Women in the United States Navy

{{Short description|none}}

{{Use American English|date=July 2014}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}

File:Admiral Michelle J. Howard VCNO.jpg became the first female four-star admiral in the U.S. Navy in 2014.{{cite web|url=http://m.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/jul/1/michelle-j-howard-becomes-navys-first-female-4-sta/|title=Michelle J. Howard becomes Navy's first female 4-star admiral - Washington Times|publisher=m.washingtontimes.com|access-date=12 July 2014}} This also made her the U.S. armed forces' first Black woman to achieve four stars.[http://www.stlamerican.com/news/local_news/article_766cbe98-0157-11e4-a01f-0019bb2963f4.html Howard becomes Navy’s first woman, first African American four-star admiral - St. Louis American: Local News]. Stlamerican.com (1 July 2014). Retrieved on 2014-07-25.]]

Many women have served in the United States Navy for over a century. As of 2020, there were 69,629 total women on active duty in the US Navy, with 11,076 serving as officers, and 58,553 enlisted. Of all the branches in the US military, the Navy has the second highest percentage of female active duty service members (after the US Air Force) with women making up 20% of the US Navy in 2020.{{Cite web|year=2021|title=2020 Demographics Profile of the Military Community|url=https://download.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/2020-demographics-report.pdf|access-date=January 9, 2022|website=Military One Source|publisher=Department of Defense (DoD), Office of the Deputy Assistant, Secretary of Defense for Military Community and Family Policy (ODASD (MC&FP))}}

{{As of|2023}}, no woman has become a Navy SEAL. In 2019, a woman successfully completed SEAL Officer Assessment and Selection (SOAS), but opted to join another unit of the Navy.{{cite news|url=https://www.military.com/daily-news/2019/12/11/first-woman-has-made-it-through-seal-officer-screening.html|title=The First Woman Has Made it Through SEAL Officer Screening|first=Hope Hodge|last=Seck|publisher=Military Times|date=11 December 2019|accessdate=24 March 2021}} She was among five women who had participated in the SOASSEAL Officer Assessment Selection screening process.

In July 2021, the first woman graduated from the Naval Special Warfare (NSW) training program to become a Special Warfare Combatant craft Crewman (SWCC). The SWCC directly supports the SEALs and other commando units, and are experts in covert insertion and extraction special operations tactics.{{Cite news|last=Ives|first=Mike|date=2021-07-16|title=First Woman Completes Training for Elite U.S. Navy Program|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/16/us/navy-woman-warfare-program.html|access-date=2022-01-05|issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite web|title=Naval Special Warfare Welcomes CQT Class 115; First Woman Operator|url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/400990/naval-special-warfare-welcomes-cqt-class-115-first-woman-operator|access-date=2022-01-05|website=DVIDS|language=en}}

In November 2023, the United States Senate voted 95-1 to confirm Admiral Lisa Franchetti as Chief of Naval Operations, making Franchetti the first woman to be Chief of Naval Operations and, due to having that position, the first woman on the Joint Chiefs of Staff.{{Cite news |last=Lamothe |first=Dan |date=2023-11-02 |title=Senate confirms three more senior military officers around Tuberville blockade |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/11/02/senate-confirms-officers-military-blockade-tuberville/ |access-date=2023-11-04 |issn=0190-8286}}

History

Note that some minor wars women served in have been omitted from this history.

=Pre–World War I=

Women worked as nurses for the Union Navy during the American Civil War. In 1890, Ann Bradford Stokes, who during the American Civil War had worked as a nurse on the navy hospital ship {{USS|Red Rover|1859|6}}, where she assisted Sisters of the Holy Cross, was granted a pension of $12 a month, making her the first American woman to receive a pension for her own service in the Navy. She was not, however the first woman to receive a pension for her military service. Margaret Corbin and Deborah Sampson both received pensions for their service in the American Revolution.{{Cite web|title=African Americans in Medicine in the Civil War Era|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/african-americans-medicine-civil-war-era/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902055511/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/african-americans-medicine-civil-war-era/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-09-02|last=Slawson|first=Robert|date=2011-01-04|website=Black Past|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-09}}{{Cite web|title=Ann Bradford Stokes (1830-1903)|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/stokes-ann-bradford-1830-1903/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627100912/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/stokes-ann-bradford-1830-1903/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-06-27|last=Slawson|first=Robert|date=2011-01-27|website=Black Past|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-09}}

The United States Navy Nurse Corps was officially established in 1908; it was all-female until 1965.{{cite web|url=http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/timeline.html |title=Highlights in the History of Military Women |website=Women In Military Service For America Memorial |access-date=22 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040314081217/http://www.womensmemorial.org/Education/timeline.html |archive-date=14 March 2004 |url-status=dead }}{{cite book|first=Laurie L.|last=Weinstein|title=Gender Camouflage: Women and the U.S. Military|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mwAXfsmUcmIC&pg=PA23|date=1 March 1999|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-1907-7|pages=23–}} After the establishment of the Nurse Corps in 1908 by an Act of Congress, twenty women were selected as the first members and assigned to the Naval Medical School Hospital in Washington, D.C. However, the navy did not provide room or board for them, and so the nurses rented their own house and provided their own meals.Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, United States Navy. [https://www.scribd.com/doc/63672595/White-Task-Force] "White Task Force: the story of the Nurse Corps, United States Navy." (NAVMED 939 1945), pg. 7.

In time, the nurses would come to be known as "The Sacred Twenty" because they were the first women to serve formally as members of the Navy. The "Sacred Twenty" were Mary H. Du Bose; Adah M. Pendleton; Elizabeth M. Hewitt; Della V. Knight; Josephine Beatrice Bowman; Lenah H. Sutcliffe Higbee; Esther Voorhees Hasson, the first Superintendent of the Navy Nurse Corps, 1908–1911; Martha E. Pringle; Elizabeth J. Wells; Clare L. De Ceu.; Elizabeth Leonhardt; Estelle Hine; Ethel R. Parsons; Florence T. Milburn; Boniface T. Small; Victoria White; Isabelle Rose Roy; Margaret D. Murray; Sara B. Myer; and Sara M. Cox. The Nurse Corps gradually expanded to 160 on the eve of World War I. For a few months in 1913, Navy nurses saw their first shipboard service, aboard Mayflower and Dolphin.

=World War I=

The increased size of the navy in support of World War I increased the need for clerical and administrative support. The U.S. Naval Reserve Act of 1916 permitted the enlistment of qualified "persons" for service; Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels asked, "Is there any law that says a Yeoman must be a man?" and was told there was not.{{cite web|url=http://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/organization/bupers/WomensPolicy/Pages/HistoryFirsts.aspx|title=Historical Timeline|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010031421/http://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/organization/bupers/WomensPolicy/Pages/HistoryFirsts.aspx|archive-date=10 October 2014|url-status=dead}} Thus, the navy was able to induct its first female sailors into the U.S. Naval Reserve. The first woman to enlist in the U.S. Navy was Loretta Perfectus Walsh on 17 March 1917.{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=59573|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140707050430/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=59573|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 July 2014|title=Sailors Honor Life and Legacy of First Female CPO|first=Katrina|last=Parker|publisher=navy.mil|access-date=12 July 2014}} She was also the first American active-duty navy woman, and the first woman allowed to serve as a woman in any of the United States armed forces, as anything other than as a nurse. Walsh subsequently became the first woman U.S. Navy petty officer when she was sworn in as Chief Yeoman on 21 March 1917. During World War I Navy women served around the continental U.S. and in France, Guam and Hawaii, mostly as Yeomen (F), but also as radio operators, electricians, draftsmen, pharmacists, photographers, telegraphers, fingerprint experts, chemists, torpedo assemblers and camouflage designers. Some Black women served as Yeomen (F) and were the first Black women to serve as enlisted members of the U.S. armed forces.{{cite book|first=Mary-Beth|last=Hall|title=Crossed Currents: Navy Women in a Century of Change|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g1hEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT7|date=1 September 2014|publisher=Potomac Books, Inc.|isbn=978-1-61234-729-5|pages=7–}} These first Black women to serve in the navy were 16 Yeomen (F)—the total would rise to 24MacGregor, Morris J. Jr., [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/20587/20587-h/20587-h.htm Integration of the Armed Forces 1940–1965] (c) 1980—from some of "Washington's elite Black families" who "worked in the Muster Roll division at Washington's Navy Yard...."{{Cite web |url=http://www.johnpdaviscollection.org/welcome.html |title=The John P. Davis Collection |access-date=28 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121041611/http://www.johnpdaviscollection.org/welcome.html |archive-date=21 November 2008 |url-status=dead }} Many women were demobilized when hostilities ceased, and aside from the Nurse Corps, the uniformed Navy once again became exclusively male.Susan H. Godson, Serving Proudly: A History of Women in the U.S. Navy (2002)Jeanne M. Holm, Women in the Military: An Unfinished Revolution (1993) pp 3-21

=World War II and after until the Korean War=

{{main|WAVES}}

File:SummerWavesUniform.jpg.]]

World War II again brought the need for additional personnel. The Navy organized to recruit women into a separate women's auxiliary, labeled Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), which was created in 1942. WAVES served in varied positions around the continental U.S. and in Hawaii.

Two groups of Navy nurses (Navy nurses were all women then) were held prisoner by the Japanese in World War II. Chief Nurse Marion Olds and nurses Leona Jackson, Lorraine Christiansen, Virginia Fogerty and Doris Yetter were taken prisoner on Guam shortly after Pearl Harbor and transported to Japan. They were repatriated in August 1942, although the newspaper did not identify them as Navy nurses. Chief Nurse Laura Cobb and her nurses, Mary Chapman, Bertha Evans, Helen Gorzelanski, Mary Harrington, Margaret Nash, Goldie O'Haver, Eldene Paige, Susie Pitcher, Dorothy Still and C. Edwina Todd - some of the "Angels of Bataan" - were captured in 1942 in the Philippines and imprisoned in the Los Baños internment camp there, where they continued to function as a nursing unit, until they were rescued by American forces in 1945. Other Los Baños prisoners later said: "We are absolutely certain that had it not been for these nurses many of us who are alive and well would have died."Kathi Jackson, They Called Them Angels: American Military Nurses of World War II, pg 46 (2000)(First Nebraska paperback printing 2006). The Angels of Bataan (also known as the "Angels of Bataan and Corregidor" and "The Battling Belles of Bataan"According to research by Dr. Elizabeth Norman, the nurses first referred to themselves as the "Battling Belles of Bataan" in 1942; the phrase "Angels of Bataan" appeared later, in 1945. E. Norman, We Band of Angels, pg. 53, pg 296 note 8.) were the members of the Navy Nurse Corps and the Army Nurse Corps who were stationed in the Philippines at the outset of the Pacific War (a theatre of World War II) and served during World War II's Battle of the Philippines (1941–42). When Bataan and Corregidor fell to the Japanese in 1942, they, 11 Navy nurses and 1 nurse-anesthetist (and 66 army nurses) were captured and imprisoned in and around Manila.E. Norman, We Band of Angels, Appx. II; E. Monahan and R. Neidel-Greenlee, All This Hell, pg 193-195 (Appx. G). They were freed in February 1945.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dla.mil/About-DLA/Images/igphoto/2002274530/mediaid/4108939/|title=Angels of Bataan|website=www.dla.mil}}

In October 1942, Navy Lieutenant, junior grade Ann A. Bernatitus became the first American recipient of the Legion of Merit.{{Cite web|url=http://valor.militarytimes.com/recipient.php?recipientid=307009|title=Valor awards for Ann A. Bernatitus|website=valor.militarytimes.com|access-date=2017-02-11}} She was also the first person authorized to wear the "V" Device with the award.{{cite web |url=http://valor.militarytimes.com/recipient.php?recipientid=307009 |title=Valor awards for Ann A. Bernatitus |work=Military Times Hall of Valor |access-date=November 6, 2016}} She was one of the Angels of Bataan and the only U.S. Navy nurse to escape from Bataan and Corregidor during the war.{{cite web |url=http://www.lonesentry.com/blog/nurse-gets-legion-of-merit.html |title=Nurse Gets Legion of Merit |date=November 28, 2012 |website=Lone Sentry Blog |access-date=June 30, 2014}}All Hands Magazine, November 1942

Also in 1942, Susan Ahn Cuddy, who was Korean-American, became the first Asian-American woman to join the U.S. Navy. By 1946, she had become the first woman gunnery officer in the U.S. Navy and the first Korean-American in U.S. Naval Intelligence.{{cite web |author=Keely Damara |url=http://www.pcccourier.com/2015/04/03/first-asian-american-woman-navy-officer-honored-in-born-to-lead/ |title=First Asian American woman Navy officer honored in 'Born to Lead' |publisher=PCC Courier |access-date=2015-04-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412213156/http://www.pcccourier.com/2015/04/03/first-asian-american-woman-navy-officer-honored-in-born-to-lead/ |archive-date=2015-04-12 }}

In 1943, Thelma Bendler Stern, an engineering draftsman, became the first woman assigned to perform duties aboard a United States Navy ship as part of her official responsibilities.

