Affairs|date=2007-11-15|title=Traditional owners win 13-year fight for native title|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/traditional-owners-win-13-year-fight-for-native-title-20071115-gdrlny.html|access-date=2021-08-15|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}

The European discovery of the Wellington Valley occurred during the return journey of John Oxley's Lachlan River expedition in 1817. While crossing from the Bogan River to the Macquarie River in August 1817 Oxley and his party happening upon the Wellington Valley with the Bell River running through it. They followed the river to its junction with the Macquarie. Oxley was effusive about the valley, describing it as “beautifully picturesque” and “studded with fine trees upon a soil which may be equalled, but can never be excelled”. The Bell River was named “as a compliment to Brevet Major Bell of the 48th Regiment” and the Wellington Valley was named after the Duke of Wellington.[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/137761121 The Discovery and Occupation of Wellington Valley (part one)] by James Jervis (Senior Research Officer of the Royal Historical Society), Wellington Times, 16 October 1950, page 3.{{cite web|title=John Oxley discovers Wellington Valley|url=http://www.oxleymuseum.org.au/johnoxley0211.html|publisher=Oxley Museum, Wellington NSW|access-date=27 April 2013}}

{{Main|Wellington Convict and Mission Site}}

In January 1823 Lieutenant Percy Simpson was appointed by the colonial government to establish a settlement at the junction of the Bell and Macquarie rivers in the Wellington Valley. Simpson and a party of soldiers and convicts arrived at the locality via Bathurst in February with 12 cows and 40 sheep, as well as a provision of wheat. Simpson chose a site for the settlement on high ground above the Bell River (about three kilometres south of the modern cityship). There were early problems, including desertions and stock theft by convicts, but fields of wheat and other staples were eventually established. A muster roll in 1826 recorded 85 men at Wellington. By that stage a number of pastoral runs had been established in the vicinity of the settlement and along the Macquarie River. The convict outpost at Wellington was discontinued in 1831 and "the settlement was used for a time as a Government stock station".[http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article137768526 The Discovery and Occupation of Wellington Valley (part two)] by James Jervis (Senior Research Officer of the Royal Historical Society), Wellington Times, 23 October 1950, page 8.{{cite web |title=Wellington |url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/wellington-20040208-gdkq9v.html |website=Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=13 March 2019|date=8 February 2004 }} A traveller to the area in 1832 described the settlement as “abandoned” except for “a dozen stockmen and soldiers who remained to protect the buildings from the mischievous spoilation of the natives”.[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/137930569 Wellington as a Missionary Settlement (part one)], Wellington Times, 4 December 1952, page 3.

{{Main|Blacks Camp|Wellington Convict and Mission Site}}

In December 1831 the secretary of state for the colonies informed Governor Bourke that an agreement had been entered into with the Church Missionary Society in England “by which the organisation had undertaken to send out and superintend a mission to the natives”. Permission was sought to “establish the Mission at Wellington Valley”, to which the Governor agreed, authorising them to “occupy the Government buildings there and to use for grazing any land they desired to occupy for that purpose”. The missionaries sent to Wellington in 1832 were Rev. William Watson and Rev. James Handt, a Lutheran clergyman.

In 1835 Messrs. Backhouse and Walter, both Quakers, visited the Mission. Backhouse reported that ”the blacks at the station were not numerous”, with “about 30” being the usual number living there. The Aborigines were said to be “very capricious” and “by no means desirous to learn”. They were “attracted” to the food supplied by the Mission and “they were not disposed to work”. A mission report in 1836 stated that “the vocabulary of the native language had been revised and enlarged” and that “services were held in the language”.

Rev. Handt left Wellington in 1836 “as his wife was ill”. Rev. James Gunther and his wife arrived in August 1837, replacing Handt and his wife.[https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/137932187 Wellington as a Missionary Settlement (part two)], Wellington Times, 11 December 1952, page 7.

