Wieluń

Wieluń was first mentioned in a 1282 document as the town of Velun (in 1283: Vilin).{{cite book |last=Rosin |first=Ryszard |date=1963 |title=Słownik historyczno-geograficzny ziemi wieluńskiej w średniowieczu |trans-title=Historical and Geographis Dictionary of the Wieluń Lands in the Middle Ages |url= |language=pl |location=Warsaw |publisher=Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe |pages=169–173|isbn=}} The exact origin of the name has not been explained. Historians claim that either it comes from a Slavic word "vel" (which means a wetland), or from a given name Wielisław. Jan Długosz wrote that Wieluń was located in the area abundant with water, which may mean that the former theory is correct.

File:Wielun staryRynek ok1910 z widokiemNaKoscioly MIchala i Jozefa.jpg

The Land of Wieluń (ziemia wieluńska, Terra Velumensis) was a historic land of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which for centuries was part of Sieradz Voivodeship, Greater Poland Province.

It was based on the medieval Castellany of Ruda (located some {{convert|4|km|0|abbr=on}} from Wieluń), which was established in the 10th or 11th century. Ruda was the seat of a castellan and a Roman Catholic archdeacon, which made it the center of local administration. In the mid-13th century, however, the importance of Ruda diminished, at the expense of Wieluń, which was located in a more convenient spot. In 1281, the castellan's office was moved to Wieluń, and by 1299, the term Land of Ruda (Ziemia rudzka) had been replaced in documents by Land of Wieluń (Ziemia wieluńska).

The medieval Castellany of Ruda, which was established in the 10th or 11th century. The Castellany of Ruda was first mentioned in the 1136 Bull of Gniezno, and during the period known as Fragmentation of Poland (see Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth), it was part of the Seniorate Province.

As a result of ongoing power struggles in the districts during Fragmentation of Poland, Mieszko III the Old regained Greater Poland in 1181 and incorporated the Wieluń Land into it. In the late 12th century, the Castellany was acquired by Duke Władysław Odonic, and in 1217 it became property of Władysław III Spindleshanks. Later on, it was ruled by the Dukes of Silesia from the Duchy of Opole, and in the second half of the 13th century, was in Duchy of Greater Poland. In 1281, the castellany was moved from Ruda to Wieluń, and since then, it has been called the Land of Wieluń.

File:Mury obronne i baszta męczarnia, Wieluń.jpg

The settlement of Wieluń was founded probably in c. 1220 by Duke Władysław Odonic. It was first mentioned in documents in 1282, and probably in the same year it received a town charter. In the mid-14th century King Casimir III the Great built a castle here, which was part of defensive system protecting the border between the Kingdom of Poland and Czech-ruled Silesia. The castle itself was remodeled several times, due to frequent fires and wars. Currently, there is a Classicistic palace in its location.

In both Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Land of Wieluń as part of Sieradz Voivodeship had its own civil servants, offices and courts, and the Castellan of Wieluń was one of Senators of Poland. The land had four starostas – at Wieluń itself, Ostrzeszów, Bolesławiec and Grabów nad Prosną. Two deputies to the Sejm were elected at Wieluń's Sejmiks, furthermore, the Voivode of Sieradz (of the Sieradz Voivodeship) was obliged to appoint his deputy from Wieluń.

File:AGAD Wladyslaw Jagiello, krol polski, wydaje mandat do zupników zlecajacy wydawanie soli dla mieszczan wielunskich.png regarding salt trade, granted by King Władysław II Jagiełło in 1402]]

In 1370, following the last will of Casimir the Great, King Louis I of Hungary handed the Land of Wieluń to Duke of Opole, Władysław Opolczyk. In the same period, the Archbishop of Gniezno, Jarosław of Bogoria and Skotnik built a manor house in Wieluń. The town remained in the hands of Władysław Opolczyk until 1395, when it was returned to Poland. Wieluń quickly developed, in the 1390s a Paulists church together with an abbey were built, and in 1413, Archbishop Mikołaj Trąba moved the ancient collegiate church from Ruda to Wieluń. In the 1440s and 1450s, Wieluń was frequently destroyed in raids of Silesian dukes. By that time, it had already been an important center of commerce and government.

