YWHAE

This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 100% identical to the mouse ortholog. It interacts with CDC25 phosphatases, RAF1 and IRS1 proteins, suggesting its role in diverse biochemical activities related to signal transduction, such as cell division and regulation of insulin sensitivity. It has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of small cell lung cancer,{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: YWHAE tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon polypeptide| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7531}} and microdeletions associated with Miller–Dieker syndrome.{{cite journal | vauthors = Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Smith TH, Toyo-Oka K | title = Neurodevelopmental Genetic Diseases Associated With Microdeletions and Microduplications of Chromosome 17p13.3 | journal = Frontiers in Genetics | volume = 9 | pages = 80 | date = 2018 | pmid = 29628935 | pmc = 5876250 | doi = 10.3389/fgene.2018.00080 | doi-access = free }}

YWHAE has been shown to interact with:

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• C-Raf,{{cite journal | vauthors = Vincenz C, Dixit VM | title = 14-3-3 proteins associate with A20 in an isoform-specific manner and function both as chaperone and adapter molecules | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 33 | pages = 20029–34 | date = August 1996 | pmid = 8702721 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.33.20029| doi-access = free }}
• CDC25B,{{cite journal | vauthors = Mils V, Baldin V, Goubin F, Pinta I, Papin C, Waye M, Eychene A, Ducommun B | title = Specific interaction between 14-3-3 isoforms and the human CDC25B phosphatase | journal = Oncogene | volume = 19 | issue = 10 | pages = 1257–65 | date = March 2000 | pmid = 10713667 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1203419 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Conklin DS, Galaktionov K, Beach D | title = 14-3-3 proteins associate with cdc25 phosphatases | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 92 | issue = 17 | pages = 7892–6 | date = August 1995 | pmid = 7644510 | pmc = 41252 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.92.17.7892| bibcode = 1995PNAS...92.7892C | doi-access = free }}
• HDAC4,{{cite journal | vauthors = Miska EA, Langley E, Wolf D, Karlsson C, Pines J, Kouzarides T | title = Differential localization of HDAC4 orchestrates muscle differentiation | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 29 | issue = 16 | pages = 3439–47 | date = August 2001 | pmid = 11504882 | pmc = 55849 | doi = 10.1093/nar/29.16.3439}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Grozinger CM, Schreiber SL | title = Regulation of histone deacetylase 4 and 5 and transcriptional activity by 14-3-3-dependent cellular localization | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 97 | issue = 14 | pages = 7835–40 | date = July 2000 | pmid = 10869435 | pmc = 16631 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.140199597 | bibcode = 2000PNAS...97.7835G | doi-access = free }}
• HERG,{{cite journal | vauthors = Kagan A, Melman YF, Krumerman A, McDonald TV | title = 14-3-3 amplifies and prolongs adrenergic stimulation of HERG K+ channel activity | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 21 | issue = 8 | pages = 1889–98 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11953308 | pmc = 125975 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/21.8.1889 }}
• IRS1 and
• IGF1R,{{cite journal | vauthors = Craparo A, Freund R, Gustafson TA | title = 14-3-3 (epsilon) interacts with the insulin-like growth factor I receptor and insulin receptor substrate I in a phosphoserine-dependent manner | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 17 | pages = 11663–9 | date = April 1997 | pmid = 9111084 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.17.11663| doi-access = free }}
• MAP3K3,{{cite journal | vauthors = Fanger GR, Widmann C, Porter AC, Sather S, Johnson GL, Vaillancourt RR | title = 14-3-3 proteins interact with specific MEK kinases | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 6 | pages = 3476–83 | date = February 1998 | pmid = 9452471 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.6.3476| doi-access = free }}
• NDEL1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Toyo-oka K, Shionoya A, Gambello MJ, Cardoso C, Leventer R, Ward HL, Ayala R, Tsai LH, Dobyns W, Ledbetter D, Hirotsune S, Wynshaw-Boris A | title = 14-3-3epsilon is important for neuronal migration by binding to NUDEL: a molecular explanation for Miller-Dieker syndrome | journal = Nat. Genet. | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 274–85 | date = July 2003 | pmid = 12796778 | doi = 10.1038/ng1169 | s2cid = 10301633 }}
• NGFRAP1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Kimura MT, Irie S, Shoji-Hoshino S, Mukai J, Nadano D, Oshimura M, Sato TA | title = 14-3-3 is involved in p75 neurotrophin receptor-mediated signal transduction | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 276 | issue = 20 | pages = 17291–300 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11278287 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M005453200 | doi-access = free }} and
• TGF beta 1.{{cite journal | vauthors = McGonigle S, Beall MJ, Feeney EL, Pearce EJ | title = Conserved role for 14-3-3epsilon downstream of type I TGFbeta receptors | journal = FEBS Lett. | volume = 490 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 65–9 | date = February 2001 | pmid = 11172812 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02133-0| s2cid = 84710903 | doi-access = }}

