Wright R-1820 Cyclone

The R-1820 Cyclone 9 represented a further development of the Wright P-2 engine dating back to 1925. Featuring a greater displacement and a host of improvements, the R-1820 entered production in 1931. The engine remained in production well into the 1950s.

The R-1820 was built under license by Lycoming, Pratt & Whitney Canada, and also, during World War II, by the Studebaker Corporation. The Soviet Union had purchased a license for the design, and the Shvetsov OKB was formed to metricate the American specification powerplant for Soviet government-factory production as the M-25, with the R-1820's general design features used by the Shvetsov design bureau for many of their future radials for the Soviet air forces through the 1940s and onwards. In Spain the R-1820 was license-built as the Hispano-Suiza 9V or Hispano-Wright 9V.Lage(2004) pp. 157-162

The R-1820 was at the heart of many famous aircraft including early Douglas airliners (the prototype DC-1, the DC-2, the first civil versions of the DC-3, and the limited-production DC-5), every wartime example of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress and Douglas SBD Dauntless bombers, the early versions of the Polikarpov I-16 fighter (as the M-25), and the Piasecki H-21 helicopter.

The R-1820 also found limited use in armored vehicles. The G-200 variant developed {{convert|900|hp|kW|lk=on|abbr=on}} at 2,300 rpm and powered the strictly experimental M6 Heavy Tank.

The Wright R-1820 was converted to a diesel during World War II by Caterpillar Inc. as the D-200 and produced {{convert|450|hp|kW|abbr=on}} at 2,000 rpm in the M4A6 Sherman.{{sfn|Conners|2013}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

;R-1820-04

:{{convert|700|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-1

:{{convert|575|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-4

:{{convert|770|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-19

:{{convert|675|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-21

:{{convert|690|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-22

:{{convert|950|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-25

:{{convert|675|hp|abbr=on}}, {{convert|750|hp|abbr=on}}, {{convert|775|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-32

:{{convert|1000|hp|abbr=on}}

;XR-1820-32

:{{convert|800|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-33

:{{convert|775|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-34

:{{convert|940|hp|abbr=on}}, {{convert|950|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-34A

:{{convert|1200|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-40/42

:{{convert|1100|hp|abbr=on}}, {{convert|1200|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-41

:{{convert|850|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-45

:{{convert|800|hp|abbr=on}}, {{convert|930|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-49

:{{convert|975|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-50

:{{convert|850|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-52

:{{convert|1000|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-53

:{{convert|930|hp|abbr=on}}, {{convert|1000|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-56

:{{convert|1200|hp|abbr=on}}, {{convert|1350|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-57

:1,060 hp (790 kW)

;R-1820-60

:{{convert|1200|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-62

:{{convert|1350|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-66

:1,200 hp (895 kW), 1,350 hp (1,007 kW)

;R-1820-67/69

:{{convert|1200|hp|abbr=on}}, fitted with turbosupercharger

;R-1820-72W

:{{convert|1350|hp|abbr=on}}, {{convert|1425|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-74W

:{{convert|1500|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-76A,B,C,D

:{{convert|1425|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-77

:{{convert|1200|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-78

:700 hp (522 kW), {{convert|1100|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-80

:{{convert|700|hp|abbr=on}}, {{convert|1535|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-82WA

:{{convert|1525|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-84

:{{convert|1525|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-86

:{{convert|1425|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-97

:{{convert|1200|hp|abbr=on}}, fitted with turbosupercharger

;R-1820-103

:{{convert|1425|hp|abbr=on}}

;SGR-1820-F3

:{{convert|710|hp|abbr=on}}, {{convert|720|hp|abbr=on}}

;SGR-1820-F2

:{{convert|720|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-F53

:{{convert|770|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-F56

:{{convert|790|hp|abbr=on}}

;GR-1820-G2

:{{convert|1000|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-G3

:{{convert|840|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-G5

:{{convert|950|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-G101

:{{convert|1100|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-G102

:{{convert|775|hp|abbr=on}}

;GR-1820-G102A

:{{convert|1100|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-G102A

:{{convert|1100|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-G102A

:{{convert|1100|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-G202A

:{{convert|1200|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-G103

:{{convert|1000|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-G105

:{{convert|1000|hp|abbr=on}}

;R-1820-G205A

:{{convert|1200|hp|abbr=on}}

}}

Notes: Unit numbers ending with W indicate engine variants fitted with water-methanol emergency power boost systems.

