World Constitutional Convention

File:Albert Einstein Head.jpg, 1947 (aged 68)]]

{{Redirect|Peoples' World Convention|Peoples World Parliament|Peoples World Parliament}}

Albert Einstein grew increasingly convinced that the world was veering off course. He arrived at the conclusion that the gravity of the situation demanded more profound actions and the establishment of a "world government" was the only logical solution.{{Cite journal |last=Feld |first=Bernard T. |date= March 1979|orig-date=1979-03 |title=Einstein and the politics of nuclear weapons |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7goAAAAAMBAJ |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=11–15 |doi=10.1080/00963402.1979.11458591 |bibcode=1979BuAtS..35c...5F |access-date=2023-08-24 |via=Google Books|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite web |title=A policy for survival: A Statement by the Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists |url=https://thebulletin.org/archive/a-policy-for-survival-a-statement-by-the-emergency-committee-of-atomic-scientists/ |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |language=en-US}} In his "Open Letter to the General Assembly of the United Nations" of October 1947, Einstein emphasized the urgent need for international cooperation and the establishment of a world government.{{Cite book |last1=Einstein |first1=Albert |url=http://archive.org/details/einsteinonpeace00eins |title=Einstein on peace |last2=Nathan |first2=Otto |last3=Norden |first3=Heinz |date=1968 |publisher=New York, Schocken Books |others=Internet Archive |pages=440–443}} In the year 1948, Einstein invited United World Federalists, Inc. (UWF) president Cord Meyer to a meeting of ECAS{{Cite web |year=1948 |title=LIFE – Hosted by Google |url=https://images.google.com/hosted/life/5995548573839d10.html |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=images.google.com}}{{Cite web |year=1948 |title=LIFE – Hosted by Google |url=https://images.google.com/hosted/life/9bf19f221511e092.html |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=images.google.com}} and joined UWF as a member of the advisory board.{{Cite book |last1=Einstein |first1=Albert |url=http://archive.org/details/einsteinonpeace00eins |title=Einstein on peace |last2=Nathan |first2=Otto |last3=Norden |first3=Heinz |date=1968 |publisher=New York, Schocken Books |others=Internet Archive |pages=405}}{{Cite book |last=Meyer |first=Cord |url=http://archive.org/details/facingrealityfro00meye |title=Facing reality : from world federalism to the CIA |date=1980 |publisher=New York : Harper & Row |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-06-013032-9 |page=47}} Einstein and ECAS assisted UWF in fundraising and provided supporting material.{{Citation |title=Meares, L.M., August 9, 1947. |url=https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/omeka/items/show/21071 |access-date=2023-08-24}}{{Citation |title=Kirstein, William A., July 11, 1947. |url=https://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/omeka/items/show/27971 |access-date=2023-08-24}} Einstein described United World Federalists as: "the group nearest to our aspirations".{{Cite book |last1=Einstein |first1=Albert |url=http://archive.org/details/einsteinonpeace00eins |title=Einstein on peace |last2=Nathan |first2=Otto |last3=Norden |first3=Heinz |date=1968 |publisher=New York, Schocken Books |others=Internet Archive |page=558}} Einstein and other prominent figures such as Gerhard Domagk, Robert Hutchins, Kerstin Hesselgren, John Steinbeck, William Beveridge, Hu Shih, Albert Camus, Toyohiko Kagawa, Yehudi Menuhin, Jacques Maritain, John Boyd Orr, Thomas Mann, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Roberto Rossellini and Hans Thirring sponsored the Peoples' World Convention (PWC) also known as Peoples' World Constituent Assembly (PWCA), which took place in 1950–51{{Cite book |last1=Einstein |first1=Albert |url=http://archive.org/details/einsteinonpeace00eins |title=Einstein on peace |last2=Nathan |first2=Otto |last3=Norden |first3=Heinz |date=1968 |publisher=New York, Schocken Books |others=Internet Archive |pages=539, 670, 676}}{{Cite web |title=[Carta] 1950 oct. 12, Genève, [Suiza] [a] Gabriela Mistral, Santiago, Chile [manuscrito] Gerry Kraus. |url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/bnd/623/w3-article-137193.html |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=BND: Archivo del Escritor}} and later continued in the form of world constituent assemblies in 1968, 1977, 1978–79, and 1991.{{Cite book |last=PANDIT |first=M. P. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20544 |title=WORLD UNION (JANUARY-DECEMBER) 1979 |date=1979 |publisher=WORLD UNION INTERNATIONAL, INDIA |pages=107}} 500 people from 45 countries attended the Peoples' World Convention (PWC) at Palais Electoral, Geneva, Switzerland from December 30, 1950, to January 5, 1951.{{Cite news |title=They Hope To Unite These Lands |page=1 |work=The Nashville Tennessean |publication-date=1950-11-26}}