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• 14-3-3 protein

{{reflist}}

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Kino T, Pavlakis GN | title = Partner molecules of accessory protein Vpr of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 | journal = DNA Cell Biol. | volume = 23 | issue = 4 | pages = 193–205 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15142377 | doi = 10.1089/104454904773819789 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1235217 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Kino T, Chrousos GP | title = Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 accessory protein Vpr: a causative agent of the AIDS-related insulin resistance/lipodystrophy syndrome? | journal = Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | volume = 1024 | pages = 153–67 | year = 2004 | issue = 1 | pmid = 15265780 | doi = 10.1196/annals.1321.013 | bibcode = 2004NYASA1024..153K | s2cid = 23655886 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1235880 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Jones DH, Ley S, Aitken A | title = Isoforms of 14-3-3 protein can form homo- and heterodimers in vivo and in vitro: implications for function as adapter proteins | journal = FEBS Lett. | volume = 368 | issue = 1 | pages = 55–8 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7615088 | doi = 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00598-4 | s2cid = 7233378 | doi-access = }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Conklin DS, Galaktionov K, Beach D | title = 14-3-3 proteins associate with cdc25 phosphatases | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 92 | issue = 17 | pages = 7892–6 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7644510 | pmc = 41252 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.92.17.7892 | bibcode = 1995PNAS...92.7892C | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Jin DY, Lyu MS, Kozak CA, Jeang KT | title = Function of 14-3-3 proteins | journal = Nature | volume = 382 | issue = 6589 | pages = 308 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8684458 | doi = 10.1038/382308a0 | bibcode = 1996Natur.382..308J | s2cid = 7296682 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1233186 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Vincenz C, Dixit VM | title = 14-3-3 proteins associate with A20 in an isoform-specific manner and function both as chaperone and adapter molecules | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 271 | issue = 33 | pages = 20029–34 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8702721 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.271.33.20029 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Chong SS, Tanigami A, Roschke AV, Ledbetter DH | title = 14-3-3 epsilon has no homology to LIS1 and lies telomeric to it on chromosome 17p13.3 outside the Miller-Dieker syndrome chromosome region | journal = Genome Res. | volume = 6 | issue = 8 | pages = 735–41 | year = 1997 | pmid = 8858348 | doi = 10.1101/gr.6.8.735 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Craparo A, Freund R, Gustafson TA | title = 14-3-3 (epsilon) interacts with the insulin-like growth factor I receptor and insulin receptor substrate I in a phosphoserine-dependent manner | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 17 | pages = 11663–9 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9111084 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.17.11663 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Han L, Wong D, Dhaka A, Afar D, White M, Xie W, Herschman H, Witte O, Colicelli J | title = Protein binding and signaling properties of RIN1 suggest a unique effector function | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 94 | issue = 10 | pages = 4954–9 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9144171 | pmc = 24612 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.94.10.4954 | bibcode = 1997PNAS...94.4954H | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Ogihara T, Isobe T, Ichimura T, Taoka M, Funaki M, Sakoda H, Onishi Y, Inukai K, Anai M, Fukushima Y, Kikuchi M, Yazaki Y, Oka Y, Asano T | title = 14-3-3 protein binds to insulin receptor substrate-1, one of the binding sites of which is in the phosphotyrosine binding domain | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 272 | issue = 40 | pages = 25267–74 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9312143 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.272.40.25267 | doi-access = free}}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Hsu SY, Kaipia A, Zhu L, Hsueh AJ | title = Interference of BAD (Bcl-xL/Bcl-2-associated death promoter)-induced apoptosis in mammalian cells by 14-3-3 isoforms and P11 | journal = Mol. Endocrinol. | volume = 11 | issue = 12 | pages = 1858–67 | year = 1997 | doi = 10.1210/mend.11.12.0023 | pmid = 9369453 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = ((Nagata Ki)), Puls A, Futter C, Aspenstrom P, Schaefer E, Nakata T, Hirokawa N, Hall A | title = The MAP kinase kinase kinase MLK2 co-localizes with activated JNK along microtubules and associates with kinesin superfamily motor KIF3 | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 149–58 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9427749 | pmc = 1170366 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/17.1.149 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Fanger GR, Widmann C, Porter AC, Sather S, Johnson GL, Vaillancourt RR | title = 14-3-3 proteins interact with specific MEK kinases | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 6 | pages = 3476–83 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9452471 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.6.3476 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Ku NO, Liao J, Omary MB | title = Phosphorylation of human keratin 18 serine 33 regulates binding to 14-3-3 proteins | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 17 | issue = 7 | pages = 1892–906 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9524113 | pmc = 1170536 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/17.7.1892 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Luk SC, Ngai SM, Tsui SK, Fung KP, Lee CY, Waye MM | title = In vivo and in vitro association of 14-3-3 epsilon isoform with calmodulin: implication for signal transduction and cell proliferation | journal = J. Cell. Biochem. | volume = 73 | issue = 1 | pages = 31–5 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10088721 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19990401)73:1<31::AID-JCB4>3.0.CO;2-X | s2cid = 1160678 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Ostrerova N, Petrucelli L, Farrer M, Mehta N, Choi P, Hardy J, Wolozin B | author7-link=Benjamin Wolozin | title = alpha-Synuclein shares physical and functional homology with 14-3-3 proteins | journal = J. Neurosci. | volume = 19 | issue = 14 | pages = 5782–91 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10407019 | doi = 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-14-05782.1999| pmc=6783081 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Finlin BS, Andres DA | title = Phosphorylation-dependent association of the Ras-related GTP-binding protein Rem with 14-3-3 proteins | journal = Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | volume = 368 | issue = 2 | pages = 401–12 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10441394 | doi = 10.1006/abbi.1999.1316 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Dorner C, Ullrich A, Häring HU, Lammers R | title = The kinesin-like motor protein KIF1C occurs in intact cells as a dimer and associates with proteins of the 14-3-3 family | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 47 | pages = 33654–60 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10559254 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.47.33654 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Aoki H, Hayashi J, Moriyama M, Arakawa Y, Hino O | title = Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Interacts with 14-3-3 Protein and Activates the Kinase Raf-1 | journal = J. Virol. | volume = 74 | issue = 4 | pages = 1736–41 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10644344 | pmc = 111649 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.74.4.1736-1741.2000 }}

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{{PDB Gallery|geneid=7531}}

{{Adaptor proteins}}

Category:14-3-3 proteins