Xbox Adaptive Controller

According to Phil Spencer, Microsoft had started to take more interest in accessibility features for gaming following the Kinect motion sensing input device first introduced in 2010. While it was successful on the Xbox 360, the Xbox One version, released in 2013, failed to make as strong as an impression, and Microsoft eventually dropped Kinect for gaming areas, though has continued to use its technology in more productivity-related applications. However, the company was contacted by parents of disabled or impaired children that positively commented on the ability of the Kinect to help their children enjoy video games without need of a traditional controller.{{cite web | url = https://www.axios.com/xbox-chief-phil-spencer-interview-20-years-f1a13231-b5b5-4a9f-aaa8-41580b5389b2.html | title = Xbox chief Phil Spencer reflects on 20 years of Xbox | first = Stephen | last = Tolito | date = November 16, 2021 | accessdate = November 16, 2021 | work = Axios }}

Matt Hite, an engineer for Microsoft, spotted a custom controller made by Warfighter Engaged on Twitter in 2014; Warfighter Engaged is a nonprofit started by Ken Jones in 2012 that provides gaming devices to injured veterans.{{cite web |url=https://news.microsoft.com/stories/xbox-adaptive-controller/ |title=Plugged In: The new Xbox Adaptive Controller makes gaming accessible to people with a broad range of disabilities |author=Bach, Deborah |date= |publisher=Microsoft Story Labs |access-date=9 December 2021}}{{cite web |url=http://www.thehandsofhopefoundation.org/2019/11/06/adaptive-devices-create-new-horizons-for-gamers/ |title=Adaptive Devices Create New Horizons For Gamers |author=Stroud, Eric |date=November 6, 2019 |publisher=Hands of Hope Foundation |access-date=9 December 2021}} Hite contacted Jones and in 2015, a team of engineers at Microsoft's Xbox and gaming division began working on a prototype controller to help improve accessibility for video game input. Initially, the team developed a controller that used the Kinect motion-sensing technology to track the player's gestures and movements and translate them to controller inputs.{{cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/garage/wall-of-fame/xbox-adaptive-controller/ |title=Xbox Adaptive Controller |publisher=Microsoft Garage |access-date=9 December 2021}}

Although the motion-tracking controller was not further developed, it was recognized by corporate leadership and inspired another employee team later that year to build a controller attachment with interfaces that allowed non-traditional input devices for gamers who had difficulty using the standard controller. In 2016, Microsoft released the Copilot feature, which linked two controllers to act in tandem as if it were a single controller, allowing one gamer to assist another; this further built momentum for accessibility features for gaming.{{cite web |url=https://support.xbox.com/en-US/help/account-profile/accessibility/copilot |title=Use Copilot on your Xbox console |publisher=Xbox Support |access-date=9 December 2021}} The prototype device/input hub was designed and refined during several internal hackathon events where they built a controller that could use third-party accessories familiar to disabled gamers. In 2017, Microsoft decided to turn the prototype into a product and began collaborating with accessory manufacturers and nonprofit groups in the gaming accessibility field such as SpecialEffect, Warfighter Engaged, and The AbleGamers Foundation. The gaming division also collaborated with a handicapped gamer known as Randy "N0M4D" Fitzgerald.

The Xbox Adaptive Controller was announced in May 2018. The controller was released with a retail price of {{US$|99.99}} on September 4, 2018. The co-creator of the XAC, Bryce Johnson, emphasized the importance of making the controller affordable: "We did a lot of homework around other assistive technologies and were upset by how much they could be ... [we] made deliberate choices to make sure we kept [the price under $100]."{{cite news |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/xac-creator-microsoft-xbox-adaptive-controller-accessibility/ |title=Microsoft inclusive lead reveals there's a 'bit of a plateau' in accessibility tech |author=Wickens, Katie |date=August 23, 2021 |work=PC Gamer |access-date=9 December 2021}}

