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Woodland#Australia

{{Short description|Land covered in trees}}

{{Redirect|Wooded|the racehorse|Wooded (horse)}}

File:Woodland, Bogside - geograph.org.uk - 2215308.jpg, Scotland]]{{About|the type of forest|}}A woodland ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-woodland.ogg|ˈ|w|ʊ|d|l|ə|n|d}}) is, in the broad sense, land covered with woody plants (trees and shrubs),{{cite web |url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/woodland |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115212207/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/woodland |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 15, 2020 |title=Definition of Woodland |website=Lexico |language=en |access-date=2020-01-15}}{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/woodland |title=Woodland definition and meaning |website=Collins English Dictionary |language=en |access-date=2020-01-15}} or in a narrow sense, synonymous with wood (or in the U.S., the plurale tantum woods), a low-density forest forming open habitats with plenty of sunlight and limited shade (see differences between British, American and Australian English explained below). Some savannas may also be woodlands, such as savanna woodland, where trees and shrubs form a light canopy.Smith, Jeremy M.B.. "savanna". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Sep. 2016, https://www.britannica.com/science/savanna/Environment. Accessed 8 February 2023.

Woodlands may support an understory of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. Woodland may form a transition to shrubland under drier conditions or during early stages of primary or secondary succession. Higher-density areas of trees with a largely closed canopy that provides extensive and nearly continuous shade are often referred to as forests.

Extensive efforts by conservationist groups have been made to preserve woodlands from urbanization and agriculture. For example, the woodlands of Northwest Indiana have been preserved as part of the Indiana Dunes.{{cite journal |author1=Smith, S. |author2=Mark, S. |year=2006 |title=Alice Gray, Dorothy Buell, and Naomi Svihla: Preservationists of Ogden Dunes |journal=The South Shore Journal |volume=1

|url=http://www.southshorejournal.org/index.php/issues/volume-1-2006/78-journals/vol-1-2006/117-alice-gray-dorothy-buell-and-naomi-svihla-preservationists-of-ogden-dunes |access-date=2012-06-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913013557/http://www.southshorejournal.org/index.php/issues/volume-1-2006/78-journals/vol-1-2006/117-alice-gray-dorothy-buell-and-naomi-svihla-preservationists-of-ogden-dunes |archive-date=2012-09-13}}

{{cite journal |author1=Smith, S. |author2=Mark, S. |year=2009 |title=The Historical Roots of the Nature Conservancy in the Northwest Indiana/Chicagoland Region: From Science to Preservation |journal=The South Shore Journal |volume=3 |url=http://www.southshorejournal.org/index.php/issues/volume-3-2009/83-journals/vol-3-2009/75-the-historical-roots-of-the-nature-conservancy-in-the-northwest-indianachicagoland-region-from-science-to-preservation |access-date=2015-11-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101021140/http://www.southshorejournal.org/index.php/issues/volume-3-2009/83-journals/vol-3-2009/75-the-historical-roots-of-the-nature-conservancy-in-the-northwest-indianachicagoland-region-from-science-to-preservation |archive-date=2016-01-01}}{{cite journal |author1=Smith, S. |author2=Mark, S. |year=2007 |title=The cultural impact of a museum in a small community: The Hour Glass of Ogden Dunes |journal=The South Shore Journal |volume=2 |url=http://www.southshorejournal.org/index.php/issues/volume-2-2007/82-journals/vol-2-2007/104-the-cultural-impact-of-a-museum-in-a-small-community-the-hour-glass-in-ogden-dunes |access-date=2012-06-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130085605/http://www.southshorejournal.org/index.php/issues/volume-2-2007/82-journals/vol-2-2007/104-the-cultural-impact-of-a-museum-in-a-small-community-the-hour-glass-in-ogden-dunes |archive-date=2012-11-30}}

Definitions

===United Kingdom===

Woodland is used in British woodland management to mean tree-covered areas which arose naturally and which are then managed. At the same time, forest is usually used in the British Isles to describe plantations, usually more extensive, or hunting Forests, which are a land use with a legal definition and may not be wooded at all. The term ancient woodland is used in British nature conservation to refer to any wooded land that has existed since 1600, and often (though not always) for thousands of years, since the last Ice Age{{cite book|last=Rackham|first=Oliver|author-link = Oliver Rackham|title=Woodlands (New Naturalist 100)| date= 2006| publisher= HarperCollins| location= London| isbn= 9780007202447}} (equivalent to the American term old-growth forest)

=North America=

Woodlot is a closely related term in American forest management, which refers to a stand of trees generally used for firewood. While woodlots often technically have closed canopies, they are so small that light penetration from the edge makes them ecologically closer to woodland than forest. North American forests vary widely in their ecology and are greatly dependent on abiotic factors such as climate and elevation. Much of the old-growth deciduous and pine-dominated forests of the eastern United States was harvested for lumber, paper pulp, telephone poles, creosote, pitch, and tar.

=Australia=

In Australia, a woodland is defined as an area with a sparse (10–30%) cover of trees, and an open woodland has a very sparse (<10%) cover. Woodlands are also subdivided into tall woodlands or low woodlands if their trees are over {{cvt|30|m}} or under {{cvt|10|m}} high, respectively. This contrasts with forests, which have more than 30% of their area covered by trees.{{cite web | url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/aust-veg/veg-map.html | title=A simplified look at Australia's vegetation | work=Information about Australia's Flora: The Australian Environment | publisher= Australian National Botanic Gardens and Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research | location= Canberra | date=24 December 2015 | access-date=15 February 2017}}

Woodland ecoregions

{{Main|Ecoregions}}

=Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrub lands=

{{Main|Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands}}

File:Nyika miombo.jpg]]

=Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands=

File:Cumberland Plains Woodlands, Prestons - 2.jpg woodland in western Sydney.]]

File:Open Woodland in Illinois United States.jpg

{{Main|Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands}}

=Montane grasslands and shrublands=

{{Main|Montane grasslands and shrublands}}

File:Limber pine woodland.jpg woodland in the Toiyabe Range of central Nevada]]

=Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub=

{{Main|Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub}}

File:MAL Mallee 1 Clyde Hill NR III-2011.jpg woodland with eucalyptuses and melaleucas in Esperance, Western Australia]]

File:Lebanon cedar forest.jpg woodland in Bsharri, Lebanon]]

=Deserts and xeric shrublands=

{{Main|Deserts and xeric shrublands}}

File:Sahel forest near Kayes Mali.jpg woodland in Mali]]

See also

{{Portal|Trees}}

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References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • {{Commons category-inline|Woodlands}}
  • [http://www.woodland-trust.org.uk/ The UK Woodland Trust]
  • [http://www.woodlandbond.co.uk/ Woodland Bond] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806183602/http://www.woodlandbond.co.uk/ |date=2013-08-06 }}

{{Vegetation}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Forests

Category:Habitats