In 1944, Lieutenant Harriet Ida Pickens and Ensign Frances Wills were commissioned as the first African-American female navy officers.

The first Black woman sworn into the Navy Nurse Corps was Phyllis Mae Dailey, a Columbia University student from New York, on 8 March 1945.{{cite web|url=http://www.nww2m.com/2012/03/phyllis-mae-dailey-first-black-navy-nurse/|title=Phyllis Mae Dailey: First Black Navy Nurse - The National WWII Museum Blog|date=March 2012|work=NWW2M.com|access-date=30 April 2017}} Three other African American women—Edith Mazie DeVoe, Helen Fredericka Turner, and Eula Lucille Stimleyalso became ensigns in the Navy Nurse Corps during the war.{{Cite book |last=Mullenbach |first=Cheryl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ox1jCgAAQBAJ |title=Double Victory: How African American Women Broke Race and Gender Barriers to Help Win World War II |date=2013 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |isbn=978-1-56976-808-2 |pages=77–78 |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Brookstein |first=Adrienne |date=March 8, 2022 |title=#VeteranOfTheDay Navy Veteran Phyllis Mae Dailey |url=https://news.va.gov/84808/veteranoftheday-navy-veteran-phyllis-mae-dailey/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=VA News |publisher=U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Lane |first=Derrick |date=March 10, 2016 |title=Phyllis Mae Dailey, The First Black Navy Nurse – BlackDoctor.org – Where Wellness & Culture Connect |url=https://blackdoctor.org/phyllis-mae-dailey/ |access-date=2023-02-22 |website=BlackDoctor.org |language=en-US}}


{{multiple image

| align = center

| width = 300

| footer = WAVES Recruiting posters

| image1 = Seving_as_a_wave.jpg

| alt1 = WAVES Recruiting poster

| caption1 =

| image2 = Waves recruiting poster.jpg

| alt2 = WAVES Recruiting poster

| caption2 =

| image3 = Team sweeping the seas.jpg

| alt3 = WAVES Recruiting poster

}}

World War II ended in 1945. The Women's Armed Services Integration Act ({{USStatute|80|625|62|356|1948|06|12}}) is a United States law that enabled women to serve as permanent, regular members of the armed forces, including the Navy. Prior to this act, women, with the exception of nurses, served in the military only in times of war. However, Section 502 of the act limited service of women by excluding them from aircraft and vessels of the Navy that might engage in combat.{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/80th-congress/session-2/c80s2ch449.pdf|title=Public Laws-CHS 447-449 June 10, 11, 12, 1948|website=Library of Congress }}

On 7 July 1948 six women, former WAVES, were the first enlisted women to be sworn into in the regular Navy: Chief Yeoman Wilma J. Marchal, Hospital Corpsman First Class Ruth Flora, Aviation Storekeeper First Class Kay L. Langen, Yeoman Second Class Edna Young, Storekeeper Second Class Frances T. Devaney, and Teleman Doris R. Robertson.{{Cite web |date=July 7, 2024 |title=U.S. Navy History: First enlisted women sworn into regular Navy, July 7, 1948 |url=https://www.doncio.navy.mil/CHIPS/ArticleDetails.aspx?ID=17854#:~:text=The%20first%20six%20enlisted%20women,Storekeeper%20First%20Class%20Kay%20L. |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=www.doncio.navy.mil}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} Edna Young was the only Black woman out of those six, and thus the first Black woman to be enlisted in the regular Navy.{{Cite web |title=Remembering the First Black Women Naval Officers |url=https://usnhistory.navylive.dodlive.mil/Recent/Article/2686504/remembering-the-first-black-women-naval-officers/ |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=The Sextant |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Navy Commissions First African American Woman Officers |url=https://usnhistory.navylive.dodlive.mil/Recent/Article-View/Article/2686179/navy-commissions-first-african-american-woman-officers/ |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=The Sextant |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=July 7, 2024 |title=U.S. Navy History: First enlisted women sworn into regular Navy, July 7, 1948 |url=https://www.doncio.navy.mil/CHIPS/ArticleDetails.aspx?ID=17854#:~:text=The%20first%20six%20enlisted%20women,Storekeeper%20First%20Class%20Kay%20L. |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=www.doncio.navy.mil}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}{{Cite web |title=NH 106756 Rear Admiral George L. Russell, USN (Judge Advocate General of the Navy) |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/photography/numerical-list-of-images/nhhc-series/nh-series/NH-106000/nh-106756-rear-admiral-george-l--russell--usn--judge-advocate-ge.html |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=public2.nhhcaws.local |language=en-US}}

On 15 October 1948, the first eight women officers were commissioned in the regular Navy: Joy Bright Hancock, Winifred Quick Collins, Ann King, Frances Willoughby, Ellen Ford, Doris Cranmore, Doris Defenderfer, and Betty Rae Tennant took their oaths as naval officers.Ebbert, Jean; and Hall, Marie-Beth; Crossed Currents: Navy Women from WWI to Tailhook [Revised]: Brassey's; 1999.

=Korean War=

Women in the Naval Reserve were recalled along with their male counterparts for duty during the Korean War.

=Vietnam War=

Nurses served aboard the hospital ship USS Sanctuary. Nine non-nurse navy women served in country; however no enlisted navy women were authorized.

=Iraq War=

Women in the navy served in the Iraq War from 2003-2011.{{Cite web|url=https://memory.loc.gov/diglib/vhp-stories/loc.natlib.afc2001001.81703/|title=Elisa Anne Raney collection: Veterans History Project (Library of Congress|website=memory.loc.gov}}

Women in the navy since 1970

File:ADM Lisa M. Franchetti (3).jpg became the first female Chief of Naval Operations and, due to having that position,{{UnitedStatesCode|10|151}} the first female member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.{{Cite web |last=Ziezulewicz |first=Geoff |date=2023-11-02 |title=Senate finally confirms Adm. Franchetti as Navy's top officer |url=https://www.defensenews.com/news/your-navy/2023/11/02/senate-finally-confirms-adm-franchetti-as-navys-top-officer/ |access-date=2023-11-02 |website=Defense News |language=en}}]]

Major changes occurred for navy women in the 1970s. Alene Duerk became the first female admiral in the navy in 1972.{{cite book|editor-first1=Lionel|editor-last1=Tiger|editor-first2=Heather T.|editor-last2=Fowler|title=Female Hierarchies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HNIGHx6e8u0C&pg=PA65|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-2353-1|pages=65–|year=1978}}{{cite book|first=Richard|last=Mayne|title=The Language of Sailing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fp63wWByImQC&pg=PA5|date=January 2000|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-57958-278-4|pages=5–}} In 1976 RADM Fran McKee became the first female unrestricted line officer appointed to flag rank. In 1978, Judge Sirica decided in favor of Petty Officer Yona Owens, and ruled the law banning navy women from ships to be unconstitutional in the US District Court for the District of Columbia case Owens v. Brown.US Navy, 'America's Navy,' Yona Owens, Petty Officer 3rd Class https://www.navy.mil/DesktopModules/ArticleCS/Print.aspx?PortalId=1&ModuleId=2652&Article=2959051🖉{{Cite web|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/455/291/1415795/|title=Owens v. Brown, 455 F. Supp. 291 (D.D.C. 1978)|website=Justia Law}} That year, Congress approved a change to Title 10 USC Section 6015 to permit the navy to assign women to fill sea duty billets on support and noncombatant ships.{{cite web|url=http://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/organization/bupers/WomensPolicy/Pages/HistoryFirsts.aspx|title=Historical Timeline|access-date=12 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010031421/http://www.public.navy.mil/bupers-npc/organization/bupers/WomensPolicy/Pages/HistoryFirsts.aspx|archive-date=10 October 2014|url-status=dead}} During the 1970s, women began to enter the surface warfare and aviation fields, gained access to officer accession programs previously open only to men, and started to screen for command opportunities ashore.

Susan Livingstone served as the first female Acting United States Secretary of the Navy from January 24 to February 7 of 2003.{{cite web | url=https://www.history.navy.mil/news-and-events/news/2021/susan-morrisey-livingstone--first-female-acting-secretary-of-the.html#:~:text=Susan%20Morrisey%20Livingstone%20was%20the,bases%20every%20couple%20of%20years. | archive-url=https://archive.today/20221031202153/https://www.history.navy.mil/news-and-events/news/2021/susan-morrisey-livingstone--first-female-acting-secretary-of-the.html#:~:text=Susan%20Morrisey%20Livingstone%20was%20the,bases%20every%20couple%20of%20years. | url-status=dead | archive-date=31 October 2022 | title=Susan Morrisey Livingstone, First Female Acting Secretary of the Navy }} Although this is a civilian position, it is included in this article because the Secretary of the Navy is the civilian leader of the Navy (and the Marine Corps).{{Cite web|url=https://www.pilotonline.com/2016/10/10/secretary-of-the-navy-mabus-to-speak-to-norfolk-business-community/|title=Secretary of the Navy Mabus to speak to Norfolk business community|date=10 October 2016}}

In December 2015, Defense Secretary Ash Carter stated that starting in 2016 all combat jobs would open to women.{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/pentagon-nbc-news-all-combat-roles-now-open-women-n473581|title=All Combat Roles Now Open to Women|first=Jim|last=Miklaszewski|work=NBC News|date=3 December 2015 }} In March 2016 Ash Carter approved final plans from military service branches and the U.S. Special Operations Command to open all combat jobs to women, and authorized the military to begin integrating female combat soldiers "right away."{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/mar/11/ash-carter-approves-final-strategy-women-military-/|title=Ashton Carter approves final strategy for women in military combat roles|work=The Washington Times}}

In November 2023, the United States Senate voted 95-1 to confirm Admiral Lisa Franchetti as Chief of Naval Operations, making Franchetti the first woman to be Chief of Naval Operations and, due to having that position, the first woman on the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

=Aviation=

In 1972, Roseann Roberts became the first female helicopter plane captain in the navy.

In 1973 the Secretary of the Navy announced the authorization of naval aviation training for women. LTJG Judith Neuffer was the first woman selected for flight training. In 1974, the navy became the first service to graduate a woman pilot, LT Barbara Allen Rainey, followed closely by classmates Judith Neuffer, Ana Marie Fuqua, Rosemary Bryant Mariner, Jane Skiles O'Dea and Joellen Drag.

Women began attending Aviation Officer Candidate School (AOCS) in 1976.Bureau of Naval Personnel, "[http://www.npc.navy.mil/AboutUs/BUPERS/WomensPolicy/history.htm History & Firsts] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051124200902/http://www.npc.navy.mil/AboutUs/BUPERS/WomensPolicy/history.htm |date=24 November 2005 }}". Retrieved 23 October 2009

In 1979 the Naval Flight Officer (NFO) program opened to women.

Also in 1979, Lt. Lynn Spruill became the first woman naval aviator to obtain carrier qualification.