In November 2018, Microsoft released a holiday-themed television commercial entitled "Reindeer Games" to promote the controller, featuring a group of children racing to another child's home to witness him play a game with the Adaptive Controller. The commercial starred Owen Sirmons, a 9-year-old child with Escobar syndrome.{{cite web | url = https://adage.com/article/agency-news/spot-microsoft-s-holiday-spot-mccann-celebrates-inclusion/315667/ | title = Microsoft's Holiday Spot With Mccann Celebrates Inclusion (Again) | first = Megan | last =Graham | date = November 19, 2018 | access-date = November 19, 2018 | work =Ad Age }} A second commercial entitled "We All Win" was broadcast during Super Bowl LIII, which featured testimonials from Owen and his family on the positive impact of the device.{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/01/31/microsoft-highlights-the-xbox-adaptive-controller-in-emotional-super-bowl-ad/|title=Microsoft highlights the Xbox Adaptive Controller in emotional Super Bowl ad|website=TechCrunch|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-04}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-moving-xbox-adaptive-controller-super-bowl-2019-adam-levine-maroon-5/|title=Microsoft's moving Xbox ad was the best thing about the Super Bowl|last=Serrels|first=Mark|website=CNET|language=en|access-date=2019-02-04}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.star-telegram.com/news/state/texas/article225491120.html|title=9-year-old best friends from Texas turn on the waterworks in Super Bowl commercial|website=Star-Telegram|language=en|access-date=2019-02-06}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/microsoft-celebrates-disabled-young-gamers-in-touching-super-bowl-spot/|title=Microsoft Celebrates Disabled Young Gamers in Touching Super Bowl Spot|last=Coffee|first=Patrick|website=Adweek|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-06}}

Microsoft's electronic voting system ElectionGuard includes an Xbox Adaptive Controller in its base alongside its touchscreen.{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-to-deploy-electionguard-voting-software-for-the-first-time/|title=Microsoft to deploy ElectionGuard voting software in first real-world test|last=Cimpanu|first=Catalin|website=ZDNet|language=en|access-date=2020-02-18}}

The Xbox Adaptive Controller has a slim rectangular frame, measuring {{cvt|292|×|130|×|23|mm}} (L×W×H); the controller alone weighs {{cvt|552|g}}.{{cite web |url=https://www.xbox.com/en-US/accessories/controllers/xbox-adaptive-controller |title=Xbox Adaptive Controller |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=9 December 2021}} The face of the controller has two large, domed buttons that can be mapped to any function using the Xbox Accessories app; these are each {{cvt|4|in}} in diameter and their default mapping is to the A (left, closer to D-pad) and B (right) face buttons on a standard controller. Each of the two large dome buttons make a different sound when depressed to help players distinguish between them.{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2018/09/xbox-adaptive-controller-retail-impressions-a-bold-start-for-limited-gamers/ |title=Xbox Adaptive Controller is now out—and we go hand, foot, fingers, and elbows-on |author=Machkovech, Sam |date=September 6, 2018 |work=Ars Technica |access-date=10 December 2021}} The face also includes a large D-pad, menu button, view button, and the Xbox home button that are featured on a standard Xbox Wireless Controller. In addition, a button allows the player to select one of three saved profiles.

The controller features two USB-A 2.0 ports, one on each side; the USB ports are used to connect devices that map to left and right analog stick functions, corresponding to the side of the XAC. The left side also includes a 3.5mm jack for stereo audio output.

The back of the frame has nineteen 3.5 mm jacks that allow multiple assistive input devices to be connected; each jack corresponds to a different button, trigger, bumper, or D-pad function on the standard Xbox One controller. The Xbox Adaptive Controller supports Windows 10 and Xbox One devices and is compatible with every game at a system level. Each port is also labeled on the face of the controller, and there is a short vertical groove leading to the port from the top of the rear panel, facilitating the installation of assistive inputs. The jacks are designed to require more force than usual to insert or remove a plug, preventing inadvertent disconnection of the assistive input devices. Any of the nineteen ports can be used for a "shift" function, which can add a second function to any of the other ports or buttons on the controller.