The Hispano-Suiza 9V is a licence-built version of the R-1820.{{cite book|last=Hartmann|first=Gustave|title=Hispano-Suiza, Les moteurs de tous les Records.pdf|language=fr}}

;Hispano-Suiza 9Vr:9V with reduction gear

;Hispano-Suiza 9Vb:

;Hispano-Suiza 9Vbr:variant of the 9Vb with reduction gear

;Hispano-Suiza 9Vbrs:variant of the 9Vb with reduction gear and supercharger

;Hispano-Suiza 9Vbs:variant of the 9Vb with supercharger

;Hispano-Suiza 9Vd:variant of the 9V

;Hispano-Suiza 9V-10:{{convert|575|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} driving fixed-pitch propeller

;Hispano-Suiza 9V-11:as -10 but RH rotation

;Hispano-Suiza 9V-16:{{convert|650|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}} driving variable-pitch propeller, LH rotation

;Hispano-Suiza 9V-17:as -16 but RH rotation

{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|

• Bloch MB.221
• Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
• Boeing 307 Stratoliner
• Brewster F2A Buffalo
• Curtiss AT-32-A Condor
• Curtiss SBC-4 Helldiver
• Curtiss P-36 Mohawk
• Curtiss SC Seahawk
• Curtiss-Wright CW-21
• Douglas A-33
• Douglas B-18 Bolo
• Douglas DC-2
• Douglas DC-3 (DST, G-102 and G-202)
• Douglas R4D-8/C-117D
• Douglas DC-5
• Douglas DF Wright SGR-1820G-2
• Douglas SBD Dauntless
• FMA AeMB.2 Bombi
• General Motors FM-2 Wildcat
• Grumman TF-1 / C-1 Trader
• Grumman E-1 Tracer
• Grumman FF
• Grumman F3F
• Grumman XF5F Skyrocket
• Grumman XP-50
• Grumman HU-16 Albatross
• Grumman J2F Duck
• Grumman S-2 Tracker
• Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra
• Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar
• Lockheed Hudson
• Martin B-10
• North American A-27
• North American O-47
• North American P-64
• North American T-28B/C/D Trojan
• Northrop N-3PB
• Northrop YC-125 Raider
• Piasecki H-21
• Polikarpov I-16
• PZL.44 Wicher
• Ryan FR Fireball
• Sikorsky S-58/HUS/HSS/H-34
• Vultee V-1

}}

• M4A6 tank
• M6 heavy tank

Preserved Wright R-1820 engines are on display at the following museums:

• American Airlines C.R. Smith Museum{{cite news|last1=May|first1=Joseph|title=Flagship Knoxville — an American Airlines Douglas DC-3|url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/travelforaircraft/2013/01/08/flagship-knoxville-%E2%80%94-an-american-airlines-douglas-dc-3/|access-date=3 August 2014|publisher=Hearst Seattle Media|date=8 January 2013|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055621/http://blog.seattlepi.com/travelforaircraft/2013/01/08/flagship-knoxville-%e2%80%94-an-american-airlines-douglas-dc-3/|url-status=dead}}
• Fleet Air Arm Museum{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}
• Delta Flight Museum{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}
• National Air and Space Museum{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}
• National Museum of the U.S. Air Force{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}
• Wings of Freedom Aviation Museum{{Cite web |title=Exhibit & Collection |url=https://wingsoffreedommuseum.org/exhibition/ |access-date=2024-09-06 |website=Wings of Freedom |language=en-US}}