In 1989, Patricia Denkler becomes the first woman naval aviator to be carrier qualified in a jet aircraft when she lands aboard the USS Lexington.Baxley, Colette. "[https://access-newspaperarchive-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/us/south-carolina/aiken/aiken-standard/1991/10-07/page-6 Beaufort Woman Makes History as Navy Pilot in 1981 event]". Aiken Standard Newspaper Archives October 7, 1991 Page 6

On Nov. 15, 1994, Navy Lt. Kimberly “Face” Dyson became the first female pilot to fly an official combat mission for the American military.{{Cite web|url=https://www.stripes.com/branches/navy/2024-01-09/first-female-pilots-combat-missions-12611057.html|title=National Air and Space Museum reveals names of first female fighter pilots to fly combat missions|website=Stars and Stripes}}

=Benefits=

Frontiero v. Richardson, {{ussc|411|677|1973}}, was a landmark Supreme Court caseTechnically, the case was decided under the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause, not under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, since the latter applies not to the federal government but to the states. However, because Bolling v. Sharpe, through the doctrine of reverse incorporation, made the standards of the Equal Protection Clause applicable to the federal government, it was for practical purposes an addition not to due process, but rather to equal protection jurisprudence. which decided that benefits given by the military to the family of service members cannot be given out differently because of sex.{{cite web|url=https://www.oyez.org/cases/1970-1979/1972/1972_71_1694 |title=Frontiero v. Richardson | The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law |publisher=Oyez.org |access-date=9 August 2015}}

=Officer Accession Programs=

The Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) was opened to women in 1972 and the first woman was commissioned from a ROTC program in 1974. The Women Officer School (WOS), Newport, RI, was disestablished in 1973, and Officer Candidate School (OCS) training was integrated to support men and women. The United States Naval Academy, along with the other Department of Defense military academies, first accepted women in 1976 and commissioned its first female graduates in 1980.{{Cite web |title=First women inducted into the U.S. Naval Academy {{!}} July 6, 1976 |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/women-inducted-into-u-s-naval-academy |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=HISTORY |language=en}} Women also began attending Aviation Officer Candidate School (AOCS) in 1976.

=Naval Nuclear Power Training=

While still barred from serving on combatant vessels, enlisted women were accepted for training in the Naval Nuclear Power Program in the early 80s. After initial rating training, this consisted of Nuclear Power School (Orlando, FL), and the follow on Nuclear Power Training Unit (prototype) operational training (NY or ID). The first graduates of this training were in 1981. Because all nuclear powered vessels in the Navy at this time were combatants, these women were assigned to either prototype training billets or service/support roles on tenders and shore facilities. This caused some resentment among males in the enlisted nuclear power community because the women were viewed as taking away shore billets that would allow them to maintain a pay bonus based on their maintaining their proficiency in the nuclear power field. Training women in the nuclear power program was discontinued after a year or two because of this restriction on assigning them to combatant units.Personal involvement, I was one of the instructors to the first 2 women Machinist's Mates to successfully qualify as Nucs at the S8G prototype in Ballston Spa, NY

=Submarines=

On 29 April 2010, the Department of the Navy announced authorization of a policy change allowing women to begin serving on board navy submarines.{{cite web|author=Commander, Submarine Forces Public Affairs |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=52954 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805150126/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=52954 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 August 2012 |title=Navy Policy Will Allow Women To Serve Aboard Submarines |publisher=Navy.mil |date=29 April 2010 |access-date=31 October 2011}}{{cite web|author=Commander, Submarine Group 10 Public Affairs |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=52990 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805153155/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=52990 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 August 2012 |title=Navy Welcomes Women To Serve In Submarines |publisher=Navy.mil |access-date=31 October 2011}} The new policy and plan was set to begin with the integration of female Officers. A group of up to 24 female Officers (three Officers on each of eight different crews) were scheduled to enter the standard nuclear submarine training pipeline in July 2010[http://www.npc.navy.mil/NR/rdonlyres/D15CBCBA-DCA4-4F01-8782-0B53C562ACD7/0/NAV10152.txt] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100509073934/http://www.npc.navy.mil/NR/rdonlyres/D15CBCBA-DCA4-4F01-8782-0B53C562ACD7/0/NAV10152.txt|date=9 May 2010}} – and expected to report to submarine duty by late 2011 or early 2012. Integration of Enlisted females into submarine crews was expected to begin soon thereafter.Navy Office of Information, "Women on Submarines", Rhumblines, 5 October 2009. Initial candidates for female Submarine Officer positions were highly qualified selects from accession sources that include the Naval Academy, Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps, STA-21 program and Officer Candidate School, with transfers possible for those from other Unrestricted Line Officer communities. A group of up to eight female Supply Corps Officers was also expected to complete requisite training and begin submarine service in the same time frame.

Initial assignments for female submariners were on the blue and gold crews of selected guided-missile submarines (SSGNs) and ballistic-missile submarines (SSBNs). Two submarines of each type served as the inaugural vessels. The first group of U.S. female submariners completed nuclear power school and officially reported on board two ballistic and two guided missile submarines in November 2011.{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=65251|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805150039/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=65251|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2012|title=Navy Celebrates Women's History Month|first=Amber Lynn|last=Daniel|publisher=navy.mil|access-date=12 July 2014}} In 2012, it was announced that 2013 would be the first year for women to serve on U.S. attack submarines.{{cite web|url=http://wtkr.com/2012/09/04/women-to-serve-on-attack-submarines-in-2013/|title=Women to serve on attack submarines in 2013 | WTKR.com|date=5 September 2012|publisher=wtkr.com|access-date=12 July 2014}} On 22 June 2012, a sailor assigned to {{USS|Ohio|SSGN-726}} became the first female supply officer to qualify in U.S. submarines. Lt. Britta Christianson of Ohio{{'}}s Gold Crew received her Submarine Supply Corps "dolphins" from the Gold Crew Commanding Officer Capt. Rodney Mills during a brief ceremony at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility (PSNS & IMF).{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=68019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130219031719/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=68019|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 February 2013|title=First Qualified Female Submarine Supply Officer Receives Supply Dolphins|author=Commander, Submarine Group 9 Public Affairs|publisher=navy.mil|access-date=12 July 2014}}

On 5 December 2012, three sailors assigned to {{USS|Maine|SSBN-741}} and {{USS|Wyoming|SSBN-742}} became the first female unrestricted line officers to qualify in U.S. submarines.{{cite web|url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2012/12/06/first-qualified-female-submariners-earn-dolphins.html?comp=7000023468025&rank=1|title=First Qualified Female Submariners Earn Dolphins | Military.com|publisher=military.com|access-date=12 July 2014}} LTJG Jennifer Noonan [ROTC Cornell University], a native of Scituate, Massachusetts, and LTJG Amber Cowan both of Maine{{'}}s Blue Crew, and LTJG Marquette Leveque, a native of Fort Collins, Colorado., assigned to the Gold Crew of Wyoming, received their submarine "dolphins" during separate ceremonies at Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor, Washington. and Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia. respectively. In 2013, Navy Secretary Ray Mabus said that the first women to join Virginia-class attack subs had been chosen: They were newly commissioned female officers scheduled to report to their subs in fiscal year 2015.{{cite web|url=http://www.navytimes.com/news/2013/01/navy-mabus-1st-women-selected-attack-submarines-012413/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130216123045/http://www.navytimes.com/news/2013/01/navy-mabus-1st-women-selected-attack-submarines-012413/|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 February 2013|title=navy-mabus-1st-women-selected-attack-submarines/|publisher=navytimes.com|access-date=12 July 2014}} In August 2016, Chief Petty Officer Dominique Saavedra became the first enlisted female sailor to earn her submarine qualification, and was assigned to {{USS|Michigan|SSGN-727}}.{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-first-female-sailor-submarine-qualification-20160804-story.html |title=1st enlisted female sailor gets submarine qualification |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=13 July 2016 |access-date=6 August 2016}}

=Surface Warfare=

In 1972 the pilot program for assignment of officers and enlisted women to ships was initiated on board USS Sanctuary (AH-17). In 1978 Congress approved a change to Title 10 USC Section 6015 to permit the navy to assign women to fill sea duty billets on support and noncombatant ships. The Surface Warfare community opened to women. In 1979, the first woman obtained her Surface Warfare Officer (SWO) qualification. In 1993, Congress approved women to serve on combat ships. There were about 33 women who were the first assigned to these sea billets.

Timeline of women in the United States Navy

class="wikitable"
Year

! Event

1861-1865

| Women worked as nurses for the navy during the American Civil War.

1908

| The Navy Nurse Corps was established; it was all-female until 1965.

1917

| Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels announced that the navy would enlist women on 17 March.{{cite web|url= http://www.history.navy.mil/special%20highlights/women/timeline1.htm|title= Women's Milestones in Naval History|publisher=history.navy.mil|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140729185656/http://www.history.navy.mil/special%20highlights/women/timeline1.htm|access-date=12 July 2014|archive-date= 29 July 2014}}

1917

| Loretta Perfectus Walsh became the first woman to enlist in the navy on 17 March.

1942

| President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Public Law 689 creating the navy's women reserve program (the WAVES) on 30 July 1942.

1942

| Lieutenant Commander Mildred H. McAfee, USNR, director of the WAVES, became the navy's first female line officer.

1942

| Navy Lieutenant, junior grade Ann A. Bernatitus became the first American recipient of the Legion of Merit. She was also the first person authorized to wear the "V" Device with the award.

|

1942

| Susan Ahn Cuddy, a Korean-American, became the first Asian-American woman to join the Navy.

1944

| Lieutenant Harriet Ida Pickens and Ensign Frances Wills were commissioned as the first African-American female navy officers.

1944

| Sue Dauser, the director of the Navy Nurse Corps, became the first female captain in the navy.[https://archive.today/20140110223346/http://www.history.navy.mil/special%20highlights/women/timeline1.htm Milestones of Women in the US Navy]. History.navy.mil. Retrieved on 25 July 2014.

1945

| The first Black woman sworn into the Navy Nurse Corps was Phyllis Mae Dailey, a Columbia University student from New York, on 8 March 1945. She was the first of only four Black women to serve as a Navy nurse during World War II.

1945

| Jane Kendeigh became the first Navy flight nurse in an active combat zone, serving at Iwo Jima.{{Cite web|url=https://www.midway.org/blog/navy-flight-nurses-in-world-war-ii|title=USS Midway Museum®|website=www.midway.org}}

1945

| Mildred H. McAfee became the first woman to receive the Navy Distinguished Service Medal."WAVE Director Presented Award", Reno Evening Gazette, 7 November 1945, p. 1

1948

| The Women's Armed Services Integration Act ({{USStatute|80|625|62|356|1948|06|12}}) is a United States law that enabled women to serve as permanent, regular members of the armed forces, including the Navy. Prior to this act, women, with the exception of nurses, served in the military only in times of war. However, Section 502 of the act limited service of women by excluding them from aircraft and vessels of the Navy that might engage in combat.

1948

| On 15 October 1948, the first eight women were commissioned in the regular Navy: Joy Bright Hancock, Winifred Quick Collins, Ann King, Frances Willoughby, Ellen Ford, Doris Cranmore, Doris Defenderfer, and Betty Rae Tennant took their oaths as naval officers.

1959

| Yeoman Anna Der-Vartanian was the first woman in the navy promoted to master chief petty officer, and the first woman in the armed services promoted to E-9.{{cite web|last=Daniel|first=Amber |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=64075 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805090729/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=64075 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 August 2012 |title=Navy's First Female Master Chief Petty Officer Laid to Rest at Arlington |publisher=Navy.mil |date=30 November 2011 |access-date=4 December 2011}}

1961

| Lieutenant Charlene I. Suneson became the first line WAVES officer to be ordered to shipboard duty.[https://archive.today/20140714232703/http://www.history.navy.mil/special%20highlights/women/timeline2.htm Milestones of Women in the US Navy]. History.navy.mil. Retrieved on 25 July 2014.