There are three machine screw sockets (one threaded 1/4"-20 UNC and two threaded #10-24 UNC) on its underside for mounting the controller.{{cite web |url=https://drivenxdesign.com/NOW/project.asp?ID=18040 |title=Xbox Adaptive Controller |website=Driven x Design |access-date=9 December 2021}} The XAC is equipped with an internal battery that is charged by a USB-C port on the rear panel. A white battery indicator light is provided on the face of the controller, just below the View button; it flashes while charging, and stops flashing when the battery is full.{{cite web |url=https://support.xbox.com/en-US/help/account-profile/accessibility/get-to-know-adaptive-controller |title=Get to know the Xbox Adaptive Controller |publisher=Xbox Support |access-date=10 December 2021}} When the battery is low, the light will turn orange.{{cite web |url=https://support.xbox.com/en-US/help/account-profile/accessibility/charge-adaptive-controller |title=Charge the Xbox Adaptive Controller |publisher=Xbox Support |access-date=10 December 2021}} In addition, a coaxial power connector port (5 VDC, 2 A) is provided for attached USB accessories that require additional power, such as the QuadStick. The required AC adapter is sold separately.

The controller is equipped with both the Xbox Wireless Controller communications protocol and Bluetooth 4.1 (Classic Bluetooth HID profile), allowing it to be connected wirelessly to devices other than an Xbox or Windows PC.{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2018/05/xbox-adaptive-controller-a-bold-answer-to-the-tricky-world-of-accessible-gaming/ |title=In the lab with Xbox's new Adaptive Controller, which may change gaming forever |author=Machkovech, Sam |date=May 16, 2018 |work=Ars Technica |access-date=9 December 2021}} Alternatively, the controller may be connected via the USB-C port on the back using the included {{cvt|9|ft}} long USB-A to -C cable. According to Phil Spencer, the Adaptive Controller is not hardware-locked to Xbox, and was developed with the intention to be used with any gaming platform,{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2018/05/17/xbox-adaptive-controller-why-phil-spencer-greenlit-the-accessibility-project/|title=Xbox Adaptive Controller: Why Phil Spencer greenlit the accessibility project|first=Dean|last=Takahashi|date=May 17, 2018|access-date=January 19, 2020|work=Venture Beat}} with Microsoft opening dialogue with Valve, Nintendo and Sony towards this effort.{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/30/18523449/microsoft-xbox-adaptive-controller-military-veterans-partnership|title=Microsoft is helping veterans game again with Xbox Adaptive Controllers|first=Tom|last=Warren|date=April 30, 2019|access-date=January 19, 2020|work=The Verge}} Further supporting that broad compatibility, Bluetooth LE (HID over GATT Profile) connectivity was added in a 2021 firmware update.{{cite web |url=https://news.xbox.com/en-us/2021/09/08/xbox-controller-firmware-update-rolling-out-to-insiders-starting-today/ |access-date=25 April 2023 |title=Xbox Controller Firmware Update Rolling Out to Insiders Starting Today}}

In addition to the Adaptive Controller, specialized input devices that were developed as part of the project include:

• PDP One-Handed Joystick, a USB analog thumbstick with two digital buttons for the index finger that resembles a Wii Nunchuk.{{cite press release |url=https://www.pdp.com/blog/supporting-accessible-gaming-with-the-one-handed-joystick-for-the-xbox-adaptive-controller |title=Supporting Accessible Gaming with the One-Handed Joystick for the Xbox Adaptive Controller |date=May 30, 2018 |publisher=PDP |access-date=9 December 2021}}
• The Quadstick (a mouth-operated joystick)
• Head-mounted button system

In 2019, peripheral manufacturer Logitech released its Adaptive Gaming Kit, which bundles 12 buttons and triggers with velcro mounting pads for the Adaptive Controller at a retail price of US$99.99; prior to this, individual inputs were priced around US$50 each.{{cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/18/20970294/logitech-adaptive-gaming-kit-xbox-controller-microsoft-accessibility-gamers-with-disabilities |title=Logitech's Adaptive Gaming Kit is a cheaper way in to accessible gaming |author=Porter, Jon |date=November 18, 2019 |work=The Verge |access-date=19 October 2022}}

