Yafa an-Naseriyye#Classical antiquity

Yafa an-Naseriyye is an ancient town where rock-cut tombs and cisterns have been found.Dauphin, 1998, p. 689 Pottery finds date to the Iron Age IIA-B (late tenth and ninth centuries BCE), Hellenistic (late second and early first centuries BCE.), and Roman era (first to fourth century).

Yafa was a vassal of Megiddo in the fourteenth century BCE, according to the Amarna letters.Alexandre, 2012, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2084&mag_id=119 Yafi‘a Final report]

It has been identified with the ancient town of Japhia,Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/120/mode/1up 120] mentioned in the Book of Joshua as a border town belonging to Zebulun.{{bibleverse|Joshua|19:12}}

First-century Jewish historian Josephus mentions the city Japha (Yafa) in his Life of Flavius Josephus (§ 37 and 45) and The Jewish War (Book 3, chapter 7, verse 31). He describes Japha as the largest village in Galilee,Whiston, William (1737): [http://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/war-3.htm Josephus' The Jewish War, translated by William Whiston] where he resided for a time and fortified it in 66 CE. Josephus also details the village's capture during the First Jewish–Roman War by the Roman army under M. Ulpius Traianus and Titus in the spring of 67 CE.Josephus, The Jewish War [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0148%3Abook%3D3%3Asection%3D289 3.289]{{Cite book |last=Rogers |first=Guy MacLean |title=For the Freedom of Zion: the Great Revolt of Jews against Romans, 66-74 CE |date=2021 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-24813-5 |location=New Haven |pages=539}}

Chambers, cut in stone, three storeys high, have been found in the village. This was probably an old granary.Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/353/mode/1up 353]-354 Victor Guérin noted that when one of the chambers was cleared out in 1869, a vase was found containing about two hundred coins of Roman emperors. According to his observations, there were two of the subterranean systems, one of which is described above, both of which have suffered considerable damage since they were first visited by him in 1870. He found nothing of the ancient town, except five or six fragments of columns, broken stones, and about thirty cisterns. The city formerly included three adjacent hills.Guérin, 1880, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n116/mode/1up 103]-105, as given by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/354/mode/1up 354] A stone quarry, also dating from the Roman period, has been excavated. It was in use from the late first century CE to the mid-fourth century CE.Shemer, 2016, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=25075&mag_id=124 Yafi‘a, Final report]

The remains of a synagogue, initially reported by Vincent in the 1920s, were later excavated by Sukenik in 1950, confirming the site's identification. The excavation of the building, which is approximately 19 meters long and oriented east-west, only revealed partial details of its plan. Mosaic fragments discovered during the excavation hinted at a central motif — a large circle with 12 smaller dots — suspected to represent either a zodiac, or, as suggested by Sukenik, depicting the Twelve Tribes of Israel. One notable discovery from the synagogue is an Aramaic mosaic fragment from its floor, showcasing three Hebrew letters (possibly signifying the last letters of the name Ephraim), next to the head of an animal. This finding dates back to the 3rd to 4th centuries AD.{{Citation |title=CXXX. Iaphia (mod. Yafa) nos. 7363-7364 |date=2023-03-20 |work=Volume 5/Part 2 Galilaea and Northern Regions: 6925-7818 |pages=1456–1457 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110715743-016/html |access-date=2024-02-13 |publisher=De Gruyter |language=en |doi=10.1515/9783110715743-016 |isbn=978-3-11-071574-3|url-access=subscription }}

Local medieval tradition holds that Zebedee and his two sons, the Apostles James and John lived in Yafa.{{cite journal|author=Edgar Johnson Goodspeed|date=December 1900|title=From Haifa to Nazareth|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1431429|journal=The Biblical World|volume=16|issue=6|pages=407–413|doi=10.1086/472713|jstor=3136947|doi-access=free|s2cid=145596487}} As the first to mention this tradition was Marinus Sanutus, it was most likely a Crusader-era invention.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n200/mode/1up 183], [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n217/mode/1up 200]

Remains of a building from the Mamluk era has been excavated, with pottery sherds from that period.Zidan, 2015, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=24841&mag_id=122 Yafi‘a]Israel Antiquities Authority, [http://www.antiquities.org.il/m_digs_eng.aspx?shana=2013 Excavators and Excavations Permit for Year 2013], Survey Permit # A-6789.

