WiGig

{{short description|Type of wireless local area network based on IEEE 802.11}}

WiGig, alternatively known as 60 GHz Wi-Fi,{{cite web|url=https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/connectivity/wifi-ieee-802-11/802-11ad-wigig-gigabit-microwave.phpWiGig:|title=IEEE 802.11ad 60GHz Microwave Wi-Fi}} refers to a set of 60 GHz wireless network protocols.{{cite web|url=https://www.lifewire.com/introduction-to-60-ghz-wireless-network-protocols-817936|title=Understanding 60 GHz Wireless Network Protocols}} It includes the current IEEE 802.11ad standard and also the IEEE 802.11ay standard.{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2018/10/03/wi-fi-alliance-rebrands-802-11ac-as-wi-fi-5-picks-802-11ax-as-wi-fi-6/|title=Wi-Fi Alliance rebrands 802.11ac as Wi-Fi 5, picks 802.11ax as Wi-Fi 6|date=3 October 2018}}

The WiGig specification allows devices to communicate without wires at multi-gigabit speeds. It enables high-performance wireless data, display and audio applications that supplement the capabilities of previous wireless LAN devices. WiGig tri-band-enabled devices, which operate in the 2.4, 5 and 60 GHz bands, deliver data transfer rates up to 7 Gbit/s (for 11ad), about as fast as an 8-band 802.11ac transmission, and more than eleven times faster than the highest 802.11n rate, while maintaining compatibility with existing Wi-Fi devices. The 60 GHz millimeter wave signal cannot typically penetrate walls but can propagate by reflection from walls, ceilings, floors and objects using beamforming built into the WiGig system.{{cite journal | author=Smulders, Peter | title=Statistical Characterization of 60-GHz Indoor Radio Channels [Invited Paper] | journal=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation | volume=57 | issue=12 | pages=2820–2829 | date=August 18, 2009 | doi=10.1109/TAP.2009.2030524}} When roaming away from 60 GHz coverage, the protocol can switch to make use of the other, lower bands, both of which can propagate through walls, with a much lower data rate where the higher rates are not needed.{{cite web | url =http://btreport.net/2013/02/is-802-11ad-the-ultimate-cable-replacement/ | title = Is 802.11ad the Ultimate Cable Replacement? | work = Broadband Technology Report (BTR)

}}{{cite web | url =https://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet70/oet70a.pdf | title = Millimeter Wave Propagation: Spectrum Management Implications | work = FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION OFFICE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, Bulletin Number 70 July, 1997)}}

802.11ay has a transmission rate of 20 to 40 Gbit/s and an extended transmission distance of 300 to 500 meters.{{Cite web|title=IEEE 802.11ay / NG60 - Next Generation 60 GHz|url=https://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/net/2112051.htm|access-date=2021-04-24|website=www.elektronik-kompendium.de|language=de-DE}} 802.11ay should not be confused with the similarly named 802.11ax that was released in 2019. The 802.11ay standard is designed to run at much higher frequencies. The lower frequency of 802.11ax enables it to penetrate walls, something that the 11ay standard struggles to do.{{Cite web | url=http://www.cablefree.net/wirelesstechnology/wireless-lan/ieee802-11ay | title=802.11ay wireless technology: Next-gen 60GHz WiFi}}

The name WiGig comes from Wireless Gigabit Alliance, the original association being formed to promote the adoption of IEEE 802.11ad. However, it is now certified by Wi-Fi Alliance.{{cite web|url=https://5g.co.uk/guides/what-is-wigig/|title=What is WiGig|website=5g.co.uk}}

History

In May 2009, formation of Wireless Gigabit Alliance was announced to promote the IEEE 802.11ad protocol.{{cite journal

| title = IEEE 802.11ad: directional 60 GHz communication for multi-Gigabit-per-second Wi-Fi [Invited Paper]

| date = December 11, 2014 | doi = 10.1109/MCOM.2014.6979964

| last1 = Nitsche

| first1 = Thomas

| last2 = Cordeiro

| first2 = Carlos

| last3 = Flores

| first3 = Adriana

| last4 = Knightly

| first4 = Edward

| last5 = Perahia

| first5 = Eldad

| last6 = Widmer

| first6 = Joerg

| journal = IEEE Communications Magazine

| volume = 52

| issue = 12

| pages = 132–141

}}

{{cite web

| url = http://gigaom.com/2009/05/06/wigig-alliance-to-push-6-gbps-wireless-in-the-home/

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090509181043/http://gigaom.com/2009/05/06/wigig-alliance-to-push-6-gbps-wireless-in-the-home/

| url-status = dead

| archive-date = May 9, 2009

| title = WiGig Alliance to Push 6 Gbps Wireless in the Home | work = GigaOm

| first = Stacey | last = Higginbotham | date = May 6, 2009 |accessdate= November 14, 2013