1967

| Public Law 90-130 was signed into law; it removed legal ceilings on women's promotions that had kept them out of the general and flag ranks, and dropped the two percent ceiling on officer and enlisted strengths for women in the armed forces.{{cite web|url=http://uscode.house.gov/statutes/pl/90/130.pdf |title=Public Law 90-130-Nov. 8, 1967|publisher=house.gov |date=8 November 1967 |access-date=26 August 2017}}

1972

|Roseanne Roberts became the first female helicopter plane captain in the Navy.{{Cite news|title=Valencia County Newspaper, Roseanne Robert's hometown, 1972.|last=Roseanne|first=Roberts|date=1972|via=Printed newspaper}}{{cite web |last1=Freeman |first1=Tatyana |title=Women in the Navy: WAVES to Wins |url=https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/2239356/women-in-the-navy-waves-to-wins/ |publisher=U.S. Navy |access-date=2 August 2021 |date=19 March 2019}}

1972

| Alene Duerk became the first female admiral in the navy.

1973

| Frontiero v. Richardson, {{ussc|411|677|1973}}, was a landmark Supreme Court case which decided that benefits given by the military to the family of service members cannot be given out differently because of sex.

1974

| Lieutenant Junior Grade Barbara Ann (Allen) Rainey became the first navy woman to earn her wings on 22 February 1974.{{cite web|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/special%20highlights/women/timeline2.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140714232703/http://www.history.navy.mil/special%20highlights/women/timeline2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 July 2014|title=Milestones of Women in the US Navy|publisher=history.navy.mil|access-date=12 July 2014}}

1974

| The first women were commissioned through NROTC.{{cite web|url=http://www.usna.edu/PAO/documents/Womens_History_Poster.pdf|date=5 March 2014|title=Celebrating Character Courage & Commitment – Women's History Month 2014|access-date=12 July 2014}}

1975

| Schlesinger v. Ballard, {{Ussc|419|498|1975|el=no}}, was a United States Supreme Court case that upheld a federal statute granting female naval officers four more years of commissioned service before mandatory discharge than male Naval officers.Varat, J.D. et al. Constitutional Law Cases and Materials, Concise Thirteenth Edition. Foundation Press, NY: 2009, p. 583 A federal statute granted female Naval officers fourteen years of commissioned service while allowing only nine years of commissioned service for male Naval officers before mandatory discharge. The Supreme Court held that the law passed intermediate scrutiny equal protection analysis because women, excluded from combat duty, had fewer opportunities for advancement in the military. The Court found the statute to directly compensate for the past statutory barriers to advancement.Varat, p. 583

1976

| Fran McKee became the navy's first female unrestricted line flag officer.{{cite book|first1=Robert J.|last1=Martin|first2=Joe B.|last2=Havens|title=Chief: The Evolution, Development and Role of the Chief Petty Officer in the United States Naval Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7d7rSjH0sA8C&pg=PA41|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Turner Publishing Company|isbn=978-1-56311-248-5|pages=41–}}

1978

| Navy Nurse Joan C. Bynum became the first Black woman promoted to the rank of captain.

1978

| Judge Sirica ruled the law banning navy women from ships to be unconstitutional in the US District Court for the District of Columbia case Owens v. Brown.

1978

| Congress approved a change to Title 10 USC Section 6015 to permit the navy to assign women to fill sea duty billets on support and noncombatant ships.

1979

| Lieutenant Lynn Spruill became the first female navy pilot qualified to land on aircraft carriers.{{cite book|first=Sheila Griffin|last=Llanas|title=Women of the U.S. Navy: Making Waves|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wls2WgPZsFQC&pg=PP12|date=1 January 2011|publisher=Capstone|isbn=978-1-4296-5448-7|pages=12–}}

1979

| The first woman in the navy to qualify as a surface warfare officer did so this year.{{cite web|url=http://www.navygirl.org/navywomen/navy_women_history_page.htm |title=Navy Women History Page |publisher=Navygirl.org |access-date=26 July 2015}}

1980

| The first women graduated from the United States Naval Academy. There were 81 women in the class of 1980 at the Naval Academy, and 55 of them graduated. Elizabeth Belzer was the first female graduate and Janie L. Mines was the first Black female graduate.

1984

| Kristine Holderied became the first female valedictorian of the Naval Academy.{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1985/08/12/naval-academy-valedictorian-of-1984-goes-back-to-school/8d2947ff-e69a-46bd-9b41-8bd043b488ee/ |title=Naval Academy Valedictorian Of 1984 Goes Back to School |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=12 August 1985 |access-date=29 July 2015}}

1990

| Rear Admiral Marsha J. Evans became the first woman to command a Naval Station.{{cite web|url=http://www.history.navy.mil/special%20highlights/women/timeline3.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140714232713/http://www.history.navy.mil/special%20highlights/women/timeline3.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 July 2014|title=Milestones of Women in the US Navy|publisher=history.navy.mil|access-date=12 July 2014}}

1990

| Lieutenant Commander Darlene Iskra became the first navy woman to command a ship, {{USS|Opportune|ARS-41}}.{{cite web|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/vhp-stories/loc.natlib.afc2001001.03482/|title=Darlene M. Iskra collection: Veterans History Project (Library of Congress)|publisher=lcweb2.loc.gov|access-date=12 July 2014}}

1991

| The Tailhook scandal occurred, in which Navy (and Marine Corps) aviators were accused of sexually assaulting 83 women (and 7 men) at the Tailhook convention in Las Vegas.{{cite web|last=Shalal |first=Andrea |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-marines-sexualassault-idUSBRE88913O20120910 |title='Tailhook' cleaned up, but top Marine sees more work to stop sex assaults |publisher=Reuters |date=10 September 2012 |access-date=15 August 2015}}

1993

| Before the "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy was enacted in 1993, lesbians and bisexual women (and gay men and bisexual men) were banned from serving in the military.{{cite web|url=https://prezi.com/ytivn4zvwnrv/military-service-should-be-based-on-conduct-not-sexual-orie/|title=Military Service Should Be Based On Conduct, Not Sexual Orientation|publisher=prezi.com |first=Elizabeth|last=Hoffman|date=28 March 2003 |access-date=15 January 2014}} In 1993 the "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy was enacted, which mandated that the military could not ask servicemembers about their sexual orientation.Craig A. Rimmerman [https://books.google.com/books?id=Go9XsJ47GswC&pg=PA249 Gay rights, military wrongs: political perspectives on lesbians and gays in the military], Garland Pub., 1996 {{ISBN|0815325800}} p. 249Thompson, Mark. (28 January 2008) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080131092438/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1707545,00.html 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' Turns 15]. TIME. Retrieved on 2010-11-30. However, until the "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy was ended in 2011, service members (including but not limited to female service members) were still expelled from the military if they engaged in sexual conduct with a member of the same sex, stated that they were lesbian, gay, or bisexual, and/or married or attempted to marry someone of the same sex.Richard A. Gittins [https://books.google.com/books?id=ENpnS9KApu8C&pg=PA215 The Military Commander & the Law], DIANE Publishing, 1996 {{ISBN|0788172603}} p. 215

1994

| On Nov. 15, 1994, Navy Lt. Kimberly “Face” Dyson became the first female pilot to fly an official combat mission for the American military.

1995

| {{USS|Benfold|DDG-65}} was the first destroyer to be built to accommodate women.

1996

| Patricia Tracey became the first female three-star officer (vice admiral) in the navy.{{cite book|title=Women at War: Gender Issues of Americans in Combat|author=Skaine, R.|date=1999|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786481736|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7f3FsHJ89NEC}}

1998

| CDR Maureen A. Farren became the first woman to command a combatant ship in the navy, {{USS|Mount Vernon|LSD-39}}.

1998

| Lillian Fishburne became the first African-American woman promoted to flag rank in the navy.

2003

| Susan Livingstone served as the first female Acting United States Secretary of the Navy from January 24 to February 7 of 2003. Although this is a civilian position, it is included in this article because the Secretary of the Navy is the civilian leader of the Navy (and the Marine Corps).

2006

| Carol M. Pottenger became the first woman to command an expeditionary strike group in the navy.

2009

| The first pregnant midshipman graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 2009. While regulations expressly forbade this, the woman was able to receive a waiver from the United States Department of the Navy.[http://www.navytimes.com/news/2009/07/navy_pregnant_midshipman_071709w/ "Pregnant midshipman was granted rare waiver"]. Navy Times.

2010

| Nora Tyson became the first woman to command a carrier strike group in the navy.{{cite web|last=Charlier|first=Tom|title=Memphian becomes first woman to command naval carrier strike group|url=http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2010/aug/01/admiral-tyson-aboard/|publisher=The Commercial Appeal|access-date=5 October 2010|date=1 August 2010}}

2010

|Martha E.G. Herb became the first woman Navy deep sea diver and member of the EOD community to be promoted to flag rank in the Navy.{{cite web|title=Women Divers: Part of the Navy Team|publisher=United States Naval Undersea Museum|location=Keyport, Washington|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/museums/keyport/WomenDivers/Wdivers5.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925051613/http://www.history.navy.mil/museums/keyport/WomenDivers/Wdivers5.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 September 2012|access-date=November 23, 2019}}

2011

| The "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy was ended in 2011, thus putting an end to service members (including but not limited to female service members) being expelled from the military if they engaged in sexual conduct with a member of the same sex, stated that they were lesbian, gay, or bisexual, and/or married or attempted to marry someone of the same sex.

2011

| The first group of female submariners in the navy completed nuclear power school and officially reported on board two ballistic and two guided missile submarines in November 2011.

2012

| Commander Monika Washington Stoker became the first African American woman to take command of a navy missile destroyer.{{cite web|url=http://myfox8.com/2012/02/24/first-black-woman-to-command-navy-missile-destroyer-is-from-greensboro/|title=First black woman to command navy missile destroyer is from Greensboro | MyFOX8.com|date=25 February 2012|publisher=myfox8.com|access-date=12 July 2014}}

2012

|Five "Tigertails" of Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron One Two Five (VAW-125), embarked aboard the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier {{USS|Carl Vinson|CVN-70}} as part of Carrier Air Wing Seventeen (CVW-17), flew an historic flight on 25 January when they participated in the navy's first all-female E-2C Hawkeye combat mission.{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=65011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805053756/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=65011|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2012|title=Historical All-Female Flight Takes Place Aboard USS Carl Vinson|first=Rosa A.|last=Arzola|publisher=navy.mil|access-date=12 July 2014}}

2012

|On 22 June 2012, a sailor assigned to {{USS|Ohio|SSGN-726}} became the first female supply officer to qualify in submarines in the navy. Lt. Britta Christianson of Ohio's Gold Crew received her Submarine Supply Corps "dolphins" from the Gold Crew Commanding Officer Capt. Rodney Mills during a brief ceremony at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility (PSNS & IMF).

2012

|On 5 December 2012, three sailors assigned to {{USS|Maine|SSBN-741}} and {{USS|Wyoming|SSBN-742}} became the first female unrestricted line officers to qualify in submarines in the navy. LTJG Marquette Leveque, a native of Fort Collins, Colorado, assigned to the Gold Crew of Wyoming, and LTJG Amber Cowan and LTJG Jennifer Noonan [ROTC Cornell University], a native of Scituate MA, both of Maine's Blue Crew received their submarine "dolphins" during separate ceremonies at Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Ga., and Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor, Wash.

2012

| Robin Braun became the first female commander of the Navy Reserve, making her the first female three star aviator and the first woman to lead any Reserve component of the military.{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/aug/13/navy-reserves-1st-female-commander-takes-charge/ |title=Navy Reserve's 1st female commander takes charge |work=Washington Times |date=13 August 2012 |access-date=8 September 2013}}

2014

| Michelle J. Howard became the first female four-star admiral in the navy.