The Land of Wieluń had its own coat of arms, established between 1410 and 1434. It can be found on the tomb of King Władysław II Jagiełło, together with coats of arms of Poland, Lithuania, Ruthenia, Greater Poland, and the Dobrzyń Land. Historically, the Land of Wieluń covers current counties of Wieluń, Ostrzeszów, Kępno and Wieruszów, as well as some locations in the counties of Olesno and Pajęczno.

Wieluń prospered in the 16th century, the so-called Polish Golden Age. It was a royal city of Poland and capital of the Land of Wieluń, part of the Sieradz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. At the beginning of the 17th century, the mother of future Grand Crown Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski, one of the greatest commanders in Polish history, founded a Renaissance monastery of the Bernardine nuns in Wieluń, now housing a museum dedicated to the town's history. The town was devastated in the War of the Polish Succession, as the Battle of Byczyna took place near Wieluń. Good times ended in the catastrophic Swedish invasion (1655–1660), when the town was ransacked and burned both by the Swedish invaders, and by Polish troops, who took revenge on its Protestant residents for their support of the Lutheran Swedes. Finally, in 1707–1711, Wieluń's population was decimated by a plague (see miasma theory), which killed 2,000. Following the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Wieluń briefly belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia, in 1807 it became part of the newly formed, but short-lived, Polish Duchy of Warsaw, and in 1815 it became part of Russian-controlled Congress Poland, where it remained until World War I. The town burned twice (1791, 1858), and after the second fire, it was rebuilt in a new shape. After World War I, Poland regained independence in 1918, and in the interbellum Wieluń was a county seat in the Łódź Voivodeship.

File:Zniszczenia1939 0.jpg on 1 September 1939]]

On 1 September 1939, the city was bombed by the German Luftwaffe in the first action of World War II (apart from the Jabłonków Incident on 25/26 August). In the Bombing of Wieluń, German planes destroyed most of the town centre, including a clearly marked hospital, a synagogue, and the historic Gothic church, and killed at least 127 civilians. According to Norman Davies, the bombings destroyed three quarters of the town.{{cite web |last1=Davies |first1=Norman |author-link1=Norman Davies |title=We must not forget the real causes of the war |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/we-must-not-forget-the-real-causes-of-the-war-1778973.html |work=The Independent |access-date=30 August 2018}} Thousands were injured and many fled. No Polish military units were present in Wieluń at that time (31 August – 1 September 1939).{{cite web |title=Oddziałowa Komisja w Łodzi (stan na maj 2018 r.). Śledztwo w sprawie zabójstwa przez lotników niemieckich w dniu 1 września 1939 roku, podczas bombardowania miasta, 32 pacjentów Szpitala w Wieluniu oraz kilkuset Polaków i Żydów, którzy zginęli w innych miejscach podczas bombardowania miasta, to jest o zbrodnię nazistowską stanowiącą zbrodnię wojenną (S 10.2004.Zn). |url=http://lodz.ipn.gov.pl/pl6/sledztwa/sledztwa/oddzialowa-komisja-w-lo/31454,Sledztwa-zakonczone-wydaniem-postanowienia-o-umorzeniu.html |website=lodz.ipn.gov.pl |publisher=IPN |access-date=30 August 2018 |language=pl |date=May 2018}}

By decision from 5 September 1939, one of the first three German special courts in occupied Poland was established in the town; it was eventually moved to Piotrków Trybunalski on September 22, 1939.{{cite magazine|last=Grabowski|first=Waldemar|year=2009|title=Polacy na ziemiach II RP włączonych do III Rzeszy|magazine=Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej|language=pl|publisher=IPN|issue=8–9 (103–104)|page=62|issn=1641-9561}} On 6–8 September 1939 the Einsatzgruppe II entered the town, and mass searches of Polish offices and organizations were carried out.{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2009|title=Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=IPN|page=118}} Already on September 8, 1939, inhabitants of Wieluń were among the 30 Poles massacred by German troops in Chechło near Pabianice.Wardzyńska (2009), p. 95 Wieluń was annexed to Nazi Germany on 8 October 1939 and placed under the administration of Reichsgau Wartheland. The Germans instigated a reign of terror against the Jewish population of Wieluń, which had lived there since the 1500s and amounted to around 4,000 people at the beginning of the war. Jews were kidnapped for forced labour with little pay.

