Willys Hurricane engine
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox automobile engine
| name = Willys Hurricane
| image = Jeep M170 Ambulance el.jpg
| manufacturer = {{Unbulleted list | Willys | Kaiser-Jeep | American Motors (AMC) }}
| aka = {{Unbulleted list | F-134 | F-161 | Mitsubishi JH4, KE31, KE36 }}
| production = 1950–1971
| predecessor = {{Unbulleted list | Willys Go-Devil | Willys Lightning }}
| successor = Jeep Tornado engine
| configuration = F-head Straight-4 and Straight-6
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| valvetrain = IOE
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| weight = {{convert|470|lbs|kg|0|abbr=on}}
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The Willys F4-134 Hurricane was an inline-4 F-head piston engine that powered the M38A1 military Jeep in 1952, followed by the famous Jeep CJ in the CJ-3B, CJ-5, and CJ-6 models. It was also used in the Willys 473 and 475 pickups, wagons, and sedan deliveries. It replaced the Willys Go Devil engine that was used in the MB Jeep and other early Jeep-based models like the Jeepster. This engine was also built by Mitsubishi for their license-built Jeep, for other applications.
Design
The Hurricane was based on the earlier Go-Devil flathead engine. To enhance power from the engine, the induction system was changed from the Go-Devil's side-valve configuration to an inlet-over-exhaust configuration, or "F-head". This allowed the valves to be larger and the combustion chamber to be smaller, improving flow and increasing the compression ratio. The compression ratio rose from 6.5:1 in the Go-Devil engine to 7.5:1 in the Hurricane engine, although a version of the Hurricane engine was made with a 6.9:1 compression ratio.
F134
The L134 Go Devil was updated with the F-head to become the F134 in 1950.Brown, p. 74.{{cite book |last=Allen |first=Jim |title=Jeep 4x4 Performance Handbook |edition=Second |series=Motorbooks Workshop Series |volume=242 |year=2007 |publisher=MBI Publishing |isbn=978-0-7603-2687-9 |page=193 |chapter=Chapter 10 GO POWER Engine Performance |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=X95PU39mzSMC&q=willys+hurricane+F-head+engine+1950+1971+-Hawker&pg=PA169 |quote=1950–1971 F134 "Hurricane" Four-Cylinder F-head |accessdate=21 August 2014}} This engine produced a gross output of {{convert|75|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4000 rpm and {{convert|114|lb.ft|N·m|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 2000 rpm with a 7.5:1 compression ratio. The gross power and torque outputs decreased to {{convert|72|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|112|lb.ft|N·m|0|abbr=on}}, respectively, when the engine had a 6.9:1 compression ratio. Bore and stroke dimensions were the same as the L-head engine at {{fraction|3|1|8}} x {{fraction|4|3|8}} inches, giving {{convert|134.2|cuin|cc|0|abbr=on}}.Brown, p. 236
The F4-134 was introduced in 1950 in the Jeep Truck. Willys vehicles with this engine were designated 4-73 model.{{cite book |last=Allen |first=Jim |title=Jeep Collector's Library |edition=Third |year=1999 |publisher=MBI Publishing |isbn=0-7603-1979-0 |page=215 |chapter=Chapter 13: Two-Wheel Drive Jeeps |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=zTsAbTJB5RIC&q=willys+f+134+hurricane+-willy-willy+-outboard&pg=PA214 |quote=The F-head–powered Station Wagon became Model 4-73.|ref=AllenJeep |accessdate=21 August 2014}} This engine was unavailable in the CJ series until the introduction of the CJ-3B version in 1953, which had a distinctive high hood to accommodate the much taller engine.{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Arch |title=Jeep: The Unstoppable Legend |year=1994 |publisher=Publications International |isbn= 0-7853-0870-9 |pages=80, 82 |chapter=Chapter Five – Kaiser and the Jeep: 1953-55 |ref=Brown}} Production of this engine continued through 1971, which was after American Motors Corporation (AMC) purchased Kaiser Jeep in 1970.
Applications:
- 1950–1961 Willys Jeep Truck
- 1950–1961 Willys Jeep Wagon
- 1950 Willys-Overland Jeepster
- 1952–1971 Willys M38A1
- 1953 Willys 475A Lark
- 1953–1968 Willys CJ-3B
- 1955–1971 CJ-5
- 1956–1971 CJ-6
- 1965-1967 DJ-5
- 1966–1971 Jeepster Commando
F161
The F6-161 Hurricane is an F-head version of the L6-161 Lightning flathead straight six. It was available in the Model 685 Station Wagon.Allen, p. 228.
BF-161
The BF-161 has a {{fraction|3|1|8}} inch bore and a {{fraction|3|1|2}} inch stroke, a one-barrel carburetor, and an output of {{convert|90|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4400 rpm and {{convert|135|lb.ft|N·m|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 2000 rpm. Its {{convert|161.1|cuin|cc|0|abbr=on}} displacement features a compression ratio of 7.6:1.{{cite web |url= http://ruralwillys.tripod.com/diversos/motoreswillys.htm |title=Motores Willys 6 cilindros: BF-161, 2600, 3000 + Ford 4 cil. OHC 2300 |date=27 July 2002 |publisher=ruralwillys |language=Portuguese |accessdate=21 August 2014}}
2600
The 2600 was the same BF-161 engine made in Brazil by Willys-Overland's subsidiary, but it had two one-barrel carburetors (simultaneously opened) and had an output of {{convert|130|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4400 rpm and {{convert|140|lb.ft|N·m|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 2000 rpm. The compression ratio remained 7.6:1.