2014

| Jan E. Tighe became the first woman to command a numbered fleet when she assumed command of the navy's Tenth Fleet on 2 April 2014.{{cite web|url=http://www.doncio.navy.mil/CHIPS/ArticleDetails.aspx?ID=5257|title=Vice Adm. Jan E. Tighe, first female commander of a numbered fleet in U.S. Navy history, talks about information warfare |publisher=Navy.mil|work=CHIPS Magazine |date=24 July 2014|access-date=27 February 2017}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

2014

| In July 2014, Marine Corps Captain Katie Higgins became the first female pilot to join the Blue Angels, the navy's flight demonstration squadron. She piloted the team's KC-130 Hercules support aircraft, "Fat Albert."{{cite web|url=http://www.flyingmag.com/news/first-female-pilot-joins-blue-angels|title=Female Pilot Joins Blue Angels |work=Flying|first=Stephen|last=Pope|date=24 July 2014|access-date=24 July 2014}}

2015

| Nora Tyson was installed as the commander of the navy's Third Fleet, making her the first woman to lead a navy operational fleet.{{cite web|first=Abbey |last=Gibb |url=http://fox5sandiego.com/2015/07/24/first-woman-to-lead-navy-fleet-takes-over/ |title=First woman to lead Navy Fleet takes over |publisher=FOX5 San Diego |date=24 July 2015 |access-date=25 July 2015}}{{cite web|last=Steele |first=Jeanette |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2015/jul/24/tyson-third-fleet-change-command-swift/ |title=1st woman at helm of U.S. ship fleet |work=SanDiegoUnionTribune.com |date=30 July 1965 |access-date=25 July 2015}}

2015

| Cheryl Hansen became the first female commander of the Naval Construction Battalion Center in Gulfport, Mississippi.{{cite web |url=http://www.wxxv25.com/news/local/story/Change-of-Command-at-Gulfport-NCBC/dLH58MQuXk-mW1Q2SJkaeg.cspx |title=Change of Command at Gulfport NCBC |publisher=WXXV25 |date=30 July 2015 |access-date=5 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810184811/http://www.wxxv25.com/news/local/story/Change-of-Command-at-Gulfport-NCBC/dLH58MQuXk-mW1Q2SJkaeg.cspx |archive-date=10 August 2015 |url-status=dead }}

2015

| In December 2015, Defense Secretary Ash Carter stated that starting in 2016 all combat jobs would open to women.

2016

| In March 2016, Defense Secretary Ash Carter approved final plans from military service branches and the U.S. Special Operations Command to open all combat jobs to women, and authorized the military to begin integrating female combat soldiers "right away."

2016

| In August 2016, Dominique Saavedra became the first enlisted female sailor to earn her submarine qualification.

2019

| In 2019, Capt. Tamara Lawrence, a spokeswoman for Naval Special Warfare, confirmed that an anonymous woman completed the SOAS Navy Seal screening, but was afterwards transferred to another section of the Navy as she had not listed the SEALs as her first choice of military branch to serve with.{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/for-first-time-a-woman-has-successfully-finished-demanding-u-s-navy-seal-officer-screening-program|title=For the first time, a woman has completed the demanding U.S. Navy SEAL officer test|first=Ross|last=Andersen|work=The National Post|date=2019-12-18|access-date=2020-04-07}} Lawrence also revealed that the woman who managed to complete the training was among five women who participated in the Navy SEAL SOAS training program as well and that this woman was awarded membership in the Navy branch of her choosing for completing the training.

2021

|In July 2021, the first woman graduated from a Naval Special Warfare (NSW) assessment and selection pipeline to become a Special Warfare Combatant craft Crewman (SWCC). The SWCC directly supports the SEALs and other commando units, and are experts in covert insertion and extraction special operations tactics.

2023

|In November 2023, Admiral Lisa Franchetti became the first female Chief of Naval Operations and, consequently, the first female member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.{{Cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/news/your-navy/2023/11/02/senate-finally-confirms-adm-franchetti-as-navys-top-officer/|title=Senate finally confirms Adm. Franchetti as Navy's top officer|first=Geoff|last=Ziezulewicz|date=2 November 2023|website=Defense News}}

2023-2024

|At some point in a deployment that lasted from October 2023 until July 14, 2024, a woman in the Navy's Strike Fighter Squadron 32 (VFA-32) became the first American female pilot to engage and kill an air-to-air contact.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dvidshub.net/news/476139/strike-fighter-squadron-vfa-32-returns-deployment|title=Strike Fighter Squadron (VFA) 32 Returns from Deployment|website=DVIDS}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/pilot-becomes-first-us-woman-score-air-to-air-kill-2024-7|title=Super Hornet pilot who battled the Houthis became 1st US female aviator to score an air-to-air kill, Navy says|first=Rebecca|last=Rommen|website=Business Insider}}

2024

|Yvette M. Davids began serving as the first female Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy on 11 January 2024.{{Cite web |title=VADM Davids Confirmed As Superintendent At Naval Academy |url=https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3643662/vadm-davids-confirmed-as-superintendent-at-naval-academy/https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3643662/vadm-davids-confirmed-as-superintendent-at-naval-academy/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=United States Navy |language=en-US}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebaltimorebanner.com/education/higher-education/making-history-vice-adm-yvette-davids-becomes-first-woman-and-person-of-color-to-lead-naval-academy-CIIQ7VOLTNBTVOTQJWOV5DGLCQ/|title=Yvette Davids becomes first woman and Latina to lead Naval Academy|first=Royale|last=Bonds|date=January 12, 2024|website=The Baltimore Banner}}{{Cite web | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2023/04/21/yvette-davids-us-naval-academy-superintendent/ | title=Rear admiral picked to be first female leader of U.S. Naval Academy | newspaper=The Washington Post | first1=Nick | last1=Anderson | first2=Karina | last2=Elwood | date=2023-04-21}}

Careers

In the navy, women are currently eligible to serve in all ratings. In 2013 Leon Panetta removed the U.S. military's ban on women serving in combat, overturning a 1994 rule prohibiting women from being assigned to smaller ground combat units. Panetta's decision gave the U.S. military services until January 2016 to seek special exceptions if they believed any positions must remain closed to women. The services had until May 2013 to draw up a plan for opening all units to women and until the end of 2015 to actually implement it.{{cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/23/women-in-combat_n_2535954.html | work=Huffington Post | title=Women In Combat Ban Removed | date=23 January 2013}}{{cite news| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/panetta-to-lift-ban-on-women-in-combat/ |title=Panetta to lift ban on women in combat| work=CBS News}} In December 2015, Defense Secretary Ash Carter stated that starting in 2016 all combat jobs would open to women.

The former policy set by Congress and the Secretary of Defense, effective 1 October 1994, excluded women from direct ground combat billets in the military, stating:

:"Service members who are eligible to be assigned to all positions for which they are qualified, except that women shall be excluded from assignment to units below the brigade level whose primary mission is to engage in direct combat on the ground as defined below. "Direct ground combat is engaging an enemy on the ground with individual or crew-served weapons, while being exposed to hostile fire and to a high probability of direct physical contact with the hostile force's personnel. Direct combat take place well forward on the battlefield while locating and closing with the enemy to defeat them by fire, maneuver, or shock effect." However, qualified and motivated women are encouraged to investigate the diver and explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) fields."

{{multiple image

| align = center

| width = 260

| footer = Careers in the navy

| image1 = Aviation Ordnanceman.jpg

| alt1 = Aviation Ordnanceman loading a missile

| caption1 =

| image2 = Quatermaster Seaman Apprentice.jpg

| alt2 = Quartermaster Seaman Apprentice

| caption2 =

| image3 = Boatswain's Mate.jpg

| alt3 = Boatswain's Mate

| image4 = Sonar Technician.jpg

| alt4 = Sonar Technician

}}

Dress

  • A certified maternity uniform is mandatory for all pregnant servicewomen in the navy when the regular uniform no longer fits.

Grooming standards

  • Hair: The navy deems that hairstyles shall not be "outrageously multicolored" or "faddish," to include shaved portions of the scalp (other than the neckline), or have designs cut or braided into the hair. Hair coloring must look natural and complement the individual. Haircuts and styles shall present a balanced appearance. Lopsided and extremely asymmetrical styles are not authorized. Pigtails, widely spaced individual hanging locks, and braids that protrude from the head, are not authorized. Multiple braids are authorized. Braided hairstyles shall be conservative and conform to the guidelines listed herein. When a hairstyle of multiple braids is worn, braids shall be of uniform dimension, small in diameter (approx. 1/4 inch), and tightly interwoven to present a neat, professional, well-groomed appearance. Foreign material (i.e., beads, decorative items) shall not be braided into the hair. Short hair may be braided in symmetrical fore and aft rows (cornrowing) that minimize scalp exposure. Cornrow ends shall not protrude from the head, and shall be secured only with inconspicuous rubber bands that match the color of the hair. Appropriateness of a hairstyle shall also be judged by its appearance when headgear is worn. All headgear shall fit snugly and comfortably around the largest part of the head without distortion or excessive gaps. Hair shall not show from under the front of the brim of the combination hat, garrison, or command ball caps. Hairstyles which do not allow headgear to be worn in this manner, or which interfere with the proper wear of protective masks or equipment are prohibited. When in uniform, the hair may touch, but not fall below a horizontal line level with the lower edge of the back of the collar. On 11 July 2018 Navy women became allowed to wear their hair in ponytails, locks, wider buns and at times below their collars, although subject to strict guidelines on the matter.{{cite web|first=Gina |last=Harkins |url=https://www.military.com/kitup/2018/07/13/here-are-rules-behind-navys-new-female-hair-regs.html |title=Here Are the Rules Behind the Navy's New Female Hair Regs |publisher=Military.com |date= 13 July 2018|access-date=16 July 2018}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2018/07/12/navy-allow-women-wear-their-hair-ponytails-locks/777790002/|title=Navy to allow women to wear their hair in ponytails, locks and other styles|work=USA Today|access-date=12 July 2018|language=en}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/us-navy-relaxes-rules-on-womens-hairstyles-to-allow-ponytails-and-dreadlocks-a3884946.html|title=US Navy relaxes rules on women's hairstyles to allow ponytails and dreadlocks|work=Evening Standard|access-date=12 July 2018|language=en-GB}}
  • Cosmetics: The navy prefers that cosmetics be applied in good taste so that colors blend with natural skin tone and enhance natural features. Exaggerated or faddish cosmetic styles are not authorized and shall not be worn. Care should be taken to avoid artificial appearance. Lipstick colors shall be conservative and complement the individual. Long false eyelashes shall not be worn when in uniform.
  • Tattoos: Navy policy stipulates that any tattoo/body art/brand that is obscene, sexually explicit or advocates discrimination of any sort is prohibited. No tattoos/body art/brands on the head, face, neck, or scalp and individual tattoos/body art/brands exposed by wearing a short sleeve uniform shirt shall be no larger in size than the wearer's hand with fingers extended and joined with the thumb touching the base of the index finger.
  • Jewelry: Conservative jewelry is authorized for all personnel and shall be in good taste while in uniform. Eccentricities or faddishness are not permitted. Jewelry shall not present a safety or FOD (Foreign object damage) hazard. Jewelry shall be worn within the following guidelines

::* Earrings: Earrings for women are an optional item, and are not required for wear. When worn the earring shall be a 4-6mm ball (gold for officers/CPOs, and silver for E-6 and below), plain with brushed, matte finish, screw-on or post type. Pearl earrings may be worn with Dinner Dress or Formal uniforms.

::* Rings: While in uniform, only one ring per hand is authorized, plus a wedding/engagement ring set. Rings are not authorized for wear on thumbs.

::* Necklaces: While in uniform, only one necklace may be worn and it shall not be visible.

::* Bracelets: While in uniform, only one of each may be worn. Ankle bracelets are not authorized while in uniform.

  • Fingernails: Fingernails for women shall not exceed 1/4 inch beyond the end of the finger. They shall be kept clean. Nail polish may be worn, but colors shall be conservative and complement the skin tone.