File:Wieluń pomnik nauczycieli poległych wlatach1939-45.jpg

Around 40 Poles from Wieluń were murdered by the Soviets in the large Katyn massacre in April to May 1940.{{cite web|url=http://www.um.wielun.pl/aktualnosci/2732-80-rocznica-zbrodni-katynskiej.html|title=80. rocznica Zbrodni Katyńskiej|website=UM Wieluń|access-date=29 December 2020|language=pl}} In June 1940, the Germans expelled around 200 Poles, owners of villas, which were handed over to new German officials or converted to German offices.{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2017|title=Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939–1945|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=IPN|page=251|isbn=978-83-8098-174-4}} During the German occupation, a transit camp was operated in the town for Poles expelled from the region, who were then either deported to the so-called General Government in the eastern part of German-occupied Poland or to forced labour in Germany and German-occupied France or sent as slave laborers to new German colonists in the town's vicinity.Wardzyńska (2017), p. 251, 306, 308, 336 The Germans also established and operated a Nazi prison in the town,{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=100001025|title=NS-Gefängnis Welun|website=Bundesarchiv.de|access-date=29 November 2020|language=de}} and looted the local historical numismatic collection, which they sent to a newly established German museum in occupied Poznań.{{cite book|last=Grochowina|first=Sylwia|year=2017|title=Cultural policy of the Nazi occupying forces in the Reich district Gdańsk–West Prussia, the Reich district Wartheland, and the Reich district of Katowice in the years 1939–1945|location=Toruń|page=97|isbn=978-83-88693-73-1}} In 1941, Jews were forced into a ghetto. Many were then sent away to labour camps. In January 1942, the German publicly hanged ten Jews. Later that year, the 2,000 Jews still remaining in the city and others brought to Wieluń were rounded up and confined for several days in a church building without food or water. Several died there of exhaustion, others were murdered and 900 were then selected and sent to the Łódź ghetto. The rest were sent to the Chełmno extermination camp, where they were immediately gassed. Seventy to one hundred Wieluń Jews survived the war, and many returned to the city although most left soon afterward.{{cite book |last1=Megargee |first1=Geoffrey |title=Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos |date=2012 |publisher=University of Indiana Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=978-0-253-35599-7 |page=Volume II 114–115}}

The city was liberated on 19 January 1945 by troops of the Soviet 1st Ukrainian Front in the course of the Sandomierz–Silesian Offensive.

Wieluń has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) using the {{convert|-3|C|F|0}} isotherm or a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb) using the {{convert|0|C|F|0}} isotherm.{{cite journal|last1=Kottek|first1=Markus|last2=Grieser|first2=Jürgen|last3=Beck|first3=Christoph|last4=Rudolf|first4=Bruno |last5=Rubel|first5=Franz|title=World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated|journal=Meteorologische Zeitschrift|date=2006|volume=15|issue=3|pages=259–263|doi=10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130|bibcode=2006MetZe..15..259K|url=https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/40083/metz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf}}{{cite journal |author1=Peel, M. C. |author2=Finlayson B. L. |author3=McMahon, T. A. |name-list-style=amp |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |issn=1027-5606|url=https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |doi-access=free }}

{{Weather box

| location = Wieluń (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)