File:WellingtonCourtHouse.JPG

In 1840, a village called Montefiores was established on the north side of the Macquarie River crossing.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article137398490 |title=Wellington Valley and Wellington |newspaper=Wellington Times |issue=3162 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=8 September 1921 |access-date=13 March 2019 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}} The city of Wellington, on the south bank of the Macquarie River opposite Montefiores, was gazetted in 1846, and on 20 March 1885, Wellington was proclaimed a city.{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article230141595 |title=Village of Wellington. |newspaper=New South Wales Government Gazette |issue=33 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=24 April 1846 |access-date=13 March 2019 |page=503 |via=National Library of Australia}}{{NSW GNR|id = MnIOBKxOTR|title = Wellington|access-date = 11 August 2013}}

The first local government body covering Wellington was the Wellington Municipal District, proclaimed in 1879. In 1950 it was amalgamated with Macquarie Shire and part of Cobbora Shire to form Wellington Shire. There was a number of transfer of areas with adjoining shires, and in 2016 Wellington Shire was amalgamated with the local government area of Dubbo City to form Western Plains Regional Council.

Wellington is the second oldest New South Wales settlement west of the Blue Mountains.{{cite web |title=Wellington History |url=http://www.wellington-nsw.com/Wellington_History.html |website=Wellington NSW |access-date=13 March 2019}} One of its hotels, the Lion of Waterloo, established by Nicolas Hyeronimus in 1842, is the oldest operating west of the Blue Mountains.

Near to The Lion of Waterloo is the location of the last recorded duel fought on Australian soil, in 1854.

As a regional centre Wellington benefited by the development of the gold mining industry in the district from the 1850s. Initially this was working alluvial deposits of gold but later focused on the mining of quartz reefs. Among the mining districts was Mitchells Creek located 8 miles to the north east near the locality of Bodangora.Osborne, Idle 1975 Annual Report Compilation, Wellington Division – Dubbo Sheet 1875–1974, Department of Mines NSW, ARC080. In the first decade of the 20th century, there was a revival of gold mining in the area, when gold dredges operated on the Macquarie River near Wellington.{{Cite news|date=1905-04-12|title=Gold-Dredging on the Macquarie River|page=925|work=Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article164035872|access-date=2021-08-15}}

The extension of the Main Western Railway from Orange to Wellington opened on 1 June 1880.{{cite web |title=Wellington Railway Precinct |url=https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=4806355 |publisher=Office of Environment and Heritage |access-date=13 March 2019}}{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article133856432 |title=Opening of the Railway from Orange to Wellington. |newspaper=Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate |volume=VIII |issue=1855 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=2 June 1880 |access-date=13 March 2019 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}} The line was subsequently extended to Dubbo in February 1881.

{{Historical populations

|type= Australia

|1921|3924

|1933|4320

|1947|4723

|1954|5143

|1961|5599

|1966|5853

|1971|5536

|1976|5395

|1981|5280

|1986|5277

|1991|5433

|1996|4920

|2001|4672

|2006|4660

|2011|4540

|2016|4519

|2021|4581

|source=Australian Bureau of Statistics data.{{cite web |title=Statistics by Catalogue Number |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/ViewContent?readform&view=ProductsbyCatalogue&Action=Expand&Num=2.2 |access-date=8 January 2024}}{{cite web |title=Search Census data |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/search-by-area |access-date=8 January 2024}}

}}

Wellington has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

• 9 Amaroo Drive: John Fowler 7nhp Steam Road Locomotive{{cite NSW SHR|5061319|John Fowler 7nhp Steam Road Locomotive|hr=01867|fn=11/02809|access-date=18 May 2018}}
• Curtis Street: Wellington Convict and Mission Site{{cite NSW SHR|5051556|Wellington Convict and Mission Site - Maynggu Ganai|hr=01859|fn=98/00398/1 & 2; 10/19014|access-date=18 May 2018}}
• 21 Maughan Street: Wellington Post Office{{cite NSW SHR|5051504|Wellington|hr=01415|fn=H00/00157|access-date=18 May 2015}}
• University Road: Blacks Camp{{cite NSW SHR|5056670|Blacks Camp|hr=01865|fn=H06/00026-001 & 10/02205|access-date=18 May 2018}}

Wellington is the centre of rich agricultural land. While alfalfa and vegetables are grown on lands on the river, wheat, wool, lambs and beef cattle are grown on surrounding pastures. The city acts as a commercial centre for the surrounding district.

In September 2008, the Wellington Correctional Centre was opened. A Probation and Parole Office was also opened in the centre of city. Wellington Council hopes this will stimulate economic growth in the area, due to increasing employment opportunities and the need for non-locals to utilise Wellington facilities.