{{Main|Thane Read|World Constitution Coordinating Committee}}

File:William_Thane_Read.jpg in 1962|305x305px]]

In 1958, Thane Read, an independent U.S. economist, decided to consider a means to foster global cooperation and peace through the establishment of a democratic federal world government.{{Cite web |title=Letter from World Constitution Coordinating Committee to Helen, enclosing current materials |url=https://www.afb.org/HelenKellerArchive?a=d&d=A-HK01-07-B154-F05-028.1.3 |access-date=2023-07-03 |work=Helen Keller Archive |publisher=American Foundation for the Blind |via=afb.org}}{{primary source inline|date=February 2024}} He initiated the "Call to all nations," an appeal signed by individuals from around the world, urging countries to send delegates to Geneva for a World Constitutional Convention. The primary objective of this convention was to draft a constitution that would pave the way for a representative parliament representing all of humanity.{{Cite web |title=Letters from Thane Read asking Helen Keller to sign the World Constitution for world peace. 1961 |url=https://www.afb.org/HelenKellerArchive?a=d&d=A-HK01-07-B149-F04-022.1.1 |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Helen Keller Archive |publisher=American Foundation for the Blind |via=afb.org}}{{Cite web |title=Letters from Thane Read asking Helen Keller to sign the World Constitution for world peace. 1961 |url=https://www.afb.org/HelenKellerArchive?a=d&d=A-HK01-07-B149-F04-022.1.6 |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Helen Keller Archive |publisher=American Foundation for the Blind |via=afb.org}}

Joining Read in his mission were Janet Frenzel, Lloyd D. Oxley, Evelyn Martin, and Morikatsu Inagaki, who collectively established an office in Phoenix, Arizona, US, as the World Constitution Coordinating Committee, to garner support for the proposed World Constitutional Convention.{{Cite web |date=1962-06-14 |title=Arizona Sun, 1962-06-14 {{!}} Arizona Memory Project |url=https://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/nodes/view/118585 |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=Arizona Memory Project}} The committee engaged in extensive communication efforts with governments, religious institutions, educational societies, political parties, labor unions, and various organizations capable of effecting change, seeking their collaboration in advocating for the convention. The appeal received overwhelming support from prominent individuals across diverse fields and countries. Nobel laureates, including Albert Szent-Györgyi, Linus Pauling, and Bertrand Russell, endorsed the Call, alongside eminent leaders like Martin Luther King Jr., President of Pakistan Muhammad Ayub Khan, and President of Costa Rica Francisco J. Orlich and many more.{{Cite book |last=King |first=Martin Luther |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KwglDQAAQBAJ&dq=%22World+Constitution+Coordinating+Committee%22&pg=PA709 |title=The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., Volume VII: To Save the Soul of America, January 1961 August 1962 |date=2014-10-01 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-28269-8 |language=en}}{{Cite news |date=1962-06-07 |title=Pakistan Announces Delegates Named |page=5 |work=Arizona Sun |url=https://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/nodes/view/118619#idx499239}} This widespread support set the stage for the World Constitutional Convention and the Peoples World Parliament, held in Interlaken, Switzerland, and Wolfach, Germany, in 1968. Attended by over 200 participants from 27 countries, these sessions marked the beginning of drafting a world constitution for a global federal government, ultimately leading to the development of the Constitution for the Federation of Earth.{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Global Strategies & Solutions : Preparing earth constitution |url=http://encyclopedia.uia.org/en/strategy/193465 |url-status= |access-date=2023-07-15 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of World Problems |publisher=Union of International Associations |via=uia.org}}