| metric first = y

| single line = y

| Jan record high C = 13.8

| Feb record high C = 18.0

| Mar record high C = 23.8

| Apr record high C = 29.5

| May record high C = 31.7

| Jun record high C = 36.4

| Jul record high C = 36.4

| Aug record high C = 37.1

| Sep record high C = 34.8

| Oct record high C = 26.3

| Nov record high C = 19.9

| Dec record high C = 15.2

| year record high C = 37.1

| Jan high C = 1.7

| Feb high C = 3.3

| Mar high C = 7.9

| Apr high C = 14.7

| May high C = 19.5

| Jun high C = 22.8

| Jul high C = 25.1

| Aug high C = 24.9

| Sep high C = 19.4

| Oct high C = 13.4

| Nov high C = 7.4

| Dec high C = 2.7

| year high C = 13.6

| Jan mean C = -1.0

| Feb mean C = 0.1

| Mar mean C = 3.5

| Apr mean C = 9.2

| May mean C = 13.9

| Jun mean C = 17.2

| Jul mean C = 19.3

| Aug mean C = 19.0

| Sep mean C = 14.2

| Oct mean C = 9.1

| Nov mean C = 4.3

| Dec mean C = 0.3

| year mean C = 9.1

| Jan low C = -3.4

| Feb low C = -2.7

| Mar low C = 0.1

| Apr low C = 4.2

| May low C = 8.7

| Jun low C = 12.0

| Jul low C = 13.9

| Aug low C = 13.8

| Sep low C = 9.8

| Oct low C = 5.7

| Nov low C = 1.9

| Dec low C = -1.9

| year low C = 5.2

| Jan record low C = -29.0

| Feb record low C = -28.0

| Mar record low C = -19.4

| Apr record low C = -7.0

| May record low C = -2.4

| Jun record low C = -1.6

| Jul record low C = 4.1

| Aug record low C = 2.4

| Sep record low C = -2.9

| Oct record low C = -7.7

| Nov record low C = -17.3

| Dec record low C = -25.3

| year record low C = -29.0

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 33.8

| Feb precipitation mm = 30.9

| Mar precipitation mm = 37.0

| Apr precipitation mm = 35.8

| May precipitation mm = 69.6

| Jun precipitation mm = 70.3

| Jul precipitation mm = 90.7

| Aug precipitation mm = 51.5

| Sep precipitation mm = 51.2

| Oct precipitation mm = 42.0

| Nov precipitation mm = 37.9

| Dec precipitation mm = 36.9

| year precipitation mm = 587.6

| Jan snow depth cm = 6.7

| Feb snow depth cm = 6.0

| Mar snow depth cm = 4.1

| Apr snow depth cm = 1.2

| May snow depth cm = 0.0

| Jun snow depth cm = 0.0

| Jul snow depth cm = 0.0

| Aug snow depth cm = 0.0

| Sep snow depth cm = 0.0

| Oct snow depth cm = 0.5

| Nov snow depth cm = 1.7

| Dec snow depth cm = 3.6

| year snow depth cm =

| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 16.81

| Feb precipitation days = 14.57

| Mar precipitation days = 14.27

| Apr precipitation days = 11.70

| May precipitation days = 13.33

| Jun precipitation days = 14.17

| Jul precipitation days = 14.17

| Aug precipitation days = 12.43

| Sep precipitation days = 11.83

| Oct precipitation days = 13.63

| Nov precipitation days = 13.70

| Dec precipitation days = 16.27

| year precipitation days = 166.88

| unit snow days = 0 cm

| Jan snow days = 14.9

| Feb snow days = 13.6

| Mar snow days = 6.1

| Apr snow days = 0.9

| May snow days = 0.0

| Jun snow days = 0.0

| Jul snow days = 0.0

| Aug snow days = 0.0

| Sep snow days = 0.0

| Oct snow days = 0.3

| Nov snow days = 3.1

| Dec snow days = 9.6

| year snow days = 48.5

| Jan humidity = 85.9

| Feb humidity = 83.0

| Mar humidity = 76.9

| Apr humidity = 68.5

| May humidity = 70.5

| Jun humidity = 71.4

| Jul humidity = 70.4

| Aug humidity = 70.1

| Sep humidity = 76.6

| Oct humidity = 82.4

| Nov humidity = 86.9

| Dec humidity = 87.4

| year humidity = 76.1

| Jan sun = 51.1

| Feb sun = 69.6

| Mar sun = 123.5

| Apr sun = 188.9

| May sun = 240.7

| Jun sun = 234.7

| Jul sun = 245.4

| Aug sun = 232.4

| Sep sun = 163.8

| Oct sun = 114.9

| Nov sun = 58.0

| Dec sun = 43.3

| year sun = 1766.2

| source 1 = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115527/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE

| archive-date = 3 December 2021

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE

| title = Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991–2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 22 February 2022}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043924/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE

| archive-date = 15 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE

| title = Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991–2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 22 February 2022}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044916/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE

| archive-date = 15 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE

| title = Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991–2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 22 February 2022}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220109045820/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA

| archive-date = 9 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA

| title = Miesięczna suma opadu

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991–2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 22 February 2022}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115051112/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01

| archive-date = 15 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01

| title = Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991–2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 22 February 2022}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054936/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB

| archive-date = 15 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB

| title = Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991–2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 22 February 2022}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044246/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0

| archive-date = 21 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0

| title = Liczba dni z pokrywą śnieżna > 0 cm

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991–2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 22 February 2022}}