Time named the Adaptive Controller one of its Best Inventions of 2018.{{cite web | url = https://time.com/collection/best-inventions-2018/5454205/xbox-adaptive-controller/ | title = Making Gaming More Inclusive | first = Samanatha | last = Cooney | date = November 15, 2018 | access-date = November 19, 2018 | work = Time}} It also won the Innovation Award at the Italian Video Game Awards.{{cite web | url = https://italianvideogameawards.com/awards | title = Italian Video Game Awards Nominees and Winners | date = April 11, 2019 | access-date = May 25, 2019 | work = Italian Video Game Awards}} Fast Company gave it Product of the Year for its 2019 Innovation by Design.{{cite news |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90400552/microsofts-trickiest-product-might-be-its-most-important |title=Microsoft's trickiest product might be its most important |author=Wilson, Mark |date=September 16, 2019 |work=Fast Company |access-date=19 October 2022}}

Steven Spohn, the chair of AbleGamers, praised the affordability and wide availability of the controller comparing to existing assistive technology, saying that "a device specifically designed for the disability community costing $100 ... [is] a little like finding a unicorn hugging a leprechaun," all the while decrying the "disability tax" attached to devices that are considered "medically necessary."{{cite news |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/how-the-xbox-adaptive-controller-will-change-the-lives-of-millions-of-players-with-disabilities-on-pc/ |title=How the Xbox Adaptive Controller will change the lives of millions of players with disabilities on PC |author=Spohn, Steven |date=May 23, 2018 |work=PC Gamer |access-date=9 December 2021}} Grant Stoner echoed criticism of the total cost of the controller and required accessories, writing in 2020 that while the price of the Adaptive Controller itself was "not too outrageous, especially considering its overall use and compatibility", the addition of required input switches and joysticks results in an "egregious price to assemble an appropriate setup [which] ultimately muddles the hopeful expectation of enabling everybody to play".{{cite web |url=https://caniplaythat.com/2020/09/24/xbox-adaptive-controller-review-xbox-pc/ |title=Xbox Adaptive Controller Review — Full Potential Comes at a Cost |author=Stoner, Grant |date=September 24, 2020 |website=Can I Play That |access-date=19 October 2022}}

In 2020, peripheral manufacturer Hori released the Flex Controller (NSW-280), which was designed by Technotool Co., Ltd. and provides similar functions for the Nintendo Switch. The Flex Controller also is compatible with Windows computers. Like the Adaptive Controller, the Hori Flex Controller replicates controller buttons and is equipped with eighteen 3.5mm jacks and two USB-A ports for adaptive input devices, but the Flex Controller is compatible with the Switch and Windows computers only.{{cite news |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2020/11/hori_releases_accessibility_controller_for_the_nintendo_switch |title=Hori Releases Accessibility Controller For The Nintendo Switch |author=Doolan, Liam |date=5 November 2020 |work=Nintendo Life |access-date=19 October 2022}} The Flex Controller connects to the console or computer through a permanently-attached cable terminating in a USB-A plug.{{cite web |url=https://hori.jp/products/flex-controller_en/ |title=Flex Controller (English) |website=Hori |access-date=19 October 2022}}

John Helmes, an industrial designer at Microsoft, first customized an Arc Mouse by adding a customized extension that helped his daughter Jara, who has cerebral palsy, to keep her fingers on the buttons.{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/microsoft-design/the-making-of-microsoft-adaptive-accessories-3f4251259637 |title=The Making of Microsoft Adaptive Accessories |author=Jones, Tracy |date=December 1, 2022 |work=Microsoft Design |publisher=medium |access-date=9 January 2023}} Helmes later brought a challenge to the company's annual hackathon in 2020, proposing an adaptable mouse for people who are not able to use a traditional one.{{cite news |url=https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/diversity-inclusion/new-mix-and-match-computer-accessories-give-people-with-disabilities-easier-ways-to-work-and-create/ |title=New mix-and-match computer accessories give people with disabilities easier ways to work and create |author=Ho, Vanessa |date=November 2, 2022 |work=Microsoft News |access-date=9 January 2023}} Microsoft announced the Adaptive Accessories line in 2022, initially including three core components: the Adaptive Mouse, Adaptive Button, and Adaptive Hub. The Mouse is a square-shaped core that provides two buttons and a scroll wheel and is designed to be clipped in to plastic accessories to enhance the physical interface. The Button is also a square-shaped core that accepts a physical input on top, such as a directional pad, discrete buttons, or joystick, controlling up to eight discrete inputs. The Hub connects up to four Buttons wirelessly to a computer, and also has 3.5mm jacks for wired adaptive inputs.{{cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/5/10/23064121/microsoft-adaptive-accessories-mouse-buttons-hub-disabilities |title=Microsoft's Adaptive Accessories are designed to be customizable inputs |author=Clark, Mitchell |date=May 10, 2022 |work=The Verge |access-date=19 October 2022}} They were released on October 25, 2022.{{cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/10/12/23400273/microsoft-adaptive-accessories-release-date-accessibility-kit |title=Microsoft's Adaptive Accessories finally have a release date |author=Weatherbed, Jess |date=October 12, 2022 |work=The Verge |access-date=19 October 2022}}