File:Engine of Douglas DC-3.jpg|Wright R-1820 Cyclone 9 engine of restored Douglas DC-3 "Flagship Knoxville" at American Airlines C.R. Smith Museum

File:2020-09-038-R1820.jpg|Wright R-1820 cutaway at the Museum of Aviation

File:20-09-117-R 1820.jpg|Wright R-1820 at the Museum of Aviation

File:Wright R-1820-82 Cyclone Radial Engine.jpg|Wright R-1820-82 Cyclone Radial Engine at Wings of Freedom Aviation Museum, Horsham, Pennsylvania

{{pistonspecs

|

|ref= Jane's. Bridgman 1998, p. 314.

|type=Nine-cylinder single-row supercharged air-cooled radial engine

|bore={{convert|6.125|in|mm|abbr=on}}

|stroke={{convert|6.875|in|mm|abbr=on}}

|displacement={{convert|1823|cuin|L|abbr=on}}

|length=47.76 in (1,213 mm)

|diameter=54.25 in (1,378 mm)

|width=

|height=

|weight=1,184 lb (537 kg)

|valvetrain=Two overhead valves per cylinder with sodium-filled exhaust valve

|supercharger=Single-speed General Electric centrifugal type supercharger, blower ratio 7.134:1

|turbocharger=

|fuelsystem=Stromberg PD12K10 downdraft carburetor with automatic mixture control

|fueltype=87 octane rating gasoline

|oilsystem=Dry sump with one pressure and one scavenging pump

|coolingsystem=Air-cooled

|power=1,000 hp (746 kW) at 2,200 rpm for takeoff

|specpower=0.46 hp/in³ (20.88 kW/L)

|compression=6.45:1

|fuelcon=

|specfuelcon=0.6 lb/(hp•h) (362 g/(kW•h))

|oilcon=0.35-0.39 oz/(hp•h) (13-15 g/(kW•h))

|power/weight=0.84 hp/lb (1.39 kW/kg)

}}

{{Aircontent

|see also=

|related=

• Wright Cyclone family
• Wright R-1300 Cyclone 7
• Wright R-2600 Cyclone 14 (Twin Cyclone)
• Wright R-3350 Cyclone 18 (Duplex Cyclone)
• Shvetsov M-25
• Shvetsov ASh-62

|similar engines=

• Alfa Romeo 128
• BMW 114
• Nakajima Hikari
• Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp
• Bristol Pegasus

|lists=

• List of aircraft engines

}}

{{reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

• Bridgman, L, (ed.) (1998) Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. Crescent. {{ISBN|0-517-67964-7}}.
• {{cite web |last=Conners |first=Chris |url=http://afvdb.50megs.com/usa/m4sherman.html |title=Medium Tank M4 Sherman |date=2013 |access-date=9 January 2014 |website=American Fighting Vehicle Database }}
• Eden, Paul & Soph Moeng, The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Amber Books Ltd. Bradley's Close, 74-77 White Lion Street, London, NI 9PF, 2002, {{ISBN|0-7607-3432-1}}.
• Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day. 5th edition, Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2006.{{ISBN|0-7509-4479-X}}
• White, Graham. Allied Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II: History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States During World War II. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International, 1995. {{ISBN|1-56091-655-9}}
• {{cite book |title= Hispano Suiza in Aeronautics|last=Lage|first=Manual| year=2004|publisher=SAE International|location=Warrendale, USA |isbn=0-7680-0997-9}}
• {{cite web |url= http://www.enginehistory.org/featured_engines.htm |title= Aircraft Engines in Armored Vehicles |access-date= 2006-10-03 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061007163521/http://www.enginehistory.org/featured_engines.htm |archive-date= 2006-10-07}}

{{Wright aeroengines}}

{{US military piston aeroengines}}

Category:Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines

R-1820

Category:1930s aircraft piston engines