{{Main|World Constitution and Parliament Association}}

As the call for a World Constitutional Convention gained momentum, an U.S. Committee for a World Constitutional Convention was formed in 1958{{Cite journal |last=Nash |first=Vernon |date=1960-08-01 |title=The League of Nations: Another "Rope of Sand" |url=https://online.ucpress.edu/currenthistory/article/39/228/82/165278/The-League-of-NationsAnother-Rope-of-Sand |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=Current History {{!}} University of California Press |volume=39 |issue=228 |publisher=University of California Press |pages=82–86 |doi=10.1525/curh.1960.39.228.82|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite web |date= |orig-date=1959-07-09 |title=The Aspen Times (weekly) July 9, 1959 — Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection |url=https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=ATW19590709.2.6&srpos=1&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7CtxCO%7CtxTA-%22world+constitutional%22-------2------ |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org |publisher=The Aspen Times |page=1}} later renamed as World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention (WCWCC) in 1959 with Philip Isely as Secretary. With established headquarters in Denver, Colorado in 1961, World Committee also issued calls to support the World Constitution Coordinating Committee (WCCC) and later played a significant roles in development of the world constitution.{{Cite web |title=archives.nypl.org – World Committee for a World Constitution Convention records |url=https://archives.nypl.org/mss/18268 |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=The New York Public Library}} In 1966, World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention (WCWCC) was again renamed as World Constitution and Parliament Association (WCPA).{{Cite web |title=World Constitution and Parliament Association {{!}} UIA Yearbook Profile {{!}} Union of International Associations |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100023346 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=uia.org}}

A consultative council for the World Constitutional Convention was also established in 1967, whose task was to engage in research and provide advice on specific topics connected with the drafting and ratification of the World Constitution.{{Cite web |title=Brief von World Constitutional Convention (Habicht, Max) an Thirring, Hans (Interlaken, 1968-06-06) |url=https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/detail/o:132876}} Max Habicht was the organizing chairman of the consultative council. Later, in late 1972, Consultative Council to the World Constitutional Convention (CCWCC) was succeeded by World Federal Authority Committee (WFAC).{{Cite web |title=Consultative Council to the World Constitutional Convention {{!}} UIA Yearbook Profile {{!}} Union of International Associations |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100056314 |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=uia.org}}{{Cite web |title=World Federal Authority Committee {{!}} UIA Yearbook Profile {{!}} Union of International Associations |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100040534 |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=uia.org}}

File:DenverSheraton-Tower-15.JPG, Colorado, venue of the First Preparatory Congress]]

In 1963, the first Preparatory Congress took place at the Denver Hilton Hotel in Denver, Colorado, US, from September 3 to 8.{{Cite web |date=1963-08-23 |title=The Aspen Times (weekly) August 23, 1963 — Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection |url=https://www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=ATW19630823.2.64&srpos=2&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN%7CtxCO%7CtxTA-%22world+constitutional%22-------2------ |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org |publisher=The Aspen Times |page=14}} World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention (WCWCC) was the organizer of the congress with Victor W. Haflich, then Member of the State Legislature, Kansas, President; Dr. Neal Bishop, Vice President; Professor Agnes B.Hatfield, Secretary; T. E. Robertson Jr., Treasurer and Philip Isely as executive director of committee.{{Cite web |title=First Preparatory Congress for the World Constitutional Convention |url=https://www.nypl.org/research/research-catalog/subject_headings/024e3bd9-a511-448c-ac82-e5b4328e72e4 |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=New York Public Library}} There were 126 participants from 15 countries.{{Cite book |last=Amerasinghe |first=Terence P. |title=Emerging World Law, Volume 1 |publisher=Institute for Economic Democracy |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-933567-16-7 |pages=50 |language=en}} World Parliament Association (WPA) delegation, Josué de Castro, Mary Tibaldi Chiesa and Janet Hartog from Europe also attended.{{Cite web |title=University of Sussex Library Special Collections: World Parliament Association Archive |url=https://www.sussex.ac.uk/library/speccoll/collection_catalogues/wpa.html#3.3 |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=www.sussex.ac.uk}} Meeting was chaired by Josue de Castro, who was the Ambassador of Brazil in Geneva, Switzerland at the time, he was elected as President of World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention (WCWCC) along with Philip Isely as Secretary General.