The local newspaper The Wellington Times, a Rural Press title, is published three times a week with a circulation in the region of around 1000.{{cite web|title=Wellington Times|url=http://www.fairfaxregionalmedia.com.au/detail.asp?state=NSW®ion=8&paper_id=62|publisher=Fairfax Regional Media|access-date=27 April 2013}}

There is a popular Community Radio Station operating on a frequency of 91.5 MHz FM.

KFC was built in 2019.

Wellington possesses a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa), with hot summers and cool winters. Average maxima vary from {{convert|33.0|C}} in January to {{convert|15.3|C}} in July, while average minima fluctuate between {{convert|17.1|C}} in January and {{convert|2.2|C}} in July. Annual precipitation is moderately low (averaging {{convert|620.1|mm|in|abbr=on}}), and is spread across 76.4 precipitation days. The town is rather sunny, experiencing 138.1 clear days and 91.9 cloudy days per annum. Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|45.0|C}} on 11 February 2017 to {{convert|-5.7|C}} on 25 June 1971 and on 20 July 1982.{{cite web |url = https://www.farmonlineweather.com.au/climate/station.jsp?lt=site&lc=65034 |title = Wellington (D&J Rural) Climate (1881-2024) |website = FarmOnline Weather |access-date = September 17, 2024}}

{{Weather box

|location = Wellington ({{coord|32.56|S|148.95|E}}, 305 m AMSL) (1881–2024 normals, extremes 1965–2024)