3000
The 3 L version is almost identical to the BF-161 engine, with the stroke increased to {{convert|4|in|mm|1}}, giving it a displacement of {{convert|3016.5|cc|cuin|1|abbr=on}}. With a two-barrel carburetor, it produced {{convert|140|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 4400 rpm and {{convert|161|lb.ft|N·m|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 2000 rpm. It also had a slightly higher compression ratio of 8:1. It initially used a different head with a removable intake manifold.
After Ford acquired Willys-Overland do Brasil, they reverted the engine to its former head design with an integral intake manifold. Ford also improved the cooling between cylinders 5 and 6 as well as incorporating a side-mounted oil filter instead of the front-mounted, hose-connected system designed by Willys.
Applications:
- 1951–1952 Willys Aero
- 1960–1971 Willys Aero 2600
- 1960-1974 Willys-Overland Jeep and Rural Willys
- 1968–1971 Willys Itamaraty 3000
- 1972-1974 Ford Maverick six-cylinder version in Brazil
Super Hurricane
{{expand section |applications, which are lacking|date=November 2023}}
File:1955 Jeep Willys Utility Wagon 2013 FL AACA-h.jpg
The 6-226 "Super Hurricane"{{cite book |last=Morr |first=Tom |title=The Joy of Jeep |year= 2007|publisher=MBI Publishing |isbn=978-0-7603-3061-6 |page=41 |ref= Joy}} was an L-head 6-cylinderMorr, p. 52.Allen, p. 101. from Continental with a bore of {{fraction|3|5|16}} inches and stroke of {{fraction|4|3|8}} inches, giving a displacement of {{convert|226.2|cuin|cc|abbr=on}}.{{cite magazine |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCEDAAAAMBAJ&q=New+Engine+Zips+Up+Little+Willys&pg=PA173 |last=Shaw |first=Wilbur |authorlink=Wilbur Shaw |date=March 1954 |title= New Engine Zips Up Little Willys |magazine=Popular Science |volume=164 |issue=3 |pages=173–175 |issn=0161-7370 |accessdate=21 August 2014}} Horsepower rating is {{convert|105|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 3600 rpm or {{convert|115|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} at 3650 rpm, as well as a torque rating of {{convert|190|lb.ft|N·m|0|abbr=on}} at 1400 rpm or at 1800 rpm, depending on the year of production.
Mitsubishi versions
Mitsubishi built a version of the Hurricane from 1954 as the JH4 (69 hp), primarily for use in their license-built version of the Jeep.{{cite web|url= http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~si8t-osgs/mje.htm#4JJH4 |script-title=ja:三菱ジープのエンジン |trans-title=Mitsubishi Jeep engines |work= じいぷファン倶楽部 [Jeep Fan Club] |language=Japanese |accessdate=21 August 2014}} They later developed a {{convert|61|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} overhead-valve diesel version of the same, called KE31. This was also turned into a 3.3 L six-cylinder version with the same internal dimensions, producing {{convert|85|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}, which was named KE36. These diesel engines were used in the Jeep, but also in many light to medium-weight trucks and buses.{{cite book|title= トラックメーカーアーカイブ vol.2: 三菱ふそうのすべて |trans-title=Truck Manufacturer Archive Volume 2: Everything Mitsubishi Fuso |ref=camionFuso |editor-first=Seiji (高吉 誠司) |editor-last=Takayoshi |language=Japanese |publisher=Geibun Mooks |page=48 |year=2011 |isbn=978-4-86396-112-8 }}
Stellantis engine
The 3.0-liter inline-6, called Hurricane turbo engine, developed in 2022 for use in Ram, Jeep, and Dodge vehicles, is unrelated to the original Willys Hurricane versions.{{cite web|url= https://www.motorbiscuit.com/new-ram-jeep-dodge-tornado-turbo-6-cylinder-engine-everything-we-know/ |title=All-New Ram, Jeep, Dodge 'Tornado' Turbo-6-Cylinder Engine: Everything We Know |first=Thom |last=Taylor |date=2 January 2022 |website=motorbiscuit.com |access-date=12 April 2024}}{{cite web|url= https://www.musclecarsandtrucks.com/gme-t6-tornado-engine-will-likely-have-three-variants/ |title=There Will be 3 Variants of the Stellantis GME-T6 “Tornado” Engine: Report |first=Zac |last=Quinn |date=9 March 2022 |website=musclecarsandtrucks.com |access-date=12 April 2024}}{{cite web|url= https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a39530125/stellantis-twin-turbo-inline-six-specs-details/ |title=Stellantis Goes Six in a Row with a Twin-Turbo Inline-Six Engine |first=David |last=Beard |date=24 March 2022 |work=Car and Driver |access-date=12 April 2024}}