Wikipedia:WikiProject Numismatics/newsletter/November 2019
| style="border-spacing: 2px; border: 1px solid darkgray; width: 100%;"
! style="text-align: center;" width="1%" |150px ! style="text-align: left; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 40px;" |The WikiProject Numismatics newsletter |
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 20px;" |Issue VIII |
|---|
{{horizontal TOC|limit=2}}
Article of the Month
{{TFAIMAGE|Euro coins and banknotes.jpg|Euro coins and banknotes}}
The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 of the 28 member states of the European Union. This group of states is known as the eurozone or euro area, and counts about 343 million citizens as of 2019. The euro, which is divided into 100 cents, is the second-largest and second-most traded currency in the foreign exchange market after the United States dollar.
The currency is also used officially by the institutions of the European Union, by four European microstates that are not EU members, as well as unilaterally by Montenegro and Kosovo. Outside Europe, a number of special territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency. Additionally, over 200 million people worldwide use currencies pegged to the euro.
The euro is the second-largest reserve currency as well as the second-most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar. As of August 2018, with more than €1.2 trillion in circulation, the euro has one of the highest combined values of banknotes and coins in circulation in the world, having surpassed the U.S. dollar.
The name euro was officially adopted on 16 December 1995 in Madrid. The euro was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, replacing the former European Currency Unit (ECU) at a ratio of 1:1 (US$1.1743). Physical euro coins and banknotes entered into circulation on 1 January 2002, making it the day-to-day operating currency of its original members, and by March 2002 it had completely replaced the former currencies. While the euro dropped subsequently to US$0.83 within two years (26 October 2000), it has traded above the U.S. dollar since the end of 2002, peaking at US$1.60 on 18 July 2008. In late 2009, the euro became immersed in the European sovereign-debt crisis, which led to the creation of the European Financial Stability Facility as well as other reforms aimed at stabilising and strengthening the currency. {{TFAFULL|Euro}}
News
= Project =
- The 2019 US Banknote Contest has started, users wishing to participate may join in here.
= Content =
Featured Articles
=== Other ===
- San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge half dollar (discussion) is under review for Featured Article status.
- Colored coin has been proposed for deletion.
On the Main Page
= Today's Featured Article =
| October 15 |
{{main page image|Dinar of al-Mu'tadid, AH 285.jpg|Gold dinar of al-Mu'tadid|width=209|caption align=center}}
Al-Mu'tadid (c. 857 – 5 April 902) was the Abbasid Caliph from 15 October 892 until his death. As a prince, he served under his father al-Muwaffaq during various military campaigns and helped suppress the Zanj Rebellion. As caliph, he restored to the Abbasid state some of the power it had lost during the turmoils of the previous decades. In a series of campaigns he recovered the provinces of Jazira, Thughur and Jibal, and effected a rapprochement with the Saffarids in the east and the Tulunids in the west. He brought the capital back to Baghdad, where he engaged in major building projects. He was a firm supporter of Sunni traditionalist orthodoxy, and notorious for his fiscal stringency and cruel punishments, but also interested in the learning and science that had flourished under his predecessors, promoting men like Thabit ibn Qurra, a mathematician and translator of Greek texts. His reign marks the last revival of the Abbasid empire before its terminal decline during the 10th century. {{TFAFULL|Al-Mu'tadid}} |
----
| October 16 |
{{main page image|1916 McKinley Birthplace Memorial uncirculated dollar.jpg|title=1916 McKinley Birthplace Memorial gold dollar, obverse (left) and reverse (right)|width=200}}
The McKinley Birthplace Memorial gold dollar was a commemorative coin struck by the United States Bureau of the Mint in 1916 and 1917, with the obverse designed by Mint Chief Engraver Charles E. Barber, and the reverse by his assistant, George T. Morgan. As William McKinley had appeared on a version of the 1903-dated Louisiana Purchase Exposition gold dollar, the 1916 release made him the first person to appear on two issues of U.S. coins. The coins benefitted the National McKinley Birthplace Memorial at Niles, Ohio. The issue was originally proposed as a silver dollar; this changed when it was realized it would not be appropriate to honor a president who had supported the gold standard with such a piece. The coins were poorly promoted, and did not sell well. Despite an authorized mintage of 100,000, only about 20,000 were sold, many of these at a reduced price to Texas coin dealer B. Max Mehl. Another 10,000 pieces were returned to the Mint for melting. {{TFAFULL|McKinley Birthplace Memorial gold dollar}} |
= Picture of the Day =
October 10
| File:US-Fractional (2nd Issue)-$0.05-Fr.1232.jpg
|{{POTD/2019-10-10|caption}} |
----
October 13
| File:SA-S654b-Boer War-Mafeking-10 Shillings (1900).jpg
|{{POTD/2019-10-13|caption}} |
{{clear}}
-----
New members are added to the subscriber list • If you are not a member and would like to receive this newsletter, or are a member but would not like to receive future issues, you may subscribe/unsubscribe here
Delivered by ZLEA via