File:הכפר יפיע.jpg

In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as being in the nahiya ("Subdistrict") of Tabariyya under the Liwa ("District") of Safad with a population of 14 Muslim households. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on wheat, barley, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 2,200 akçe.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 190Note that Rhode, 1979, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420031504/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |date=2019-04-20 }} writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9

A map from Napoleon's invasion of 1799 by Pierre Jacotin showed the place, named as Iaffa.Karmon, 1960, p. [http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf 167] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |date=2019-12-22 }}.

In 1838 Edward Robinson described it as a small village, with 30 houses and the remains of a church. He further noted it as a Muslim and Greek Christian village in the Nazareth district.Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/132/mode/1up 132]

When Guérin visited in 1875, he found 400 inhabitants including Latins, Greek Orthodox, and Moslems. There were also Protestant schools in the village.Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n116/mode/1up 103], as given by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/280/mode/1up 280]

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it as a "moderate-sized village in a strong position on the spur running from Nazareth down to Jebata. It has a well to the north side and a second in the valley to the north-east."Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/280/mode/1up 280]

A population list from about 1887 showed that Yafa had about 900 inhabitants; half Muslims, half Christians.Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n207/mode/1up 182]

File:Yafia1.JPG

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Yafa had a total population of 615; 215 Muslims and 400 Christians,Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Nazareth, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n40/mode/1up 38] Of the Christians, 168 were Orthodox, 112 Catholics, 108 Greek Catholic (Melchite) and 12 Anglicans.Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n52/mode/1up 50] The population had increased at the 1931 census, when Yafa, (including Arab el Ghazzalin), had a population of 833; 456 Muslims and 377 Christians, in a total of 213 houses.Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 76]

In the 1945 statistics the population size of Yafa was 1,070; 580 Muslims and 490 Christians,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p08.jpg 8] with a total of 17,809 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Nazareth/Page-063.jpg 63] Of this, 710 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 12,701 used for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Nazareth/Page-110.jpg 110] while 149 dunams were built-up (urban) land.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Nazareth/Page-160.jpg 160]

In 1921, a synagogue lintel was found there, and in 1950 part of a synagogue paved with mosaics was excavated near the Greek Orthodox church.{{cite book|last=Encyclopaedia Judaica|title=Japhia|edition=2 |volume=11 |publisher=Keter Publishing House, Ltd. |location=Jerusalem|editor=Fred Skolnik |page=87 |date=2007 |language=en|isbn=978-0-02-865940-4}}

In 1948 Yafa was captured by the Israeli army during Operation Dekel which was launched in July.Morris, 1987, p. 200 The remaining population were put under martial law which remained in force until 1966.

A substantial portion of Yafa's population today are the descendants of internally displaced Palestinian Arabs from the neighbouring village of Ma'alul which was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli war. People from Ma'alul participated in the local elections in Yafa under the banner of the "Ma'alul refugees' party", with a platform also focused on issues of interest or concern to the wider population, as a way of attracting political support from local parties.{{cite web |title= Palestinian Internally Displaced Persons inside Israel: Challenging the Solid Structures |author= Nihad Bokae'e |date= February 2003 |publisher= Badil |url= http://www.badil.org/Publications/Monographs/Palestinian.IDPs.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070614193519/http://www.badil.org/Publications/Monographs/Palestinian.IDPs.pdf |archivedate= June 14, 2007 }}

In 2015, SanDisk Israel opened an R&D center in Kfar Yafia.[http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-sandisk-opens-rd-center-in-israeli-arab-town-1001073472S anDisk opens R&D center in Israeli Arab town]

• Gabriel Naddaf

• Arab localities in Israel
• Cities in the Book of Joshua

{{reflist|25em}}

{{refbegin}}

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• {{cite journal

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• {{cite journal |last=Zidan |first=Omar |date=2015-12-06 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=24841&mag_id=122 |title=Yafi'a Final report |publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=127 }}

{{refend}}

• [http://www.yaffa.org/ar/index.aspx Official website]
• [http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Yaffa_1695/index.html Welcome To Yaffa]
• Survey of Western Palestine, Map 5: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8368 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.05.jpg Wikimedia commons]
• [https://www.fotw.info/flags/il-lcyfa.html Yafi] at Flags of the World

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