Wenchuan County

The county is named after the Wenshui River ({{Lang-zh|c=汶水}}), now known as the Min River.

Wenchuan County was established in 1958, when the former Maowen Qiang Autonomous County ({{Lang-zh|c=茂汶羌族自治县|p=Màowèn Qiāng Zú Zìzhì Xiàn}}) was split into Mao County and Wenchuan County.

A number of Neolithic sites have been excavated in the Wenchuan area. The site of Jiangweicheng, located at the northern end of the county town of Weizhou in Wenchuan, has been archaeologically confirmed as a Neolithic site in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, which extends over a long period divided into three phases. It is estimated to be a new cultural type resulting from the introduction of a late Yangshao culture from the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River into the upper reaches of the Min River. There are similarities between the sarcophagus burial tomb and the Majiayao culture of Gansu and Qinghai.{{Cite book |last=HAO |first=LI |title=城市规划 |year=2008 |pages=32（11） |language=zh}} The site of Jiangwei City is in a different spectrum from the painted pottery and jars excavated from sites in the Chengdu Plain, but lace-mouthed yansha jars of the same spectrum have also been excavated.{{Cite book |last=Jiaxiang |first=Huang |title=成都考古发现 |publisher=科学出版社 |year=2005 |language=zh}}

On 25 August 1933, a massive 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the town of Fuxi in Mao County, north of Wenchuan, where six people were killed by a rock collapse and more than 480 people were killed in Wenchuan in the subsequent floods after the earthquake.{{Cite book |last=Shizhong |first=Hong |title=Some textual research and analysis on the death toll of Diexi Earthquake |year=2014 |pages=7–8 |language=zh}}

{{further|2008 Sichuan earthquake}}

On May 12, 2008, an earthquake with moment magnitude 7.9 hit the Sichuan Province, with epicentre located in the town of Yingxiu, in Wenchuan county. The county was therefore one of the areas most severely affected by the earthquake. In Chinese, the earthquake is named after the county (the Wenchuan earthquake, 汶川地震), which made its name resonate across the nation. In the county, 15,941 people died, 34,583 were injured, and 7,474 were still missing as of June 6, 2008.{{Cite news|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/pc/2008-05-13/326/651.html|date=2008-06-02|access-date=2008-06-02|title=Casualties in Wenchuan Earthquake|publisher=Sina.com|language=zh}}{{Cite news|url= http://www.abazhou.gov.cn/html/2008-6/7/content_200867214914578.html | title= Death Toll in Ngawa Prefecture Rose to 20,258 as of June 6, 18:00 CST |access-date=2008-06-07 | publisher=Official website of Ngawa Prefecture Government |date=2008-06-07 |language= zh |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080609043145/http://www.abazhou.gov.cn/html/2008-6/7/content_200867214914578.html |archive-date = 2008-06-09}} The seismic intensity was the highest, reaching level XI in the China Seismic Intensity Scale.{{Cite web

| publisher=CEA

| url=http://www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf/_content/08_09/01/1220238314350.html

| title=Seismic intensity map of the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake (汶川8.0级地震烈度分布图)

| date=2008-08-29

| access-date=2008-09-10

| language = zh-hans

}}

After the earthquake, the central government enforced stricter requirements for seismic design in this area.{{Cite journal

| author=XU, Zhengzhong; WANG, Yayong; et al. (徐正忠、王亚勇等)

| url=http://www.morgain.com/Help/GB50011-2001/A.htm

| title=Code for seismic design of buildings (GB 500011-2001) (partially revised in 2008), Appendix A ( 《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB 500011－2001） （2008 年局部修订） 附录 A 我国主要城镇抗震设防烈度、设计基本地震加速度和设计地震分组)

| publisher=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of PRC (MOHURD, 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部)

| year=2001

| access-date=2008-09-29

| language = zh-hans

}}

The earthquake also caused many landslides, some of which remained active for years and generated destructive debris flows during the summer rainstorms, which increased the death toll and slowed reconstruction and recovery of the communities in the county.{{Cite journal|last1=Fan|first1=Xuanmei|last2=Scaringi|first2=Gianvito|last3=Yang|first3=Fan|last4=Domènech|first4=Guillem|last5=Guo|first5=Xiaojun|last6=Dai|first6=Lanxin|last7=He|first7=Chaoyang|last8=Xu|first8=Qiang|last9=Huang|first9=Runqiu|date=2018-09-20|title=Two multi-temporal datasets to track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake|journal=Earth System Science Data|language=en|volume=11|issue=1|pages=35–55|doi=10.5194/essd-2018-105|issn=1866-3508|doi-access=free}}

Wenchuan County administers nine towns:{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title=District codes and urban/rural division codes for statistical purposes in 2022: Wenchuan County |trans-title=2022年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：汶川县 |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2022/51/32/513221.html }}

{{Historical populations

| title= Population census

| percentages = pagr

| 1990 |96054

| 1996 |104000

| 2000 |111935

| 2005 |106238

| 2010 |100771

}}

According to a 2021 publication by the county government, Wenchuan County's ethnic composition is 39.5% Qiang, 38.7% Han, 20.4% Tibetan, 1.1% Hui, and 0.3% belonging to other ethnic minorities.