Health and fitness standards

The Physical Fitness Assessment (PFA) is conducted twice a year for all sailors, which includes:

  • Body Composition Assessment (BCA). Body composition is assessed by:

:* An initial weight and height screening

:* A Navy-approved circumference technique to estimate body fat percentage

Physical Readiness Test (PRT) include different standards for male and female sailors. PRT is a series of physical activities designed to evaluate factors that enable members to perform physically. Factors evaluated are:

:* Muscular strength and endurance via:

::# Planks{{cite web | url=https://www.militaryonesource.mil/military-life-cycle/new-to-the-military/getting-settled/navy-physical-readiness-test/ | title=The New Navy PRT Standards | Requirements & Changes | date=9 December 2019 }}

::# Push-ups

:*Aerobic capacity via:

::# 1.5-mile run/walk, or

::# 500-yard or 450-meter swim

PT Fitness Standards (NSW/NSO programs only):

  • The PST consists of five events:
  1. 500-yard swim (using sidestroke or breaststroke)
  2. Push-Ups (as many as possible in 2-minutes)
  3. Sit-Ups (as many as possible in 2-minutes)
  4. Pull-Ups (as many as possible, no time limit)
  5. 1 ½ mile run

Navy family life

=Benefits=

Frontiero v. Richardson, {{ussc|411|677|1973}}, was a landmark Supreme Court case which decided that benefits given by the military to the family of service members cannot be given out differently because of sex.

=Marriage=

Spouse co-location assignments are fully supported by the Chief of Naval Personnel and when requested become the highest priority and main duty preference consistent with the needs of the navy. While not always possible, every effort, within reason, will be made for military couples and family members to move & serve together. Co-op assignments are not guaranteed.

The service member requesting transfer to join with his/her spouse or family member must have a minimum of one year on board his/her present command at the time of transfer.

Military couples may not be permanently assigned to the same ship or the same shipboard deployable command. For shore assignments, the couple will not be assigned to the same reporting station without the gaining CO's approval. Unusual circumstances may require a couple being temporarily assigned to the same afloat activity, which is allowable at the CO's discretion.{{cite web|url=https://www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Navy-Personnel-Command/?IsLowBandwidth=True%20and%20MILPERSMAN%201300-10000 |title=(title not available)|access-date=17 May 2010}}

Controversies

=Transgender people=

According to scholars, since at least as early as 1960, Executive Order 10450 was applied to ban transgender individuals from serving in the United States military.{{Cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/10450.html|title=Executive Orders|date=August 15, 2016|website=National Archives}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.outserve-sldn.org/about-us/ |title=Our History |access-date=January 26, 2019 |archive-date=January 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126221040/https://www.outserve-sldn.org/about-us/ |url-status=live }} On May 17, 1963, gender transitioned or transitioning individuals were officially prohibited from the United States military by Army Regulation 40-501. This policy reasoned transgender people were medically unqualified to serve because their mental state was considered unfit.{{cite web |url=http://www.nclrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Govt-Brief.pdf |title=Defendants' Motion to Dismiss and Opposition to Plaintiffs' Application for a Preliminary Injunction, Civil Action No. 17-cv-1597 (CKK)|date=October 4, 2017 |author1=Readler, Chad A. |author2=Shumate, Brett A. |author3=Griffiths, John R. |author4=Coppolino, Anthony J. |publisher=National Center for Lesbian Rights |access-date=April 13, 2018 |archive-date=December 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211053355/http://www.nclrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Govt-Brief.pdf |url-status=live }} Later, after varying restrictions over the years, there stopped being restrictions on people serving in the military due to their being transgender when President Joe Biden signed the "Executive Order on Enabling All Qualified Americans to Serve Their Country in Uniform" on January 25, 2021.{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/25/biden-reverses-trumps-ban-on-transgender-people-enlisting-in-the-military.html |title=Biden reverses Trump's ban on transgender people enlisting in the military |first=Andrea |last=Macias |date=January 25, 2021 |publisher=CNBC |access-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126044819/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/25/biden-reverses-trumps-ban-on-transgender-people-enlisting-in-the-military.html |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/25/executive-order-on-enabling-all-qualified-americans-to-serve-their-country-in-uniform/ |title=Executive Order on Enabling All Qualified Americans to Serve Their Country in Uniform |first=Joe |last=Biden |date=January 25, 2021 |publisher=White House |access-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-date=January 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125184515/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/25/executive-order-on-enabling-all-qualified-americans-to-serve-their-country-in-uniform/ |url-status=live }}

=Pregnancy=

In her 1995 book Tailspin: Women at War in the Wake of Tailhook, Jean Zimmerman reported that there was a perception in the navy that women sailors use pregnancy to escape or avoid deployed ship duty. In an example cited by Zimmerman, in 1993 as the USS Cape Cod prepared to depart on a deployment cruise, 25 female sailors, out of a crew of 1,500, reported being pregnant shortly before the scheduled departure and were reassigned to shore duty. Although Zimmerman felt that the number of pregnancies was small and should not be regarded as significant, the senior enlisted sailor on the ship, Command Master Chief Alice Smith rejoined, "Just about every division has been decimated by the number of pregnancies. Now tell me that's not going to hurt a ship."Zimmerman, pp. 170–171. A 1997 study by the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center found that female sailors assigned to ships experienced higher pregnancy and abortion rates than shore-based female sailors.Scarborough, Rowan, "[http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/apr/05/navy-faces-health-issues-for-women-in-submarines/ Women in submarines face health issues]", Washington Times, 5 April 2010, p. 1.

A Navy policy change in June 2007 extended post-partum tours of duty ashore from 4 months to 12 months. A Virginia Pilot article in October 2007 reported on the navy's policy decision as a means to improve long term retention of trained personnel. The chief of women's policy for the chief of personnel noted that far more men than women fail to deploy or are sent back from deployment, "because of sports injuries, discipline issues or testing positive for drugs."Wiltrout, Kate, "[http://www.military.com/NewsContent/0,13319,152426,00.html/ Navy Strives to Retain Pregnant Sailors]", Virginia Pilot, 11 October 2007.

In 2009, Andrew Tilghman reported in the Military Times on a Naval Inspector General (IG) report noting that, in the wake of this change, Navy shore commands based in Norfolk reported that 34% of their assigned members were pregnant sailors reassigned from ship duty. Since shore-based assignments for pregnant sailors were extended in 2007, the number of navy women leaving deploying units to have children rose from 1,770 in June 2006 to 3,125 as of 1 August 2009. Tilghman further reports that Navy Personnel Command is reviewing the report.Tilghman, Andrew, "[http://militarytimes.com/news/2009/10/navy_pregnancy_101709w/ Report outlines pregnancy policy concerns]", Military Times, 18 October 2009.

=Sexual orientation=

Before the "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy was enacted in 1993, lesbians and bisexual women (and gay men and bisexual men) were banned from serving in the military. In 1993 the "Don't Ask Don't Tell" policy was enacted, which mandated that the military could not ask servicemembers about their sexual orientation. However, until the policy was ended in 2011 service members were still expelled from the military if they engaged in sexual conduct with a member of the same sex, stated that they were lesbian, gay, or bisexual, and/or married or attempted to marry someone of the same sex.

=Women on submarines=

In July 1994, policy changes were made expanding the number of assignments available to women in the navy. At this time, repeal of the combat exclusion law gave women the opportunity to serve on surface combatant ships but still excluded assignments for women to serve on board submarines. Previously there had been concern about bringing women onto submarines because living quarters offered little privacy and weren't considered suitable for mixed-gender habitation.{{cite web|last=Graham |first=Ian |url=http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=53288 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805055948/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=53288 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 August 2012 |title=Submarine Integration a Learning Process, Task Force Leader Says |publisher=Navy.mil |date=11 May 2011 |access-date=31 October 2011}}

In October 2009, the Secretary of the Navy announced that he and the Chief of Naval Operations were moving aggressively to change the policy. Reasons included the fact that larger SSGN and SSBN submarines now in the Fleet had more available space and could accommodate female Officers with little or no modification. Also, the availability of qualified female candidates with the desire to serve in this capacity was cited. It was noted that women now represented 15% of the Active Duty Navy and that women today earn about half of all science and engineering bachelor's degrees. A policy change was deemed to serve the aspirations of women, the mission of the navy and the strength of its submarine force.

In February 2010, the Secretary of Defense approved the proposed policy and signed letters formally notifying Congress of the intended change. After receiving no objection, the Department of the Navy officially announced on 29 April 2010, that it had authorized women to serve on board submarines moving forward.

The first group of U.S. female submariners completed nuclear power school and officially reported on board two ballistic and two guided missile submarines in November 2011.

In 2024 the USS New Jersey, the first submarine designed for the complete integration of female and male sailors, was commissioned into the Navy's Submarine Force.{{Cite web|url=https://www.northjersey.com/story/news/2024/09/14/uss-new-jersey-the-first-gender-neutral-submarine-joins-u-s-fleet/75210209007/|title=Navy fleet welcomes newest USS New Jersey, the first gender-neutral submarine|first=David M. Zimmer and Juan Carlos|last=Castillo|website=North Jersey Media Group}}

Admirals

File:Change of Command in New Orleans DVIDS195966.jpg, Commander, Navy Recruiting Command.]]

Alene Duerk became the first female admiral in the navy in 1972. Michelle J. Howard became the first female four-star admiral in the navy in 2014.

class="wikitable sortable"
style="width:130px;"| Name

! style="width:90px;"| Commission

! class="unsortable" | Position

! style="width:90px;"| Community

! style="width:70px;"| RDML

! style="width:70px;"| RADM

! style="width:70px;"| VADM

! style="width:70px;"| ADM

! style="width:70px;"| Retired

! class="unsortable" | Notes

valign=top

| {{sort name|Michelle J.|Howard}}

| 1982 (USNA)

| Vice Chief of Naval Operations

Surface Warfare

| style="text-align:center;"| 2006

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| style="text-align:center;"| 2017

| First woman to earn fourth star in the US Navy.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Patricia A.|Tracey|Patricia Ann Tracey}}

| 1970

| Director, Navy Staff, N09B, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| ?

| style="text-align:center;"| ?

| style="text-align:center;"| 1996

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2004

| First woman to earn third star in the US Navy.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Ann E.|Rondeau}}

| 1974 (OCS)

| President, National Defense University

Fleet Support

| style="text-align:center;"| 1999

| style="text-align:center;"| 2002

| style="text-align:center;"| 2005

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Nancy Elizabeth|Brown}}

| 1974 (OCS)

| Director for C4 Systems (J6)

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| 2000

| style="text-align:center;"| 2003

| style="text-align:center;"| 2006

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2009

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Carol M.|Pottenger}}

| 1977 (NROTC)

| Deputy Chief of Staff for Capability and Development, Supreme Allied Commander Transformation

Surface Warfare

| style="text-align:center;"| 2003

| style="text-align:center;"| 2007

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Nanette M.|DeRenzi}}

| 1984 (OIS)

| Judge Advocate General of the Navy

JAG

| style="text-align:center;"| 2009DeRenzi never held the rank of rear admiral (lower half) (O-7). She was promoted from captain (O-6) to rear admiral (O-8) when she assumed the duties of Deputy Judge Advocate General in 2009.

| style="text-align:center;"| 2009

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2015

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Robin|Braun}}

| 1980

| Chief of Navy Reserve/Commander, Navy Reserve Force

Reserve, Naval Aviator

| style="text-align:center;"| 2007

| style="text-align:center;"| 2011

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2016

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Nora W.|Tyson}}

| 1979 (OCS)

| Commander, US Third Fleet

Naval Flight Officer

| style="text-align:center;"| 2007

| style="text-align:center;"| 2011

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2017

| First woman to command a carrier strike group.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Jan E.|Tighe}}

| 1984 (USNA)

| Commander, U.S. Fleet Cyber Command, Commander U. S. 10th Fleet

IDW/Crypto

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2018

| First female IDW flag officer. First woman to command a numbered fleet.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Nancy A.|Norton}}{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=715|title=Nancy A. Norton|publisher=navy.mil}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| 1987 (OCS)

| Commander, Joint Forces Headquarters - Department of Defense Information Network (JFHQ-DODIN); Director of the Defense Information Agency (DISA) {{cite web|url=https://www.disa.mil/NewsandEvents/2018/Change-of-Command|title=Norton assumes command of JFHQ-DODIN and directorship of DISA|publisher=disa.mil}}