{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055331/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL

| archive-date = 15 January 2022

| url = https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL

| title = Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)

| work = Normy klimatyczne 1991–2020

| publisher = Institute of Meteorology and Water Management

| language = pl

| access-date = 22 February 2022}}

|source 2 = Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)

{{cite web

| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=351180455&par=tmax&max_empty=3

| title = Wieluń Absolutna temperatura maksymalna

| publisher = Meteomodel.pl

| language = pl

| access-date = 22 February 2022}}

{{cite web

| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=351180455&par=tmin&max_empty=3

| title = Wieluń Absolutna temperatura minimalna

| publisher = Meteomodel.pl

| language = pl

| access-date = 22 February 2022}}

{{cite web

| url = https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=351180455&par=rh&max_empty=3

| title = Wieluń Średnia wilgotność

| publisher = Meteomodel.pl

| language = pl

| access-date = 22 February 2022}}

}}

{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |perrow=2 |total_width=350 |header=Sights of Wieluń (examples)

| image1 = Wieluń. Ratusz (7).jpg

| image2 = Wieluń - Kościół p.w. Bożego Ciała .jpg

| image3 = MuzeumZW.JPG

| image4 = Wieluń - Kościół p.w. św. Józefa.jpg

| image5 = Wieluń. Pomnik Witolda Pileckiego. (3).jpg

| image6 = Pl. Kazimierza WielkiegoWieluń2.JPG

| caption1 = Town Hall

| caption2 = Corpus Christi Collegiate church

| caption3 = Museum of Wieluń Land

| caption4 = St. Joseph Church

| caption5 = Monument of Witold Pilecki

| caption6 = King Casimir the Great Square

}}

Cultural heritage sights of Wieluń include the Town Hall, medieval defensive town walls, the former Piarist college, and several historic churches such as the Gothic Corpus Christi Collegiate church, the Gothic-Baroque Church of St. Nicholas, and Baroque churches of Saint Joseph and of the Annunciation of Mary.

The Museum of Wieluń Land (Muzeum Ziemi Wieluńskiej), located in the Renaissance Bernardine monastery, is the town's primary museum, dedicated to the history of Wieluń and its surroundings. It contains archaeological, ethnographic, historical and art collections.{{cite web|url=https://muzeum.wielun.pl/o-muzeum-slow-kilka/|title=O Muzeum słów kilka|website=Muzeum Ziemi Wieluńskiej w Wieluniu|author=Jan Książek|access-date=2 October 2022|language=pl}} Displayed artifacts include jewelry and weaponry from the Bronze Age and Middle Ages, weapons and memorabilia from the 19th-century Polish national liberation uprisings, religious paintings and traditional folk sculptures, and Biblia Brzeska, one of the oldest Polish translations of the Bible. There is also an exhibition dedicated to the German bombing of Wieluń at the start World War II.

There are monuments to notable people such as Witold Pilecki and Pope John Paul II in Wieluń. There are also several World War II memorials, dedicated to the victims of the German bombing of 1939, to local Poles murdered by the Soviets in the Katyn massacre, to local Jews murdered by the German occupiers in the Holocaust, etc.

The majority of the population are Catholic.

;Number of inhabitants in years

• 1900: 7,361Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. 6th edition, vol. 20, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 601 (in German).
• 1909: 9,095; incl. 3,444 Jews (37.8%), 352 Protestants (3.9%) and no Mariavites.Erich Zechlin: Die Bevölkerungs- und Grundbesitzverteilung im Zartum Polen (The distribution of population and property in tsaristic Poland). Reimer, Berlin 1916, pp. 90–91 {{in lang|de}}
• 1931: 13,220Der Große Brockhaus. 15th edition, vol. 20, Leipzig 1935, p. 303 (in German).
• 2006: 24,347

Wieluń is an important transportation hub. Main roads stemming from Wieluń include connection with Warsaw (to the north-east) and Wrocław (to the west), via the National Road {{Jct|country=POL|DK|74}}. There are also two national roads: number {{Jct|country=POL|DK|43}} to Częstochowa and {{Jct|country=POL|DK|45}} to Opole and Łódź.

Furthermore, there are two voivodeship (local) roads starting from Wieluń: road number 481 (going north-east) to Łask and road number 486 (going south-east) to Radomsko.