During this congress, a call was issued to define the basic terms for the upcoming Convention and to invite people and governments from all nations to send delegates. This initial gathering laid the groundwork for the formal proceedings of the convention and generated widespread interest in the prospect of creating a democratic federal World Government. Till that time World Constitutional Convention call had signatories numbering 1000 from 55 countries.

In 1965, the second Preparatory Congress or Milan Congress was convened with the co-operation of Mary Tibaldi Chiesa in Milan, Italy.{{Cite book |last=Associations |first=Union of International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=prcE3ys1rsUC |title=Yearbook of International Organizations 2013–2014 (Volumes 1A-1B): Organization Descriptions and Cross-References |date=2013-06-21 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-25513-5 |pages=2728 |language=en}} During this congress, specific terms and guidelines were established to commence the World Constitutional Convention and Peoples World Parliament. The delegates present at Milan debated whether delegates from national governments alone or delegates representing the peoples of the world should have the upper hand at the World Constituent Convention or Assembly. A decision to hold Peoples World Parliaments concurrently with preparatory congresses of delegates from national governments was made.{{Cite book |last=Amerasinghe |first=Terence P. |title=Emerging World Law, Volume 1 |publisher=Institute for Economic Democracy |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-933567-16-7 |pages=51 |language=en}}

In 1966, the third Preparatory Congress or Geneva Congress was held in Geneva, Switzerland. This congress played a crucial role in setting the stage for the World Constitutional Convention to be held in the subsequent year. Delegates at the Geneva congress finalized the terms and conditions for commencing the Convention and Parliament at Interlaken and Wolfach in 1968.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NpdWAAAAYAAJ |title=Peace Research Reviews |date=1967 |publisher=Canadian Peace Research Institute |pages=15–16 |language=en}}

{{multiple image

| align = right

| direction = vertical

| width = 200

| header = Venues of the Main Sessions of the World Constitutional Convention and the Peoples World Parliament

| image1 = Interlaken Kursaal 03.jpg

| caption1 = Theater Hall of Congress Kursaal, Interlaken, Switzerland

| alt1 = Theater Hall of Congress Kursaal, Interlaken, Switzerland

| image2 = City Hall, Wolfach.jpg

| caption2 = City Hall of Wolfach, Germany

| alt2 = City Hall of Wolfach, Germany

}}

{{Redirect|Peoples World Parliament|legislative institution|Parliament}}

Three Preparatory Congresses collectively served as foundational steps in garnering support, defining objectives, and formulating a comprehensive plan for the World Constitutional Convention. In 1968, 200 delegates{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ThZSAAAAIBAJ |title=The Press-Courier |date=1968-09-03 |publisher=The Press-Courier |page=3(5) |language=en}} representing 27 countries from five continents met for the World Constitutional Convention and Peoples World Parliament at the Theatre Hall of the Congress Kursaal in Interlaken, Switzerland, on August 27, 1968, to draft a constitution for a federal world government.{{Cite web |date=1968-08-30 |title=Bieler Tagblatt 30. August 1968 — e-newspaperarchives.ch |url=http://www.e-newspaperarchives.ch/?a=d&d=BTB19680830-01.2.49.3 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=www.e-newspaperarchives.ch |language=de}} The event commenced on August 27, and on September 2, 1968, sessions moved to Wolfach, Germany, where it concluded on September 12, 1968.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1S41AAAAIAAJ |title=World Union |date=1978 |publisher=World Union |language=en}}