}}{{cite web

| url = https://venturebeat.com/2009/05/06/wigig-alliance-seeks-to-introduce-60-gigahertz-wireless-video-transfer-to-homes/

| title = WiGig Alliance seeks to bring super-fast wireless video transfer to homes | work = VentureBeat

| first = Dean | last = Takahash | date = 2009-05-06

}}{{cite web

| url = http://wifinetnews.com/archives/2009/05/wigig_unites_60_ghz_wireless_development.html

| title = WiGig Unites 60 GHz Wireless Development | work = Wi-Fi Net News

}}{{cite web

| url = http://www.smallnetbuilder.com/content/view/30816/100/

| title = Why WiGig? | work = Small Net Builder

| first = Tim | last = Higgins | date = 2009-05-08

}}{{cite web

| url = http://news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-10235607-94.html?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-5

| title = Tech giants back superfast WiGig standard | work = CNET

| first = Marguerite | last = Reardon | date = 2009-05-07

}}

In December 2009, the completed version 1.0 WiGig specification was announced.{{cite web

| url = https://www.engadget.com/2009/12/10/wigig-alliance-completes-multi-gigabit-60ghz-wireless-specificat/

| title = WiGig Alliance completes multi-gigabit 60 GHz wireless specification: let the streaming begin

| first = Darren | last = Murph | date= 2009-12-10 | work = Engadget

}}{{cite web

| url = http://www.eetimes.com/news/semi/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=222001375&pgno=1

| title = WiGig group gives first peak at 60 GHz spec | work = EE Times

| first = Rick | last = Merritt | date= 2009-12-10

}}{{cite news

| url = https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2356980,00.asp

| title = WiGig Alliance Finalizes Spec, Tri-Band Wi-Fi in 2010? | work = PC Mag

| first = Mark | last = Hachman | date=2009-12-10

}}{{cite web

| url = https://venturebeat.com/2009/12/10/wigig-alliance-creates-next-generation-wireless-networking-standard/

| title = WiGig Alliance creates next-generation wireless networking standard | work = Venture Beat

| first = Dean | last = Takahashi | date= 2009-12-10

}}{{cite web

| url = http://www.pcworld.com/article/184178/wigig_fast_wireless_group_finishes_standard.html

| title = WiGig Fast Wireless Group Finishes Standard | work =PC Mag

| first = Stephen | last = Lawson | date= 2009-12-10

}}

In May 2010, WiGig Alliance announced the publication of its specification, the opening of its Adopter Program, and the liaison agreement with the Wi-Fi Alliance to cooperate on the expansion of Wi-Fi technologies.{{cite web

| url = http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20091210005111&newsLang=en

| title =WiGig Alliance Announces Completion of its Multi-Gigabit Wireless Specification

| work = Businesswire

}}{{cite press release

| url =http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/wi-fi-alliancer-and-wigigtm-alliance-to-cooperate-on-expansion-of-wi-fi-technologies-93250859.html

| title = Wi-Fi Alliance and WiGig Alliance to Cooperate on Expansion of Wi-Fi Technologies

| work = PR Newswire

}}

In June 2011, WiGig announced the release of its certification-ready version 1.1 specification.
In December 2012, the IEEE Standards Association published IEEE 802.11ad-2012 as an amendment to the overall IEEE 802.11 standard family.{{cite book |title= IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and information exchange between systems—Local and metropolitan area networks—Specific requirements-Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 3: Enhancements for Very High Throughput in the 60 GHz Band |publisher= IEEE SA |date= December 24, 2012 |doi= 10.1109/IEEESTD.2012.6392842 |isbn= 978-0-7381-8096-0 }}
In 2016, Wi-Fi Alliance launched certification program for WiGig products.{{cite web|url=https://www.cablinginstall.com/articles/pt/2016/10/wi-fi-alliance-makes-wigig-official-for-60-ghz-multi-gigabit-networking.html|title=Wi-Fi Alliance makes WiGig official for 60 GHz multi-gigabit networking|website=www.cablinginstall.com}}
The second generation WiGig standard, IEEE 802.11ay, was published on July 28, 2021. {{Cite web|url=http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/802.11_Timelines.htm|title=IEEE 802.11, The Working Group Setting the Standards for Wireless LANs|website=www.ieee802.org|language=en|access-date=2021-11-01}}

Specification

The WiGig MAC and PHY Specification, version 1.1 includes the following capabilities:{{cite news |title=WiGig Alliance Announces Completion of its Multi-Gigabit Wireless Specification |url=http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20091210005111&newsLang=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206021342/http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20091210005111&newsLang=en |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |publisher=BusinessWire |date=10 December 2009}}{{cite web

| url = http://wigig.org/specifications/

| title = WiGig Alliance Specifications Page | publisher = WiGig Alliance

}}

Supports data transmission rates up to 7 Gbit/s – just over eleven times faster than the highest 802.11n rate
Supplements and extends the 802.11 Media Access Control (MAC) layer and is backward compatible with the IEEE 802.11 standard
Physical layer enables low power and high performance WiGig devices, guaranteeing interoperability and communication at gigabit per second rates
Protocol adaptation layers are being developed to support specific system interfaces including data buses for PC peripherals and display interfaces for HDTVs, monitors and projectors
Support for beamforming, enabling robust communication at up to 10 meters. The beams can move within the coverage area through modification of the transmission phase of individual antenna elements, which is called phased array antenna beamforming.
Widely used advanced security and power management for WiGig devices