IDW

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"| 2016

| style="text-align:center;"| 2018

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2021

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Fran|McKee}}

| 1950

| Assistant Chief of Naval Personnel for Human Resource Management

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| 1976

| style="text-align:center;"| 1978

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1981

| First woman line officer promoted to flag rank in the United States Navy. Second woman promoted to flag rank in the United States Navy

valign=top

| {{sort name|Roberta L.|Hazard}}

| 1960

| Assistant Chief of Naval Personnel, Personnel Readiness and Community Support 1989–1992

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| 1984

| style="text-align:center;"| 1989

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1992

| First woman to command a navy training command (NTC San Diego 1982).

valign=top

| {{sort name|Marsha J.|Evans}}

| 1967

| Superintendent of the Naval Postgraduate School 1995–1998

Fleet Support

| style="text-align:center;"| 1992

| style="text-align:center;"| 1996

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1998

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Joan Marie|Engel}}

| 1969

| 18th Director, Navy Nurse Corps 1994–1998

SHCE (Nurse Corps)

| style="text-align:center;"| 1994

| style="text-align:center;"| 1997

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2000

| 18th Director, Navy Nurse Corps.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Barbara E.|McGann}}

| 1970 (OCS)

| Provost, Naval War College 2000–2002

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| 1994

| style="text-align:center;"| 1998

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2002

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Ronne|Froman}}

| 1970

| Director, Ashore Readiness, Chief of Naval Operations, Washington, D.c. 2000 – 2001

Fleet Support

| style="text-align:center;"| 1995

| style="text-align:center;"| 1999

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2001

| First woman commander of Navy Region Southwest (aka "Navy Mayor of San Diego"), 1997–2000.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Bonnie Burnham|Potter}}

| 1975 (OIS)

| Fleet Surgeon, U.S. Atlantic Fleet 1999–

Medical Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 1997

| style="text-align:center;"| 2000

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2003

| First female physician to become a flag officer in the military.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Kathleen|Paige}}

| 1971

| Program Director, Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense 2003–2005

Engineering Duty Officer

| style="text-align:center;"| 1996

| style="text-align:center;"| 2001

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2005

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Karen A.|Harmeyer}}{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

| 1975

| Chief of Staff, Chief of Naval Operations, N093R, Washington, D.C.

SHCE (Nurse Corps)

| style="text-align:center;"| 1997

| style="text-align:center;"| 2001

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2002

| 1st female two-star in the Reserves.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Kathleen L.|Martin}}

| 1973 (OIS)

| Deputy Surgeon General of the Navy/ Vice Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery 2002–2005

SHCE (Nurse Corps)

| style="text-align:center;"| 1998

| style="text-align:center;"| 2001

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2005

| 19th Director of the Navy Nurse Corps from August 1998 to August 2001. First Nurse Corps officer to be assigned to the position of Deputy Surgeon General of the Navy.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Annette E.|Brown}}

| 1974 (OCS)

| Commander, Navy Region Southeast (2002)

Fleet Support

| style="text-align:center;"| 1999

| style="text-align:center;"| 2003

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2005

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Linda J.|Bird}}

| 1974 (OCS)

| Director, Supply, Ordnance and Logistics Operations Division, N41 2003–2005

Supply Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 1999

| style="text-align:center;"| 2002

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2005

|

valign=top

| [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=221 {{sort name|Elizabeth M.|Morris|nolink=y}}]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| 1973 (OIS)

| Deputy Chief for Reserve Affairs at the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery 2005–2006?

SHCE (Nurse Corps)

| style="text-align:center;"| 2001

| style="text-align:center;"| 2004

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2006

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Nancy J.|Lescavage}}

| 1972 (OIS)

| Senior Health Care Executive Regional Director, TRICARE Regional Office – West

SHCE (Nurse Corps)

| style="text-align:center;"| 2003

| style="text-align:center;"| 2005

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2009

| 20th Director of the Navy Nurse Corps.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Donna L.|Crisp}}

| 1974 (OCS)

| Commander, Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| 2001

| style="text-align:center;"| 2006

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

|

valign=top

| [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=122 {{sort name|Ann D.|Gilbride|nolink=y}}]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| 1978 (OCS)

| Director, National Maritime Intelligence Center

Reserve

| style="text-align:center;"| 2003

| style="text-align:center;"| 2006

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2009

|

valign=top

| [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=243 {{sort name|Sharon H.|Redpath|nolink=y}}]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| 1976 (NROTC)

| Vice Commander, Navy Expeditionary Combat Command, Commander, Navy Expeditionary Logistics Support Group

Reserve

| style="text-align:center;"| 2003

| style="text-align:center;"| 2006

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2009

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Elizabeth A.|Hight}}

| 1977 (OCS)

| Vice Director, Defense Information Systems Agency

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| 2003

| style="text-align:center;"| 2006

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| First woman to Command the JTF-GNO, after serving as its Deputy Commander. First woman Vice Director at DISA.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Christine|Bruzek-Kohler}}

| 1974

| Commander, Navy Medicine West, Naval Medical Center San Diego

Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2004

| style="text-align:center;"| 2007

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| 21st Director of the Navy Nurse Corps.

valign=top

| [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=151 {{sort name|Christine S.|Hunter|nolink=y}}]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| 1980

| deputy director, TRICARE Management Activity

Medical

| style="text-align:center;"| 2004

| style="text-align:center;"| 2007

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2011

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Wendi B.|Carpenter}}

| 1977 (AOCS)

| Commander, Navy Warfare Development Command, Norfolk

Reserve

| style="text-align:center;"| 2004

| style="text-align:center;"| 2008

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2011

| First female naval aviator promoted to Flag rank.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Karen|Flaherty}}

| 1973 (OIS)

| Deputy Surgeon General of Navy Medicine

Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2003

| style="text-align:center;"| 2008

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

| 22nd Director of the Navy Nurse Corps.

valign=top

| [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=363 {{sort name|Moira N.|Flanders|nolink=y}}]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| 1978 (OCS)

| Director, Inter-American Defense College

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| 2005

| style="text-align:center;"| 2008

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012 

|

valign=top

| [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=362 {{sort name|Kathleen M.|Dussault|nolink=y}}]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| 1979 (OCS)

| Director, Supply, Ordnance and Logistics Operations Division (OPNAV N41)

Supply Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2006

| style="text-align:center;"| 2009

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

|

valign=top

| [https://web.archive.org/web/20070612234742/https://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=393 {{sort name|Janice M.|Hamby|nolink=y}}]

| 1980 (NROTC)

| Vice Director for C4 Systems (J6)

URL, then Information Professional{{cite web|title=Interview with Director of Operations for Naval Network Warfare Command Rear Admiral Janice M. Hamby|url=https://www.doncio.navy.mil/CHIPS/ArticleDetails.aspx?ID=2867|magazine=CHIPS Magazine|access-date=12 December 2011}}

| style="text-align:center;"| 2006

| style="text-align:center;"| 2009

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

|

valign=top

| [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=496 {{sort name|Elizabeth S.|Niemyer|nolink=y}}]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| 1981

| Director, Navy Nurse Corps

Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2008

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| 23rd Director of the Navy Nurse Corps

valign=top

| [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=387 {{sort name|Patricia E.|Wolfe|nolink=y}}]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| 1981 (NROTC)

| Commander, Navy Expeditionary Logistics Support Group (NAVELSG)

Reserve, Supply Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2007

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

|

valign=top

| [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=486 {{sort name|Cynthia A.|Covell|nolink=y}}]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| 1980 (OCS)

| Director, Total Force Requirements Division (OPNAV N12)

Navy Human Resources Officer

| style="text-align:center;"| 2008

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Margaret D.|Klein}}

| 1981 (USNA)

| Senior Advisor to the Secretary of Defense for Military Professionalism

Naval Flight Officer

| style="text-align:center;"| 2008

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2017

| 82nd Commandant of Midshipmen, USNA – first woman.

valign=top

| {{sortname|Sandy|Daniels}}

| 1980 (USNA)

| Senior Advisor for Space to the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Information Dominance (OPNAV N2/N6)

Reserve

| style="text-align:center;"| 2007

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2015

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Katherine L.|Gregory}}

| 1982 (USNA)

| Commander, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Chief of Civil Engineers

CEC

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2015

| First female CEC admiral.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Elizabeth L.|Train}}

| 1983 (OCS)

| Director, National Maritime Intelligence-Integration Office, Commander, Office of Naval Intelligence

Intelligence

| style="text-align:center;"| 2009

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2016

|

valign=top

| [https://web.archive.org/web/20101205155211/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=615 {{sort name|Paula C.|Brown|nolink=y}}]

| 1982

| Deputy Commander, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Deputy Chief of Civil Engineers

CEC

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2016

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Elaine C.|Wagner}}

| 1984

| Deputy Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Wounded, Ill and Injured

Dental Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2017

| Chief of the Naval Dental Corps, 2010 – 2017

valign=top

| {{sort name|Althea|Coetzee}}

| 1985 (USNA)

| Deputy Director, Contingency Contracting, Defense Procurement and Acquisition Policy (DPAP), OSD (Acquisition Technology & Logistics)

Supply Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2011

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2017

|

valign=top

| [https://web.archive.org/web/20141026191658/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=752 {{sort name|Janet R.|Donovan|nolink=y}}]

| 1983

| Deputy Judge Advocate General (Reserve Affairs & OPS)

JAG

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2016 

|

valign=top

| [https://web.archive.org/web/20101205153823/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=614 {{sort name|Martha E. G.|Herb|nolink=y}}]

| 1979 (OCS)

| Director Inter-American Defense College

EOD

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2018

|

valign=top

| [https://web.archive.org/web/20120419123413/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=657 {{sort name|Valerie K.|Huegel|nolink=y}}]

| 1980 (OCS)

| Commander, Navy Expeditionary Logistics Support Group

Supply Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2011

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2017 

|

valign=top

| [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=637 {{sort name|Rebecca J.|McCormick-Boyle|nolink=y}}]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| 1981

| Chief of Staff, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery

Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2011

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2018

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Margaret G.|Kibben}}

| 1986 (OIS)

| Chaplain of the United States Marine Corps, deputy chief of Navy Chaplains

Chaplain Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2018

| 18th Chaplain of the USMC, first female chaplain at USNA.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Alene B.|Duerk}}

| 1943

| Director Navy Nurse Corps 1970–1975

Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 1972

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1975

| First female admiral in the United States Navy. Director Navy Nurse Corps 1970–1975.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Maxine|Conder}}

| 1951

| Director, Navy Nurse Corps 1975–1979

Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 1975

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1979

| Director, Navy Nurse Corps.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Frances|Shea-Buckley}}

| 1951

| 14th Director, Navy Nurse Corps 1979–1983

Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 1979

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1983

| 14th Director, Navy Nurse Corps.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Pauline|Hartington}}{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

| 1953

| Commander, Naval Training Center Orlando

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| 1981

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1984

| Second woman line officer selected for flag rank.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Grace|Hopper}}

| 1944

| Head, Training and Technology Directorate/Special Advisor to the Commander, Naval Data Automation Command

URL?

| style="text-align:center;"| 1983

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1986

| Co-inventor of COBOL. Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer {{USS|Hopper|DDG-70}} named for RDML Hopper.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Mary Joan|Nielubowicz}}

| 1951

| 15th Director, Navy Nurse Corps 1983–1987

Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 1983

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1987

| 15th Director, Navy Nurse Corps.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Mary F.|Hall}}

| 1959

| 16th Director, Navy Nurse Corps 1987–1991

Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 1987

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1991

| Director, Navy Nurse Corps.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Louise C.|Wilmot|Louise Currie Wilmot}}

| 1964

| Commander, Naval Base Philadelphia −1994

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| 1991

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1994

| First woman to command a naval base.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Mariann|Stratton}}

| 1966

| 17th Director, Navy Nurse Corps 1991–1994

Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 1991

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1994

| 17th Director, Navy Nurse Corps.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Maryanne T. Gallagher|Ibach}}{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

| 1964

|

Reserve Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 1990

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1995

| First Reserve flag officer for Navy Nurse Corps.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Katharine L.|Laughton}}{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

| 1963

| Commander, Naval Space Command, Dahlgren, VA 1995–1997

Fleet Support

| style="text-align:center;"| 1993

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1997

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Nancy A.|Fackler}}{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

| 1962

| Deputy Director of the Navy Nurse Corps for Reserve Affairs

Reserve Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 1994

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 1997

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Jacqueline O. (Allison)|Barnes}}{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

|

| Director, On-Site Inspection Directorate 1998–2000

Fleet Support

| style="text-align:center;"| 1996

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2000

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Lillian E.|Fishburne}}

| 1973 (OCS)

| Director, Information Transfer Division for the Space, Information Warfare, Command and Control Directorate ?-2001