The largest delegations to the Convention and Peoples Parliament comprised representatives from the United States of America,{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YopGAAAAIBAJ |title=The Evening News |date=1968-08-06 |publisher=The Evening News |page=8 |language=en}} France, India, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and West Germany. Additionally, participants from Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Canada, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Colombia, Finland, Ghana, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Senegal, and Thailand were in attendance.{{Cite book |last=Amerasinghe |first=Terence P. |title=Emerging World Law, Volume 1 |publisher=Institute for Economic Democracy |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-933567-16-7 |pages=54 |language=en}} Delegates from Czechoslovakia and Eastern Europe were unable to partake in the event as soviet Troops suddenly invaded Czechoslovakia. Among the delegates, notable figures such as Abbe Piere, Althya Youngman, Ahmed Jaffer, Elisabeth Mann Borgese, Gonzalo Fernós López,{{Cite book |last=Resources |first=United States Congress House Committee on |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TSBfD0ROPLcC |title=United States-Puerto Rico Political Status Act: Field Hearing Before the Committee on Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, on H.R. 856 ... Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, April 21, 1997 |date=1997 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |isbn=978-0-16-055602-9 |pages=241 |language=en}} Henri Huber, Kurt Bortner, Martin Niemoller, Max Habicht,{{Cite book |last=Habicht |first=Max |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zypFAQAAIAAJ |title=The Abolition of War: Autobiographical Notes of a World Federalist and a Selection of His Collected Papers on Peace and World Federalism |date=1987 |publisher=Club Humaniste |language=en}} Onkar Nath, Oskar Jedzini, Philip Isely, R.K. Nehru, Theo Pontzen and Chief W. J. Falaiye, to name a few, were present.

In Wolfach, Germany, a commission was established to draft a democratic federal world constitution, under the chairmanship of Philip Isely. Isely's commission prepared the "Declaration of Wolfach".{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i3UdAQAAMAAJ |title=War Resistance |date=1971 |publisher=War Resisters' International. |volume=2 |page=13 |language=en |issue=36–39}}

{{Redirect|Emergency Council of World Trustees|Climate emergency declaration|Climate emergency declaration}}

The renamed World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention (WCWCC), World Constitution and Parliament Association (WCPA) organized an Emergency Council of World Trustees (ECWT) during 1969 and 1971.{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5tfP1kRmQoC |title=Ethical Arguments for Analysis |date=1979 |publisher=Holt, Rinehart and Winston |isbn=978-0-03-045011-2 |pages=214 |language=en}} Philip Isely, secretary of E.C.W.T., in consultation with Thane Read and Lloyd Oxley draw a 'Proposal for Immediate Action' which was adopted in 1971. From December 28, 1971, to January 2, 1972, the Emergency Council convened in Santa Barbara, California, US.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9RWAAAAMAAJ |title=Ramparts |date=1971 |publisher=Noah's Ark, Incorporated |pages=11 |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Associations |first=Union of International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ekXmPJ_1WfYC |title=Yearbook of International Organizations |publisher=Union of International Associations |year=1981 |isbn=978-3-598-21860-6 |pages=1599 |language=en}} The Emergency Council issued several decrees:

• First Decree for the Protection of Life: outlawing of nuclear and biochemical weapons and other weapons of mass destruction.{{Cite book |last=Shifferd |first=Kent D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVmLBTsBxH0C&pg=PA137 |title=From War to Peace: A Guide to the Next Hundred Years |date=2014-01-10 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-8523-9 |pages=137 |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2015-06-15 |title=Amplifier v. 17, no. 6; (1972, Mar. 3) by Montana Tech Library - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/mtechlibrary/docs/amp_v.17__no.6 |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=issuu.com |page=4 |language=en}}
• Second Decree: assist in convening a peoples world parliament
• Third Decree: to prepare a draft of a Constitution for the Federation of Earth
• Fourth Decree: to appoint and activate planetary legislative commissions on several major problems for the purpose of preparing global legislative measures to have ready for submission to the parliament when it convenes.

The Council terminated deliberations on January 2, 1972, with covering other possible actions covering environmental problems, pressing social and economical issues.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7CrxAAAAMAAJ |title=Green Revolution |date=1972 |publisher=School of Living. |pages=12 |language=en}}