Sony announced it would release a similar accessible, customizable controller for the PlayStation 5 based on the Project Leonardo prototype shown at the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2023. The prototype includes a large joystick physically connected to a domed panel with nine assignable inputs; eight buttons are arranged radially around the dome, and the center of the dome itself serves as a ninth input. The size and shape of each radial button can be customized by interchangeable panels. Four 3.5 mm jacks are provided for additional input devices. Up to three controllers (two accessible controllers and one standard DualSense) can be combined into a single logical controller, allowing friends and family to assist with specific inputs.{{cite press release |url=https://blog.playstation.com/2023/01/04/introducing-project-leonardo-for-playstation-5-a-highly-customizable-accessibility-controller-kit/ |author=Nishino, Hideaki |title=Introducing Project Leonardo for PlayStation 5, a highly customizable accessibility controller kit |date=January 4, 2023 |work=PlayStation Blog |access-date=9 January 2023}}{{cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/23539916/sony-ps5-accessibility-controller-leonardo-ces-2023 |title=Sony announces Project Leonard, a PlayStation 5 accessibility controller |author=Parrish, Ash |date=January 4, 2023 |work=The Verge |access-date=9 January 2023}}{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2023/01/sony-announces-new-controller-aimed-at-gamers-with-disabilities/ |title=Sony announces new controller aimed at gamers with disabilities |author=Orland, Kyle |date=January 5, 2023 |work=Ars Technica |access-date=9 January 2023}} The peripheral was renamed to the Access Controller that May{{cite news |url=https://www.engadget.com/sonys-project-leonardo-ps5-peripheral-is-now-the-access-controller-105010859.html |title=Sony's 'Project Leonardo' PS5 peripheral is now the 'Access controller' |first=Sarah |last=Fielding |date=May 18, 2023 |work=engadget |access-date=6 May 2024}} and released in December.{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/cnn-underscored/electronics/accessibility-in-gaming-ps5-access-controller |title=Accessibility in gaming expands with Sony's new Access Controller for PS5 |first=Esther |last=Schindler |date=December 8, 2023 |work=CNN underscored |access-date=6 May 2024}}

• Game accessibility

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite web | url=http://uk.ign.com/articles/2018/09/04/xbox-adaptive-controller-available-today | title=Xbox Adaptive Controller Available Today | work=IGN | first=Colin | last=Stevens | date=September 4, 2018 | access-date=September 5, 2018}}

{{cite web | url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/5/17/17363528/xbox-adaptive-controller-disability-accessible | title=Microsoft’s new Xbox controller is designed entirely for players with disabilities | work=Polygon | first1=Chelsea | last1=Stark | first2=Samit | last2=Sarkar | date=May 17, 2018 | access-date=May 17, 2018}}

{{cite web | url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/11/17449206/microsoft-xbox-adaptive-controller-august-3rd-release-date-pricing | title=Microsoft’s new Xbox Adaptive Controller launches in September | work=The Verge | first=Tom | last=Warren | date=June 11, 2018 | access-date=June 12, 2018}}

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• {{Official website|http://xbox.com/adaptive-controller}}
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fcK19CAjWM&ab_channel=Xbox Official Launch Video]
• {{cite web |url=https://www.gdcvault.com/play/1026494/The-Making-of-the-Xbox |title=The Making of the Xbox Adaptive Controller |date=2019 |publisher=GDC Vault}}

{{Xbox}}

Category:Game accessibility

Category:Xbox accessories

Category:Xbox One

Category:Xbox Series X and Series S

Category:Game controllers