Applications

On November 3, 2010, WiGig Alliance announced the WiGig version 1.0 A/V and I/O protocol adaptation layer (PAL) specifications. The application specifications have been developed to support specific system interfaces including extensions for PC peripherals and display interfaces for HDTVs, monitors and projectors.

WiGig Display Extension

Supports wireless transmission of audio/visual data
Enables wireless DisplayPort and other display interfaces that include the High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection 2.0 feature.
Offers key A/V applications, such as the transmission of lightly compressed or uncompressed video from a computer or digital camera to an HDTV, monitor or projector

WiGig Bus Extension and WiGig Serial Extension. The WiGig Bus Extension (WBE) was available to members in 2011.{{cite web | url = http://www.v3.co.uk/v3-uk/news/2081829/wigig-alliance-issues-update-generation-wireless/page/2 | title = WiGig Alliance issues 1.1 update for next-generation wireless | publisher = V3.co | first =Daniel | last = Robinson | date = 2011-06-28}}

Define high-performance wireless implementations of widely used computer interfaces over 60 GHz
Enable multi-gigabit wireless connectivity between any two devices, such as connection to storage and other high-speed peripherals

Competition

WiGig competes with other 60 GHz frequency band transmission standards like WirelessHD in some applications.

Channels

Regional spectrum allocations vary by region limiting the available number of channels in some regions. As of October 2016 the US is the only region supporting all six channels, while other regions are considering to follow suit.Wi-Fi CERTIFIED WiGig™: Wi-Fi® expands to 60 GHz

, Wi-Fi Alliance, October 2016 wp_Wi-Fi_CERTIFIED_WiGig_20161024.pdf

Single-carrier and Control-PHY data rates

MCS index ! Modulation type ! Coding rate ! Phy rate (Mbit/s) ! Sensitivity power (dBm) ! Tx EVM (dB)
class="wikitable"
0 (Control-PHY)	DSSS with 32 {{frac\|π\|2}}-BPSK chips per bit	1/2	27.5	−78	−6
1	{{frac\|π\|2}}-BPSK (with each bit repeated twice)	1/2	385	−68	−6
2	rowspan="4" \| {{frac\|π\|2}}-BPSK	1/2	770	−66	−7
3	5/8	962.5	−65	−9
4	3/4	1155	−64	−10
5	13/16	1251.25	−62	−12
6	rowspan="4" \| {{frac\|π\|2}}-QPSK	1/2	1540	−63	−11
7	5/8	1925	−62	−12
8	3/4	2310	−61	−13
9	13/16	2502.5	−59	−15
10	rowspan="3" \| {{frac\|π\|2}}-16-QAM	1/2	3080	−55	−19
11	5/8	3850	−54	−20
12	3/4	4620	−53	−21

[[OFDM]] data rates

The use of the OFDM mode is obsolete and removed in 802.11-2020.

MCS index	Modulation type	Coding rate	Phy rate (Mbit/s)	Sensitivity (dBm)	EVM (dB)
class="wikitable"
13	rowspan="2" \| SQPSK	1/2	693	−66	−7
14	5/8	866.25	−64	−9
15	rowspan="3" \| QPSK	1/2	1386	−63	−10
16	5/8	1732.5	−62	−11
17	3/4	2079	−60	−13
18	rowspan="4" \| 16-QAM	1/2	2772	−58	−15
19	5/8	3465	−56	−17
20	3/4	4158	−54	−19
21	13/16	4504.5	−53	−20
22	rowspan="3" \| 64-QAM	5/8	5197.5	−51	−22
23	3/4	6237	−49	−24
24	13/16	6756.75	−47	−26

Low-power single-carrier data rates

MCS index	Modulation type	Coding rate	Phy rate (Mbit/s)	Sensitivity (dBm)	EVM (dB)
class="wikitable"
25	rowspan="3" \| {{frac\|π\|2}}-BPSK	13/28	626	−64	−7
26	13/21	834	−60	−9
27	52/63	1112	rowspan="5" \| −57	−10
28	rowspan="4" \| {{frac\|π\|2}}-QPSK	13/28	1251	−12
29	13/21	1668	−12
30	52/63	2224	−13
31	13/14	2503	−15

References

Category:Wireless networking standards

Category:IEEE standards

WiGig

History

Specification

Applications

Competition

Channels

Single-carrier and Control-PHY data rates

[[OFDM]] data rates

Low-power single-carrier data rates

See also

References