At Santa Barbara, a multitude of dedicated delegates from more than 25 countries gathered, and among them were prominent individuals from India, such as R. K. Nehru, former Secretary-General of the Ministry of External Affairs of India; Godey Murahari, who later became the Speaker of the Rajya Sabha; D. H. Spencer, a renowned constitutional lawyer; and Dr. T. P. Amerasinghe, a Barrister-at-Law from Sri Lanka. Other notable delegates included Reinhart Ruge from Mexico, Dr. Lucile Green from California, US, Mrs. Helen Tucker from Canada, Thane Read from Arizona, US, Archie Casely-Hayford from Ghana, Hon. Syed Mohamed Husain later Judge of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, Dr. Charles Mercieca from Malta and the US, and Jorgen Laursen Vig from Denmark.{{Cite book |last=Amerasinghe |first=Terence P. |title=Emerging World Law, Volume 1 |publisher=Institute for Economic Democracy |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-933567-16-7 |pages=55 |language=en}} Together, a total of 229 representatives from 54 countries joined forces to sign "The First Decree for the Protection of Life".{{Cite book |last=Universal |first=Renaissance |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_IcAQAAMAAJ |title=The Renaissance Universal Journal |date=1977 |publisher=Renaissance Universal |pages=47 |language=en}}

As in 1968, the World Constitutional Convention and Peoples World Parliament held sessions in Interlaken and Wolfach initiating the task of formulating a constitution. The drafting commission, consisting of D. M. Spencer, an esteemed Constitutional Lawyer and Professor from Sydenham College, Bombay, Hon. Syed Mohammed Husain, an Advocate who later became a Judge of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, Dr. T. P. Amerasinghe, a Barrister-at-Law and Advocate of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka, and Philip Isely, the Secretary General of WCPA, joined forces to work on the constitution during January and February 1972. Their efforts were based on Philip Isely's 19-page outline of the draft.{{Cite book |last=Amerasinghe |first=Terence P. |title=Emerging World Law, Volume 1 |publisher=Institute for Economic Democracy |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-933567-16-7 |pages=56 |language=en}}

In November 1974, the initial draft titled "A Constitution for the Federation of Earth" was ultimately finished, published and circulated globally by WCPA for assessment, along with the Call to the second session in 1977.{{Cite book |last=Isely |first=Philip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8SA0GQAACAAJ |title=A Constitution for the Federation of Earth: Preliminary Draft |date=1974 |publisher=World Constitution and Parliament Association |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=Office |first=Library of Congress Copyright |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z0whAQAAIAAJ |title=Catalog of Copyright Entries. Third Series: 1975: January–June |date=1976 |publisher=Copyright Office, Library of Congress |pages=1640 |language=en}}

During 1974 and 1975, the WCPA received feedback and comments on the first draft. In 1976, the drafting commission reconvened and finalized a second draft, which was then circulated world-wide for by the WCPA.

{{Infobox event

| title = Second World Constituent Assembly

| image = Congress-Innsbruck-Eingang.jpg

| image_alt = Kongresshaus, Innsbruck, Austria

| caption = Kongresshaus, Innsbruck, Austria, venue of the Second World Constituent Assembly

| date = {{start and end dates|1977|06|16|1977|06|29}}

| venue = Kongresshaus, Innsbruck

| participants = 138

| outcome = Constitution for the Federation of Earth, Provisional World Government

}}

The second session of the World Constituent Assembly took place in Innsbruck, Austria,{{Cite book |last1=Falk |first1=Richard A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8e3ULdjhoAC |title=The Constitutional Foundations of World Peace |last2=Johansen |first2=Robert C. |last3=Kim |first3=Samuel S. |last4=Kim |first4=Teacher of Korean Foreign Relations and Korean Politics Department of Political Science Associate Director of the Center for Korean Research East Asia Institute Samuel S. |date=1993-01-01 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-1343-2 |pages=155 |language=en}} from June 16 to June 29, 1977, at Kongresshaus.{{Cite journal |last=Yunker |first=James A. |date=2000 |title=Rethinking World Government: A New Approach |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20753240 |journal=International Journal on World Peace |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=3–33 |jstor=20753240 |issn=0742-3640}} The assembly was a significant milestone in the pursuit of global governance, as it convened to deliberate and adopt the Constitution for the Federation of Earth.{{Cite book |url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1679/1/lsd_06_04_07-04-1978.pdf |title=Lok Sabha Debates |date=1978-04-07 |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |volume=XIII |location=New Delhi |publication-place=New Delhi |pages=393–408 |chapter=Constitution (Amendment) Bill (Amendment of article 51) }} Attended by 138 delegates from 25 countries across six continents, the event marked an unprecedented gathering of international representatives.