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| 1998

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2001

| First African-American woman to achieve flag rank.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Marianne B.|Drew}}{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

| 1967

| Deputy Commander, Navy Personnel Command

Reserve, Fleet Support

| style="text-align:center;"| 1999

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2002

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Eleanor|Mariano}}

| 1977

| White House Physician

Medical Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2000

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2001

| First Filipino-American flag officer.

valign=top

| [https://web.archive.org/web/20170904122527/http://sameshield.com/hs.html {{sort name|Rosanne M.|Levitre|nolink=y}}]

| 1973 (OCS)

| Director of Intelligence, J2, U.S. Joint Forces Command

Intelligence

| style="text-align:center;"| 2000

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2005

| First Director, Navy Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), FORCEnet. First female Intel officer selected for flag rank in the United States Navy.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Carol I.|Turner}}

| 1977

| Senior Health Care Executive, U.S. Navy Commander, Navy Medicine Support Command

Dental Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2005

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2008

| First female Chief of the Naval Dental Corps, 2003–2007.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Deborah|Loewer}}

| 1976 (OCS)

| Commander, Mine Warfare Command 2005–2006

Surface Warfare

| style="text-align:center;"| 2003

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2007

| First warfare-qualified woman selected for flag rank in the United States Navy.

valign=top

| [https://web.archive.org/web/20070612232119/https://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=382 {{sort name|Cynthia A.|Dullea|nolink=y}}]

| 1980 (OIS)

| Deputy Commander, Navy Medicine National Capital Area

Reserve

| style="text-align:center;"| 2007

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

|

valign=top

| [https://web.archive.org/web/20090417092111/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=499 {{sort name|Maude Elizabeth|Young|nolink=y}}]

| 1984 (USNA)

| Director, Systems Engineering National Reconnaissance Office; Commander, SPAWAR Space Field Activity (SSFA), PEO for Space Systems, USN

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| 2008

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2011

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Eleanor V.|Valentin}}

| 1982

| Director, Medical Service Corps, Commander, Navy Medicine Support Command, Jacksonville, Florida

MSC

| style="text-align:center;"| 2009

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| 16th director of the Medical Service Corps (first female director)

valign=top

| [https://archive.today/20120805120500/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=528 {{sort name|Robin L.|Graf|nolink=y}}]

| 1981 (OCS)

| Deputy Commander, Navy Recruiting Command

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| 2009

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2016

|

valign=top

| [https://archive.today/20120805070211/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=601 {{sort name|Diane E. H.|Webber|nolink=y}}]

| 1983 (OCS)

| Commander, Navy Cyber Forces

IP

| style="text-align:center;"| 2009

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2015

|

valign=top

| [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=515 {{sort name|Ann Claire|Phillips|nolink=y}}]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| 1983 (NROTC)

| Commander, Expeditionary Strike Group Two

Surface Warfare

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Gretchen S.|Herbert}}{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=537 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805084235/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=537 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 August 2012 |title=Rear Admiral Gretchen S. Herbert; Commander, Navy Cyber Forces |publisher=Navy.mil |access-date=31 October 2011}}

| 1984 (NROTC)

| Assistant Chief of Naval Operations, Next Generation Enterprise Network (NGEN)

URL

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Margaret A.|Rykowski}}

| 1987

| Fleet Surgeon, Third Fleet

NNC

| style="text-align:center;"| 2010

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Sandra E.|Adams}}

| 1981 (OCS)

| Deputy Commander, Naval Expeditionary Combat Command

URL (SWO)

| style="text-align:center;"| 2011

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2015

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Annie B.|Andrews}}

| 1983 (NROTC)

| Commander, Navy Recruiting Command

Navy Human Resources Officer

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2015

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Cindy|Jaynes}}

| 1983 (OCS)

| Program Executive Officer for Air ASW, Assault & Special Mission Programs, PEO(A)

AMDO

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2016

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Christina M.|Alvarado}}

| 1988

| Deputy Commander, Navy Medicine East

Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"| 2015

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2018

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Babette|Bolivar}}

| 1985 (USNA)

| Commander, Navy Region Southwest

EOD/ Diving & Salvage

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2021

|

valign=top

| [https://web.archive.org/web/20130629081430/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=705 {{sort name|Priscilla B.|Coe|nolink=y}}]

|

| Deputy Chief of Staff, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Deputy Chief, Navy Reserve Dental Corps

Dental Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2016

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Lisa|Franchetti}}

| 1985 (NROTC)

| Chief of Naval Operations

SWO

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2018

| style="text-align:center;"|2022

| style="text-align:center;"|

| First women to become CNO

valign=top

| {{sort name|Alma M.|Grocki}}

| 1981 (USNA)

| Deputy Chief of Staff for Fleet Maintenance, Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet

Reserve EDO

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2016

|

valign=top

| [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=741 {{sort name|Deborah P.|Haven|nolink=y}}]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

|

| Commander, Defense Contract Management Agency International

Reserve Supply Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"| 2016

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2019

|

valign=top

| [https://web.archive.org/web/20130510121752/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=701 {{sort name|Barbara|Sweredoski|nolink=y}}]

| 1985 (NROTC)

| Reserve Deputy, Military Personnel Plans & Policy N13R

HR

| style="text-align:center;"| 2012

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2015

|

valign=top

| [http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=741 {{sort name|Cynthia|Thebaud|nolink=y}}]{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

| 1985 (USNA)

| Commander, Logistics Group Western Pacific, Commander, Task Force 73, Singapore Area Coordinator

SWO

| style="text-align:center;"| 2013

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2016

|

[https://archive.today/20141004010549/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=816 {{sort name|Dawn E.|Cutler|nolink=y}}]

| 1989 (NROTC)

| Chief of Information (CHINFO)

| PAO

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2017

|

{{sort name|Danelle|Barrett}}{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

| 1989 (NROTC)

| Cyber Security Division Director/Deputy Department of the Navy Chief Information Officer

| IDWO

| style="text-align:center;"| 2015

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2019

|

{{sort name|Kelly|Aeschbach}}

| (NROTC)

| Commander, U.S. Naval Information Forces

| Intelligence

| style="text-align:center;"| 2016

| style="text-align:center;"| 2019

| style="text-align:center;"| 2021

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

|

{{sort name|Linda|Wackerman}}{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

|1986

|First female C9 Squadron CO, VR52; Commander of NEPLO Program; Deputy Director OPNAV N81; Deputy Commander Navy IG; Deputy Commander USNAVSO and US FOURTH Fleet

|Naval Aviator

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2018

| Pilot for American Airlines

valign=top

| {{sort name|Raquel C.|Bono}}{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=626|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121212024349/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/bios/navybio.asp?bioID=626|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 December 2012|title=Raquel C. Bono|publisher=navy.mil}}

| 1979

| Director, Defense Health Agency

Medical Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2011

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| style="text-align:center;"| 2015

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2019

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Tina A.|Davidson}}

| 1986

| Commander, Navy Medicine Education, Training and Logistics Command

Nurse Corps

| style="text-align:center;"| 2016

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2020

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Mary M.|Jackson}}

| 1988 (USNA)

| Commander, Navy Installations Command

SWO

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| style="text-align:center;"| 2017

| style="text-align:center;"| 2017

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"| 2020

| Promoted directly from one-star to three-star.

valign=top

| {{sort name|Nancy S.|Lacore}}

| 1990 (NROTC)

| Director of the Maritime Partnership Program, U.S. Naval Forces Europe/Africa/U.S. 6th Fleet

Aviator

| style="text-align:center;"| 2018

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Shoshana S.|Chatfield}}

| 1988 (NROTC)

| President, Naval War College

Aviator

| style="text-align:center;"| 2015

| style="text-align:center;"| 2018

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Kathleen|Creighton}}

| 1988 (NROTC)

| Director of Warfare Integration

IP

| style="text-align:center;"| 2014

| style="text-align:center;"| 2018

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Yvette M.|Davids}}

| 1989 (USNA)

| Chief of Staff, United States Southern Command

SWO

| style="text-align:center;"| 2017

| style="text-align:center;"| 2020

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

|

valign=top

| {{sort name|Sara A.|Joyner}}

| 1989 (USNA)

| Chief of Legislative Affairs, United States Navy

Naval Aviator

| style="text-align:center;"| 2017

| style="text-align:center;"| 2021

| style="text-align:center;"| 2022

| style="text-align:center;"|

| style="text-align:center;"|

|

See also

References

{{commons category|Women in the United States Navy}}

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book |last=Godson |first=Susan H. |title=Serving Proudly: A History of Women in the U.S. Navy |year=2001 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, MD |isbn=1-55750-317-6 }}
  • {{cite book |last=Ebbert |first=Jean and Marie-Beth Hall|title=Crossed Currents: Navy Women in a Century of Change [Third Edition, Revised and Updated] |year=1999 |publisher=Brassey's |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-1-57488-193-6 }}
  • {{cite book |last=Ebbert |first=Jean and Marie-Beth Hall|title=The First, the Few, the Forgotten: Navy and Marine Corps Women in World War I |year=2002 |publisher=The Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, MD |isbn=1-55750-203-X }}
  • {{cite book |last=Sterner |first=Doris M. |title=In and Out of Harm's Way: A history of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps |year=1997 |publisher=Peanut Butter Publishing |location=Seattle, WA |isbn=0-89716-706-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/inoutofharmsway00dori }}
  • {{cite book |last=Hancock |first=Joy Bright Captain, U.S. Navy (Retired) |author-link=Joy Bright Hancock |title=Lady in the Navy: A Personal Reminiscence |year=1972 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=Annapolis, MD |isbn=0-87021-336-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/ladyinnavyperso00hanc }}
  • {{cite book |last1=Collins|first1=Winifred Quick Captain, U.S. Navy (Retired)|last2=Levine |first2=Herbert|author1-link=Winifred Quick Collins|title=More Than A Uniform: A Navy Woman in a Navy Man's World |year=1997 |publisher=University of North Texas Press |location=Denton, TX |isbn=1-57441-022-9}}
  • {{cite book |last=Holm |first= Jeanne Maj Gen, USAF (Ret)|author-link= Jeanne Holm|title=Women in the Military: An Unfinished Revolution [Revised Edition] |url=https://archive.org/details/womeninmilitary00jean |url-access=registration |year=1972 |publisher=Presidio Press |location=Novato, CA |isbn=0891414509 }}
  • {{cite book

| last = Zimmerman

| first = Jean

| author-link = Jean Zimmerman

| year = 1995

| title = Tailspin: Women at War in the Wake of Tailhook

| publisher = Doubleday

| location = New York

| isbn = 0-385-47789-9

| url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780385477895

}}

Bibliographies

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/19991006070429/http://www.au.af.mil/au/aul/bibs/women/womnav.htm Women in the Navy], a bibliography compiled in 1998 by Diana Simpson, Bibliographer, Air University Library, Maxwell AFB.
  • [https://archive.today/20121213003237/http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq48-2.htm Women in the U.S. Navy: Bibliography and Sources] from the Naval Historical Center.
  • [http://www.usna.edu/LibExhibits/Women_at_USNA/Bibliography_text.html 30 Years of Women at USNA], selected bibliography of resources available in the Naval Academy's Nimitz Library.
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080326010757/http://www.womensmemorial.org/H%26C/Resources/pdfs/bibliography.pdf Bibliography] on women in the military from the Women in Military Service for America (WIMSA) Memorial