The biggest communication problem in Wieluń is huge traffic (including transit) in the center of the town, due to lack of bypasses. A bypass of National Road {{Jct|country=POL|DK|74}} was fully completed and opened in March 2017, later additional bypasses will be built. The first section of the eastern bypass has already been finished. In the area of Wieluń there is also expressway S8 (it is located near the northern outskirts of the town). Additionally, there is a plan to build the 70 km-long Kalisz-Wieluń Road in the future.

File:DK43 pilsudskiego wielun 2.JPG in Wieluń]]

Rail connection links Wieluń to Poznań and Katowice. The line was built in the 1920s, as the junction of Kluczbork remained within borders of Weimar Germany and direct rail communication between Polish part of Upper Silesia and Poznań was impossible. Therefore, it was crucial to construct a brand new line, which runs from Herby Nowe to Kępno. The line was one of the most important connections in the Second Polish Republic, but after World War II, when Kluczbork was annexed by Poland, it lost its importance.

Also, until the end of the 1980s, there was a narrow gauge railroad, which connected Wieluń with nearby Praszka. Currently, the town has two operating railway stations: Wieluń Dąbrowa and Wieluń Miasto. Wieluń is directly connected by rail with such cities as Tarnowskie Góry, Katowice, Poznań, Szczecin and Kępno. Once there was also a direct connection to Częstochowa and Lubliniec. Another means of communication with the surroundings and the entire country are buses. There is a modern (though built in 1976) bus station, which also handles international communication.

Wieluń, like most cities, has a municipal communications. In Wieluń runs 8 lines operated by a local transport company – PKS Wieluń. Public transportation has existed since 1988.

• Line A: Wieluń-Dąbrowa Railway Station – Rychłowice
• Line B: Gas bottling plant – Ruda
• Line C: Wieluń-Dąbrowa Railway Station – Olewin
• Line D: Kurów – Wierzchlas
• Line D – BIS: Wieluń-Dąbrowa Railway Station – POW street
• Line E: Gas bottling plant – Stare Sady housing estate
• Line G: Gas bottling plant – Częstochowska street
• Line H: Masłowice – Stare Sady housing estate

File:Pamapol Wielton Wieluń.jpg]]

The town has a sports club WKS Wieluń, established in 1957 after a merger of two earlier clubs. In the past, WKS Wieluń had several departments, such as track and field, basketball, table tennis, handball and association football. Currently, the only remaining department is football. Another notable club is {{interlanguage link|Siatkarz Wieluń|pl|display=1}}, volleyball team, which competes in the lower leagues, but in the past played in the PlusLiga, Poland's top division, most recently in the 2010–11 season.

• Teresa Janina Kierocińska (1885–1946), nun
• Piotr Paweł Morta (born 1959), political activist, dissident, economist, co-inventor, activist in underground "Solidarity"
• Jan Wątroba (born 1953), bishop of Rzeszów[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/rzes0.htm Diocese of Rzeszów, Poland], GCatholic.org.[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bwatroba.html Bishop Jan Franciszek Wątroba].
• Mariusz Wlazły (born 1983), volleyball player, World Champion

File:Stary Zamek w Wieluniu.jpg

• Downtown
• Armii Krajowej housing estate
• Bugaj housing estate
• Kopernika housing estate
• Stare Sady housing estate ("Old Orchards" housing estate )
• Wyszyńskiego housing estate
• Wojska Polskiego housing estate
• "Za szpitalem" (Behind Hospital housing estate)
• Niedzielsko
• Chrusty
• Berlinek
• Stodolniana housing estate
• Moniuszki housing estate
• Podszubienice
• Kijak
• Błonie

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}

Wieluń is twinned with:{{cite web|url=http://www.um.wielun.pl/index.php/miasta-partnerskie|title=Gmina Wieluń – Miasta partnerskie|access-date=2013-08-03|language=pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729111938/http://www.um.wielun.pl/index.php/miasta-partnerskie|archive-date=2012-07-29}}

• {{flagicon|GER}} Adelebsen, Germany
• {{flagicon|GER}} Osterburg, Germany
• {{flagicon|GER}} Ochtrup, Germany

• Bombing of Wieluń in World War II
• History of the Jewish community of Wieluń

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

• [http://www.um.wielun.pl/ Official website]

{{commons|Wieluń}}

{{Wieluń County}}

{{Gmina Wieluń}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Cities and towns in Łódź Voivodeship

Category:Wieluń County

Category:Capitals of former nations