The 2010 Chinese Census reported the county's population as 100,771 people.{{Cite web|date=2015-03-27|title=|script-title=zh:汶川县历史沿革|trans-title=Wenchuan County Organizational History|url=http://xzqh.org/html/show/sc/21773.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518210545/http://xzqh.org/html/show/sc/21773.html|archive-date=2021-05-18|access-date=2021-05-18|website=xzqh.org|language=zh}}

In 2005, the county reported a population of 106,238, with 34.16% of the population being ethnically Qiang.{{Cite web|title=|script-title=zh:县情概况|trans-title=County Overview|url=http://www.abazhou.gov.cn/gxzc/gxzc-wc-xqgk.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516233632/http://www.abazhou.gov.cn/gxzc/gxzc-wc-xqgk.html|archive-date=2008-05-16|access-date=2021-05-18|publisher=Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture People's Government|language=zh}}

The 2000 Chinese Census reported the county's population as 111,935.

In 1996, the county's population was estimated to be about 104,000, up from the 96,054 reported in 1990.File:1 wenchuan sichuan panorama 2013.jpg

As of 2019, Wenchuan County's gross domestic product totaled ¥7.264 billion, a 6.2% increase from the previous year. Consumer retail sales totaled ¥1.082 billion. The annual per capita disposable income of the county reached ¥34,513 for its urban residents, and ¥15,049 for its rural residents, an increase of 8.2% and 12.0%, respectively.

According to the county government, there were 4,440 people in the county living in poverty in 2014. The county government claims that all its citizens were lifted out of poverty in 2019.

File:Panda Cub from Wolong, Sichuan, China.JPG cub in Wolong National Nature Reserve]]

Wenchuan County is home to the Wolong National Nature Reserve, as well as the Sichuan Caopo Nature Reserve ({{Lang-zh|c=四川草坡自然保护区}}). Other tourist attractions in the county include the AAAAA-rated Wenchuan Special Tourist Area ({{Lang-zh|c=汶川特别旅游区}}) and the AAAA-rated Yu the Great Cultural Tourist Area ({{Lang-zh|c=大禹文化旅游区}}).

In 2019, the county received 6,277,800 visitors, bringing the county ¥2.87 billion in revenue.

Road traffic in Wenchuan County is dominated by National Highway 213 and National Highway 317. In 2012, the 82 km long G4217 Duwen Expressway, which connects the city with Dujiangyan and other cities in the Sichuan basin, was fully opened to traffic, and the Wenchuan-Markang motorway (Wenma Expressway), also part of G4217, was fully opened to traffic on 31 December 2021.{{Cite web |last=The official account of CCTV News of China Central Radio and Television |first=CCTV |date=2020-12-31 |title=The Wenmakun Expressway from Chengdu to Markang has been opened to traffic in 3.5 hours |trans-title=汶马高速实现通车 成都到马尔康缩短至3.5小时 |url=https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1687576073973980499&wfr=spider&for=pc |language=zh}} Wenchuan County Bus Station is located in Weizhou Town, Wenchuan, with daily buses to Chengdu, Dujiangyan, Pengzhou, Li County, Markang, Jiuzhaigou and other places. All scenic spots can be reached by bus, except for Qipanggou Forest Park and Xiqiang Grand Canyon, which are not yet open to traffic.{{Cite web |title=Transport in Wenchuan County |trans-title=汶川县交通 |url=http://www.57uu.com/sc/abz/abzjt/11_50_24_435.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517171143/http://www.57uu.com/sc/abz/abzjt/11_50_24_435.html |archive-date=2008-05-17 |language=zh}} In 2013, bus lines covering 11 towns and townships in the county, including Yingxiu, Xuankou, Shuimo and Sanjiang, were put into operation.{{Cite web |last=Fuli |first=Shi |date=2014-02-15 |title=2013年汶川县着力完善基础设施，改善城乡面貌 |trans-title=2013 Wenchuan County focuses on improving infrastructure and urban and rural landscape |url=http://www.abazhou.gov.cn/jrab/zwyw/201402/t20140215_941845.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222050308/http://www.abazhou.gov.cn/jrab/zwyw/201402/t20140215_941845.html |archive-date=2016-02-22 |url-status=live |language=zh}} By the end of 2014, the total mileage of roads in Wenchuan County was 696 kilometers, 619 kilometers of high-grade highways and 51 kilometers of expressways.