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|Jan record high C = 44.0

|Feb record high C = 45.0

|Mar record high C = 39.8

|Apr record high C = 33.9

|May record high C = 27.5

|Jun record high C = 26.0

|Jul record high C = 24.0

|Aug record high C = 28.8

|Sep record high C = 33.4

|Oct record high C = 39.5

|Nov record high C = 43.0

|Dec record high C = 44.4

|Jan high C = 33.0

|Feb high C = 32.1

|Mar high C = 29.4

|Apr high C = 24.6

|May high C = 19.8

|Jun high C = 16.0

|Jul high C = 15.3

|Aug high C = 17.1

|Sep high C = 20.8

|Oct high C = 24.9

|Nov high C = 28.5

|Dec high C = 31.6

|Jan low C = 17.1

|Feb low C = 16.7

|Mar low C = 14.1

|Apr low C = 9.5

|May low C = 5.7

|Jun low C = 3.5

|Jul low C = 2.2

|Aug low C = 3.0

|Sep low C = 5.4

|Oct low C = 8.6

|Nov low C = 12.3

|Dec low C = 15.1

|Jan record low C = 6.5

|Feb record low C = 6.5

|Mar record low C = 1.7

|Apr record low C = -1.0

|May record low C = -3.9

|Jun record low C = -5.7

|Jul record low C = -5.7

|Aug record low C = -4.6

|Sep record low C = -3.0

|Oct record low C = -2.0

|Nov record low C = 1.6

|Dec record low C = 3.2

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 60.3

|Feb precipitation mm = 51.2

|Mar precipitation mm = 51.8

|Apr precipitation mm = 45.7

|May precipitation mm = 46.4

|Jun precipitation mm = 50.8

|Jul precipitation mm = 49.0

|Aug precipitation mm = 48.8

|Sep precipitation mm = 44.8

|Oct precipitation mm = 56.6

|Nov precipitation mm = 58.7

|Dec precipitation mm = 56.1

|year precipitation mm = 620.1

|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 5.6

|Feb precipitation days = 5.1

|Mar precipitation days = 5.2

|Apr precipitation days = 4.7

|May precipitation days = 6.2

|Jun precipitation days = 8.0

|Jul precipitation days = 8.3

|Aug precipitation days = 7.8

|Sep precipitation days = 6.6

|Oct precipitation days = 6.7

|Nov precipitation days = 6.3

|Dec precipitation days = 5.9

|Jan afthumidity = 36

|Feb afthumidity = 39

|Mar afthumidity = 41

|Apr afthumidity = 44

|May afthumidity = 53

|Jun afthumidity = 57

|Jul afthumidity = 55

|Aug afthumidity = 50

|Sep afthumidity = 46

|Oct afthumidity = 42

|Nov afthumidity = 38

|Dec afthumidity = 34

|Jan dew point C = 12.8

|Feb dew point C = 13.5

|Mar dew point C = 12.1

|Apr dew point C = 9.5

|May dew point C = 8.2

|Jun dew point C = 6.5

|Jul dew point C = 5.0

|Aug dew point C = 4.8

|Sep dew point C = 6.5

|Oct dew point C = 8.1

|Nov dew point C = 9.3

|Dec dew point C = 10.4

|Jan sun = 288.3

|Feb sun = 257.1

|Mar sun = 248.0

|Apr sun = 243.0

|May sun = 217.0

|Jun sun = 156.0

|Jul sun = 186.0

|Aug sun = 223.2

|Sep sun = 258.0

|Oct sun = 266.6

|Nov sun = 276.0

|Dec sun = 282.1

|Jan percentsun = 66

|Feb percentsun = 69

|Mar percentsun = 65

|Apr percentsun = 72

|May percentsun = 67

|Jun percentsun = 52

|Jul percentsun = 59

|Aug percentsun = 66

|Sep percentsun = 72

|Oct percentsun = 67

|Nov percentsun = 67

|Dec percentsun = 64

|source 1 = Bureau of Meteorology (1881–2024 normals, extremes 1965–2024)

}}

File:WellingtonRailwayStation.JPG

Wellington station is served by a daily NSW TrainLink XPT service which runs between Sydney and Dubbo.{{Cite New South Wales transport timetables|Western Region}}

The closest commercial airport is that of Dubbo. QantasLink and Rex Airlines service the airport three-five times daily from Sydney. Bodangora Airport for general aviation aircraft is located twelve kilometres east of Wellington.

Ogden's Coaches operates return services to Dubbo, with one extending to Narromine as a through-routed service with the Narromine link.

Lake Burrendong, a man-made lake, is located 30 kilometres south of the city. Its capacity is three and a half times that of Sydney Harbour and supplies water for irrigation schemes downstream. It is also a popular location for anglers, sailors and water skiers. Burrendong Arboretum is a sanctuary for endangered Australian flora and covers 1.60 km².

The nearby Wellington Caves feature the Cathedral Cave with the massive Altar Rock and has a viewable underground river running at the bottom. Immediately to the East of the cityship lies the Catombal Range with magnificent bushwalks in and around Mt Arthur and Mt Wellesley.

The Wellington Boot, a country racing festival is held in March and April annually. The Bell River Wine Estate is nearby.

• Ben Austin – Paralympian, grew up in Wellington
• Millicent Bryant – first woman in Australia to earn a pilot licence, born at Apsley, Wellington.
• Max Cullen – actor
• Silvanus Daniel – politician
• Terry Fahey – former professional rugby league footballer for South Sydney Rabbitohs, Eastern Suburbs and Canberra Raiders
• Blake Ferguson – Former NRL player
• Nicolas Hyeronimus – pioneering innkeeper, merchant, pastoralist and inaugural MLA for Wellington
• Media stars John Laws, Laurie Oakes and Ray Martin all lived in Wellington
• Colleen McCullough – author, born in Wellington
• Brent Naden – NRL Player, born in Wellington
• Ian O'Brien – Olympic gold medalist in the 200 m breaststroke at the 1964 Summer Olympics, grew up in Wellington
• Tyrone Peachey – NRL player.
• Trent Runciman – Former NRL player
• Paul Shaw – former professional rugby league player for Manly Sea Eagles and Gold Coast Seagulls
• Kotoni Staggs – NRL player for the Brisbane Broncos
• Tim Storrier – Award-winning artist.
• Ray "Gunner" Kelly — MBE - was an Australian police officer who was a detective inspector with NSW Police, he became famous during his career owing to his high-profile cases and results, but who was later alleged to have been deeply involved in corruption and organised crime.
• Jack Renshaw - NSW Premier 1964–1965, born in Wellington.

{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}

• [http://www.wellington.nsw.gov.au/eservice/navigation.jsp About Wellington and District]
• [http://www.visitnsw.com/destinations/country-nsw/dubbo-area/wellington VisitNSW.com - Wellington]

{{Suburbs of Dubbo Regional Council|state=collapsed}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Towns in New South Wales

Category:Towns in the Central West (New South Wales)

Category:Dubbo Regional Council

Category:Mining towns in New South Wales