During the assembly, the drafting commission presented the proposed 'Constitution for the Federation of Earth', which was then examined clause by clause. The participating delegates engaged in extensive debates, offering amendments and contributing to the refinement of the document. Notable figures leading the discussions included the Indian delegation leader, A. B. Patel, former member of the Kenyan legislature, Dr. S. Kaiser from Netherlands, Dr. Carmel Kussman, New York, Mrs. Mia Lord, London, U.K., Dr. Helen Tucker, Canada, Dr. Hanna Newcombe, Canada, Kenneth Komo, Botswana, Foster Parmalee, U.S.A., Margaret Isely, U.S.A., Dr. Ahmed Subandjo, Indonesia and many more.

The Assembly unanimously adopted the draft constitution on 27 June 1977, signifying a momentous step forward for humanity's quest for a global governance framework.{{Cite book |last=Isely |first=Philip |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8iA0GQAACAAJ |title=A Constitution for the Federation of Earth |date=1977 |publisher=World Constitution and Parliament Association |language=en}}{{Cite book |last=PANDIT |first=M. P. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.20553 |title=WORLD UNION (JANUARY-DECEMBER) 1981 |date=1981 |publisher=WORLD UNION INTERNATIONAL, INDIA}} Dr. A. B. Patel described the occasion "as the day of a new age" and called for all those present to come up to the stage and affix their signatures to the Constitution.

Following the assembly's success, a call for ratification was issued, urging nations and peoples of Earth to endorse the constitution. The WCPA proactively sent copies of the constitution to the United Nations,{{Cite web |title=Miscellaneous Organizations G,H, & I - UNARMS |url=https://search.archives.un.org/s-1096-0345-03-00008 |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=search.archives.un.org}} Members of the General Assembly, and national Governments, requesting their support and cooperation in the ratification process.{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-woAAAAAMBAJ |title=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |publisher=Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc. |year=1978 |pages=56 |language=en}}

The call requested:

(a) people of Earth to ratify the Constitution by direct referendum and by an initiative petition followed by election of delegates to the 'House of Peoples';

(b) the national governments and legislatures of the world to ratify the Constitution and elect delegates to the 'House of Nations'; and

(c) the universities, Colleges, Churches, Scientific Academies and Institutes to ratify the Constitution and nominate delegates with a world view as candidates for election to the 'House of Councillors'.{{Cite book |last=Amerasinghe |first=Terence P. |title=Emerging World Law, Volume 1 |publisher=Institute for Economic Democracy |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-933567-16-7 |pages=57 |language=en}}

Since the Second World Constituent Assembly of 1977, the 'Constitution for the Federation of Earth' has undergone further amendments through two additional sessions of the World Constituent Assemblies in 1978-79 and 1991.{{Cite web |date=1989-01-11 |title=The Guardian from London, Greater London, England |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259851426/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=Newspapers.com |language=en}}

Furthermore, a Provisional World Government with a Provisional World Parliament has been established, holding fifteen sessions of the parliament since 1982, with the last one taking place in 2021.{{Cite web |title=Provisional World Parliament {{!}} UIA Yearbook Profile {{!}} Union of International Associations |url=https://uia.org/s/or/en/1100012539 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=uia.org}}

As of 2023, the developed constitution has been personally ratified by many individuals worldwide,{{Cite book |last=Amerasinghe |first=Terence P. |title=Emerging World Law, Volume 1 |publisher=Institute for Economic Democracy |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-933567-16-7 |pages=229–243 |language=en}} but has not received ratification from any country.{{Cite news |date=2001-12-28 |title=Constitution for 'federation of the world' okayed |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/constitution-for-federation-of-the-world-okayed/articleshow/1322316959.cms |access-date=2023-09-02 |issn=0971-8257}}

• World Constitution Coordinating Committee
• World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention
• Constitution for the Federation of Earth
• Provisional World Parliament
• World government
• List of constituent assemblies
• Constituent assembly
• Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists

{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{World Constitutional Convention call signatories}}

Category:1968 conferences

Category:International law

Category:Constitutional conventions (political meeting)

Category:Constitutions

Category:Globalization

Category:August 1968 in Europe

Category:September 1968 in Europe

Category:1960s political conferences