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|collapsed = Y

|location = Wenchuan, elevation {{convert|1370|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)

|Jan high C = 8.9

|Feb high C = 11.8

|Mar high C = 16.4

|Apr high C = 21.7

|May high C = 24.6

|Jun high C = 26.8

|Jul high C = 29.2

|Aug high C = 29.1

|Sep high C = 24.6

|Oct high C = 19.7

|Nov high C = 15.5

|Dec high C = 10.4

|Jan mean C = 4.0

|Feb mean C = 6.4

|Mar mean C = 10.5

|Apr mean C = 15.3

|May mean C = 18.6

|Jun mean C = 21.1

|Jul mean C = 23.4

|Aug mean C = 23.3

|Sep mean C = 19.6

|Oct mean C = 15.0

|Nov mean C = 10.5

|Dec mean C = 5.4

|Jan low C = 0.6

|Feb low C = 2.9

|Mar low C = 6.7

|Apr low C = 11.1

|May low C = 14.4

|Jun low C = 17.1

|Jul low C = 19.3

|Aug low C = 19.3

|Sep low C = 16.4

|Oct low C = 12.0

|Nov low C = 7.1

|Dec low C = 2.0

|Jan record high C = 16.9 |Jan record low C = -7.0

|Feb record high C = 23.6 |Feb record low C = -6.4

|Mar record high C = 32.7 |Mar record low C = -4.4

|Apr record high C = 32.7 |Apr record low C = 2.5

|May record high C = 33.9 |May record low C = 6.6

|Jun record high C = 35.1 |Jun record low C = 10.5

|Jul record high C = 37.1 |Jul record low C = 13.4

|Aug record high C = 35.5 |Aug record low C = 12.6

|Sep record high C = 34.4 |Sep record low C = 9.3

|Oct record high C = 27.9 |Oct record low C = 3.2

|Nov record high C = 24.2 |Nov record low C = -1.4

|Dec record high C = 22.0 |Dec record low C = -7.4

|year high C= |year low C=

|year high F = |year low F =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 2.6

|Feb precipitation mm = 6.1

|Mar precipitation mm = 20.9

|Apr precipitation mm = 52.5

|May precipitation mm = 70.5

|Jun precipitation mm = 83.1

|Jul precipitation mm = 72.6

|Aug precipitation mm = 78.9

|Sep precipitation mm = 60.4

|Oct precipitation mm = 43.1

|Nov precipitation mm = 10.0

|Dec precipitation mm = 1.6

|Jan humidity = 62

|Feb humidity = 62

|Mar humidity = 62

|Apr humidity = 63

|May humidity = 64

|Jun humidity = 68

|Jul humidity = 69

|Aug humidity = 68

|Sep humidity = 71

|Oct humidity = 72

|Nov humidity = 67

|Dec humidity = 63

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 4.6

|Feb precipitation days = 6.2

|Mar precipitation days = 11.3

|Apr precipitation days = 16.2

|May precipitation days = 18.2

|Jun precipitation days = 18.6

|Jul precipitation days = 16.6

|Aug precipitation days = 14.9

|Sep precipitation days = 15.5

|Oct precipitation days = 15.4

|Nov precipitation days = 6.6

|Dec precipitation days = 2.2

|year precipitation days =

|Jan sun = 121.1

|Feb sun = 112.3

|Mar sun = 130.7

|Apr sun = 148.8

|May sun = 138.4

|Jun sun = 109.8

|Jul sun = 135.5

|Aug sun = 140.4

|Sep sun = 98.4

|Oct sun = 93.5

|Nov sun = 112.3

|Dec sun = 118.7

|year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 38

| Feb percentsun = 36

| Mar percentsun = 35

| Apr percentsun = 38

| May percentsun = 32

| Jun percentsun = 26

| Jul percentsun = 32

| Aug percentsun = 35

| Sep percentsun = 27

| Oct percentsun = 27

| Nov percentsun = 36

| Dec percentsun = 38

| year percentsun =

|Jan snow days = 7.6

|Feb snow days = 4.2

|Mar snow days = 0.7

|Apr snow days = 0.1

|May snow days = 0

|Jun snow days = 0

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0

|Oct snow days = 0

|Nov snow days = 0.2

|Dec snow days = 2.2

|year snow days =

|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=13 April 2023}}

{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =13 April 2023}}

}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Wenchuan County}}

{{Wiktionary|Wenchuan}}

{{wikivoyage|Wenchuan}}

• [http://www.wenchuan.gov.cn Official website of Wenchuan County Government]

{{County-level divisions of Sichuan}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:County-level divisions of Sichuan

Category:Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture