Yakubu II

After three days of unrest and sporadic violence, Gbewaa Palace, the residence of the king together with thirty surrounding houses were burned down.{{cite web|url=http://mobile.ghanaweb.com/wap/article.php?ID=26525|title=Wuaku Commission: "I fired shots with AK47 rifle"|agency=Ghana News Agency|date=August 15, 2002|access-date=5 January 2014}} Thirty members of his household and other members of the community were killed and several others injured. The king's body was dismembered and decapitated after he was killed and set on fire. His head was paraded on a spear{{cite web|url=http://business.highbeam.com/392330/article-1P2-1569931/headless-king-32-widows-and-succession-battle-making|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107232909/http://business.highbeam.com/392330/article-1P2-1569931/headless-king-32-widows-and-succession-battle-making|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 7, 2014|title=A headless king, 32 widows and a succession battle in the making|author=BRYAN MEALER|work=Chicago Sun-Times|date=February 14, 2005|access-date=4 January 2014}} and parts of his body were paraded around town.{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanareview.com/int/newcrises.html#h|title=GRi at the Wuaku Commission on Yendi crises|author=Wuaku Commission|date=May 7, 2006|access-date=4 January 2014}} Nobody has been jailed in relation to the incidence (January 2014).{{cite web|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/322532/1/accused-persons-in-ya-na039s-murder-case-freed.html|title=Accused Persons In Ya-Na's Murder Case Freed|author=Daily Graphic|publisher=Modern Ghana|date=March 31, 2011|access-date=5 January 2014}}

Minister of State, Jake Obetsebi-Lamptey, announced his death on March 27, 2002.{{cite web|url=http://www.africa-confidential.com/article-preview/id/531/Murder_in_Yendi|title=Murder in Yendi|work=Africa Confidential|date=April 19, 2002|access-date=5 January 2014}} News of his death and the gruesome manner in which it took place shook the entire country and has since affected the lives of Dagombas in Ghana and beyond in diverse ways especially with regard to their political affiliations. Dagbon citizens who occupied prominent government positions were inescapably caught up in the dispute. Some ministers and government appointees resigned under the heat of the dispute.{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/ministers-resign-after-ghanas-tribal-infighting-leaves-36-people-dead-9135271.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/ministers-resign-after-ghanas-tribal-infighting-leaves-36-people-dead-9135271.html |archive-date=2022-05-07 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Ministers Resign after Ghana's Tribal Infighting Leaves 36 People Dead|author=Kpodo Kwasi|work=The Independent |location=London|date=March 30, 2002|access-date=21 March 2014}}{{cbignore}} Aliu Mahama, then Vice President of Ghana, vehemently refused to comment on the matter. Death of Yakubu II set a lot of Dagombas against the Government of John Agyekum Kufuor (incumbent 2002), further deepening the common asseveration that Dagombas are more generally sympathetic towards the National Democratic Congress than the New Patriotic Party.{{cite web|url=http://www.citifmonline.com/mobile/index.php?id=1.339838|title=NDC urges Andanis to remain calm and confident|author=Citi FM News|publisher=Citi FM Online|year=2011|access-date=21 March 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106224844/http://www.citifmonline.com/mobile/index.php?id=1.339838 |archive-date=6 January 2014}}

Many Ghanaians accused the government of not supporting Yaa Naa Yakubu II enough and so made his assassination possible. Former President Jerry John Rawlings is at the forefront of such accusations stating that he has evidence to support his claims and wishes to be given the platform to expose the contrivers of the assassinations.{{cite web|url=http://thechronicle.com.gh/ive-evidence-on-ya-na-jj/|title=I'VE EVIDENCE ON YA-NA .JJ|author=Emmanuel Akli|publisher=The Chronicle|date=April 1, 2011|access-date=5 January 2014}} Alex Segbefia, one time deputy Chief of Staff, said that the New Patriotic Party was to blame for the conflict.{{cite web|url=http://politics.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/201111/76371.php|title=Blame the NPP for difficulties in finding Ya-Na killers- Alex Segbefia|author=Nathan Gadugah|publisher=Myjoyonline.com|date=August 12, 2011|access-date=5 January 2014}} John Agyekum Kufuor, then president of the country and leader of the New Patriotic Party, however, has always disassociated himself from such allegations.{{cite web|url=http://www.citifmonline.com/mobile/index.php?id=1.445797|title=Ya Na's murder still gives me sleepless nights - Kufuor|author=Martin Asiedu|publisher=Citifmonline|year=2011|access-date=21 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106225234/http://www.citifmonline.com/mobile/index.php?id=1.445797 |archive-date=6 January 2014}} In spite of state of affairs, John Agyekum Kufuor was reelected on December 7, 2004,{{cite web|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/|title=Elections 2004 (Presidential Results Summary)|publisher=Peacefmonline|year=2004|access-date=5 January 2014}} amazing votes in Yendi and Gushiegu parliamentary constituencies, which have strong representation of supporters of Abudu Royal Gate, whiles the rest of Dagbon and most of Northern Ghana voted overwhelmingly for the National Democratic Congress, snatching away some New Patriotic Party parliamentary seats in the process.

Yaa Naa Yakubu II (1945–2002) was born in August 1945 at Sagnarigu, a suburb of Tamale in present-day Northern Ghana. His father was Andani Zolikuɣuli, also a previous king of Dagbon who reigned from 1968 to 1969, and his mother was Faati Mahama, who hailed from Savelugu. He was named after his Great-grandfather, Yaa-Naa Yakubu I (1824–1849). He was his father's eldest son and the only child of his mother. He attended Yendi primary and middle schools and taught as a pupil teacher for several years.

Before he became Yaa Naa, he had already married three wives; shortly after his inauguration, they were sent to Zohi, a suburb of Yendi, where they were conferred with titles. The first wife obtained the title Gbanzalun, the second wife became Katini, while the third one was given the title Sologu. By the time of his death in March 2002, Yaa Naa Yakubu II had 26 wives,{{Cite book|last=Mahama, Ibrahim, 1936-|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/528816010|title=Murder of an African king : Ya-na Yakubu II|date=2009|publisher=Vantage Press|isbn=978-0-533-15936-9|oclc=528816010}} and each of them was similarly conferred with titles in accordance with Dagomba tradition. He was survived by 103 children{{Citation|last=Abubakari|first=Abdulai|title=Andani II Ya-Na Yakubu|date=2011-12-08|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.48258|work=African American Studies Center|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.48258|isbn=978-0-19-530173-1|access-date=2020-05-30|url-access=subscription}} including Kampakuya Naa Abdulai Yakubu Andani; his first son and caretaker king of Dagbon.

The perpetrators are believed to have been an assassination squad of Liberian mercenaries brought to Yendi to incapacitate the Yaa-Naa and his bodyguards, paving way for the local militia of Abudu Gate to finish him off. Eyewitnesses say they numbered around 50 and were armed with sub-machine guns, rifles, and hand grenades.{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/rumor/artikel.php?ID=206376|title=Ya na's Killer Exposed|author=Aaron Okyere|publisher=Ghana Web|date=April 5, 2011|access-date=6 January 2014}}

On the day of the incident, all means of communication to Yendi were hijacked. All thought the seizure of the Gbewaa Palace and attack on Yaa-Naa Yakubu II by the hired assassins and members of Abudu family took several hours to complete amidst firing of heavy artillery, incessant pleas made by the Yaa-Naa to a police station under 2 minutes walk away to come and contain the situation was declined. Some occupants of the palace who managed escape to the station for protection were turned away by the police. A number of such persons were assaulted by the police and handed over to the Abudus to be shot.{{cite web|url=http://www.dagbon.net/news.php?bo=showNews&ID=4632|title=Witness testifies at Ya-Na's trial|author=GhanDistricts.com |publisher=Dagbon.Net|date=October 5, 2010|access-date=9 January 2014}} By way of calculated interferences in communication by means of electricity or telephone to the rest of the world, Yaa-Naa was left to his own fate. It appears the king was designedly cordoned in his palace alongside his eminent chiefs and some members of his family and friends who were with him. He was bombarded with firepower and grenades by the armed assassins till his bodyguards and brave young men in his household who swore to protect him were all taken out. At that time, the mercenaries having completed their task, disappeared into thin air. His palace and surrounding houses was burned to ruins. That was when the local militia from Abudu Family took over. Yaa-Naa Yakubu II was killed and mutilated alongside some of his elders.{{cite web|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news2/21505/1/ya-na-confirmed-dead.html|title=Ya-Na Confirmed Dead|author=Ghana News Agency|publisher=Modern Ghana|date=March 28, 2002|access-date=21 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107021819/http://www.modernghana.com/news2/21505/1/ya-na-confirmed-dead.html |archive-date=7 January 2014}}

Twenty-two members of Andani Family were brutally murdered whiles others were severely maimed. The king slayers made away with parts of his body including his head they had decapitated. The vicinity was charged with wild jubilations among members of Abudu Gate amid drumming, dancing and singing Dagomba war victory songs.{{cite web|url=http://ghanaweb.net/GhanaHomePage/rumor/artikel.php?ID=24763|title=Abudu?s jubilated after Ya-Na?s death - Witness|author=Graphic|publisher=Ghana Web|date=June 12, 2002|access-date=8 January 2014}} Famous triumphal rhythm Bangumanga could be heard on loud Talking drum from the house of the leader of Abudus, Bolin Lana Mahamadu Abduliai{{cite web|url=http://www.dagbon.net/news.php?bo=showNews&ID=1083|title=Abudus Express Readiness to Co-operate But…|work=Accra Mail|publisher=Dagbbon.Net|date=March 21, 2006|access-date=6 January 2014}} where the severed head of the Yaa-Naa was presented him.{{cite web|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news2/67087/1/we-wont-bury-ya-na-andani.html|title=We won't bury Ya-na - Andani|author=MAHAMA SHAYIBU|publisher=ModernGhana|date=November 22, 2004|access-date=21 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109172929/http://www.modernghana.com/news2/67087/1/we-wont-bury-ya-na-andani.html |archive-date=9 January 2014}} Dagomba talking drums are capable of being heard across the capital of the kingdom (Yendi) and beyond.

A new ruler of Dagbon cannot be chosen until his predecessor is buried. A pathologist from the 37 Military Hospital confirmed that the body of Yaa-Naa Yakubu II is incomplete; his head, a hand or a foot were detached from the rest of his body.{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=36392|title=Ya-Na's body was incomplete and badly mutilated - Pathologist|work=GhanaWeb|date=May 14, 2003|access-date=6 January 2014}} However the severed head and hand of the king were mysteriously returned to the Yendi District Hospital Morgue where the body was kept by an unknown person.{{cite web|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/232998/1/ya-nas-spirit-haunts-kufuor-co-3.html|title=Ya-Na's Spirit haunts Kufuor & Co (3)|author=TheGhanaianJournal |publisher=ModernGhana|date=August 14, 2009|access-date=6 January 2014}}

The burial of the king finally took place on Monday 10 April 2006 after a compromise reached between the Andanis and the Abudus concerning his successor.{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4906764.stm|title=Ghana king's burial ends long feud |author=Kwaku Sakyi-Addo|publisher=BBC|date=April 13, 2006|access-date=6 January 2014}} The king was given a state burial in the royal musuleum at the Gbewaa Palace in Yendi. The elder son (Zuu) of the king was enskined as the Regent of Dagbon on 21 April 2006 to manage the affairs of the kingdom until the final funeral rites when a new Yaa-Naa will be enskined. The traditional title of the Regent is Kampakuya Naa Abdulai Yakubu Andani. His successor is Yaa-Naa Abdulai Yakubu.{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanamma.com/translate-peace-talks-to-into-action-bede-ziedeng/|title=Translate peace talks to into action — Bede Ziedeng|author=Nurudeen Salifu|publisher=Graphic Online|date=May 16, 2013|access-date=21 March 2015}} On 29 May 2011, a court in Accra acquitted and discharged 15 persons who were accused of murdering the Ya-Naa. This sparked violent protests in Dagbon and other parts of the country.{{cite web|url=http://www.northernghana.com/news/i/?n=2144|title=Yendi in Frenzy Over Acquittal of Ya-Na Murder Suspects|publisher=NorthernGhana.com|year=2011|access-date=6 January 2014}}

The late king of Dagbon was survived by 103 children.

{{Expand list|date=February 2014}}

• Yidana Sugri. He hung the severed arm around his neck and dared anyone to remove it.
• Iddrisu Jahinfo. He carried the severed head around and at some point was kicking it like a football while proclaiming himself the sole and actual slayer of the late king.{{cite web|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/511092/1/justice-for-the-ya-na-is-good-but.html|title=Justice for the Ya-Na is good but...|author=Michael J. K. Bokor|publisher=Modern Ghana|date=December 31, 2013|access-date=7 January 2014}}
• Constable Nyarkotey Adjetey. He and his colleagues arrested escapees of the palace that was under fire attack, assaulted them and handed them over to be shot by Abudu fighters.
• Zakaria Forest. Alleged to have cut off the head and hands of the Yaa-Naa. He is currently at large (January 2014).{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iZz6iBytsHsC&pg=PP2 |title=THE REPUBLIC v 1.IDDRISU IDDI @ MBADUGU & 14 ORS|author=Justice E.k. Ayebi Ja|publisher=Ghanaian Judiciary|access-date=5 January 2014}}
• Sau Billa. Earliest known initiator of gunfire towards the Gbewaa Palace.
• Mohammadu Abdulai. He and Sani Moro dragged the body.
• Mohammed Habib Tijani, former District Chief Executive (DCE) of Yendi and one of prime suspects of Yaa-Naa's Murder. He is taught to be the mastermind behind the interruption in communications in Yendi on day of murder as well as preventing the police force moving in to save the King as he was under attack. A witness against him in court revealed he continuously lambasted the Yaa-Naa for being an arrogant person (by refusing to flee his Palace) and got himself killed as a result.{{cite web|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/298545/1/ex-dce-painted-ya-na-as-being-arrogant-witness-tel.html|title=Ex-DCE painted Ya-Na as being arrogant -Witness tells court|author=Ivy Benson |work=Ghanaian Chronicle |date=September 30, 2010|access-date=5 January 2014}}
• Major (rtd) Abubakar Suleimana, some survivors of the Yendi massacre identified Major Sulemana leading what is believed to be dozens of heavily armed Liberian mercenaries in the attack on the Yaa-Naa's palace. He was again spotted fleeing the country to Burkina Faso in the company of the Liberian mercenaries after the attack.
• Lieutenant General Joshua Mahamadu Hamidu, was arraign in court along with Major (rtd) Abubakar Suleimana for allegedly supplying arms and military assistance to Abudus, both of them were heads at National Security Advisory with Mr. Hamidu as the Chief of Defence Staff.
• Hackman Owusu-Agyeman. The former Interior minister is said to be in possession of a video of the murder of Yaa-Naa, but has not revealed any details about it.
• Supreme Court judge (2015) Justice Yaw Apau accused the media of over-publicizing the report about the murder. He proclaimed as false the report that the body parts of the late King was dismembered. He further rubbished the evidence that was made available to incriminate the suspects of the murder claiming the incidence was an act of war and as such one could not be found guilty of murder.{{cite news | url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/621001/1/yaa-naa-died-in-war-no-evidence-of-murder-against-.html | title=Yaa-Naa died in war; No evidence of murder against suspects- Justice Apau| work=Modernghana.com | date=2 June 2015 | agency=Myjoyonline.com | access-date=June 3, 2015}}
• Ministers Malik Al-Hassan Yakubu and Imoro Andani resigned as a result of the incident.{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1900215.stm|title=BBC News - AFRICA - Ghanaian ministers resign over king's death|website=news.bbc.co.uk|access-date=2017-03-30|date=2002-03-30}}

Yakubu II wielded authority over 2 million people aside from the administrative responsibilities the King of Dagbon traditionally has over acephalous groups like the Konkomba, Bimoba, Chekosi, Basaari, Chamba, Waala, Zantansi, and others.{{cite journal|title=From "Owo Crisis" to "Dagbon Dispute": Lessons in the Politicization of Chieftaincy Disputes In Modern Nigeria and Ghana |journal= The Round Table |volume= 97 |issue= 394 |pages= 47–60 |author= Isaac Olawale Albert |date=4 April 2008|doi= 10.1080/00358530701625976 |s2cid= 154681017 }}{{subscription required}}

Yaa-Naa Yakubu II attempted to improve the literacy rate in the Northern Region, where the majority of citizens could not read or write. Along with Dr. Abubakari Alhassan, he appealed to the Danish government for some support.{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200402230235.html|title=Ghana: Renewing the Agenda for Poverty Reduction in Ghana: The Roles of the Northern Intellectual|author=Sharif Yunus Abu-Bakr|website=AllAfrica|date=February 20, 2004|access-date=6 January 2014}}

File:A teacher at School for Life, a project in northern Ghana, April 2012 (8405073471).jpg began pilot operations in Yendi and Gushegu in 1995]]. In response to this, the Ghana Danish community, which eventually developed a Non-governmental organisation called School for Life, was established in 1995. School for life designed a free Educational program targeted at out-of-school children between the ages of eight and fourteen. The program expanded to cover twenty districts in Northern Ghana and has since benefited over 109,000 children (2004) who would otherwise have had no access to education.{{cite web| first1=Leslie |last1=Casely-Hayford |first2=Adom |last2=Baisie Ghartey|title= The Leap to Literacy and Life Change in Northern Ghana: An Impact Assessment of School for Life (SfL), Final Report |url=http://web.net/~afc/download2/Education/complimentary_edu_abridged.pdf|publisher= SfL Internal Impact Assessment Team|date=September 2007|access-date=21 March 2015}}

File:UDS Medical School.jpg]]

Yaa Naa Yakubu II was also instrumental in the establishment of the University for Development Studies in Northern Ghana. Plans to set up a university in northern Ghana had been planned since the regime of General Ignatius Kutu Acheampong (1972–1978), but had never been implemented. Yakubu II was unrelenting in his efforts to put pressure on the national government to establish the university. He led several protest delegations to Accra to meet leaders of the country. President Jerry John Rawlings, 10th Head of state of Ghana and good friend of Yakubu II finally cut sod for establishment of the university in 1992. Yakubu II was present at the occasion for that historic moment in Tamale. University for Development Studies now has campuses in Tamale, Nyankpala, Wa and Navrongo. It also has an annual intake of over six-thousand students.{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2013/11/04/uds-rejects-12822-undergraduate-applicants/|title=UDS rejects 12,822 undergraduate applicants|work=Ghana Business News|date=November 4, 2013|access-date=5 January 2014}}File:Entrance of the central administration block of the new University for Development Studies (UDS) in Tamale.jpg, Nyankpala, Wa and Navrongo]]

Between Yendi and Zabzugu, the river Sabali (a tributary of the White Volta) used to flood over its banks, making it difficult for people to transact business at the other side of the river, or transport their farm produce to the market across the river. In 1990, Yaa Naa Yakubu II asked the PNDC government to bridge the river. His request was granted and the river was bridged.

Yaa Naa Yakubu II realised that there was a need to elevate the divisional chiefs under him to the status of paramount chiefs. Paramount chiefs controlled a large area or province, whereas divisional chiefs controlled a small area such as a district or a village. Thus, between 1991 and 1993, he spent considerable time trying to accomplish this. Before he undertook this effort, Yaa Naa Yakubu II was the only paramount chief in the whole of Dagomba traditional area. He was the first chief among the then four paramount chiefs in the northern region to have undertaken this exercise. Yakubu II's own status was elevated to that of king. Even today, as a result of the Yaa Naa's efforts, there are fifty-five paramount chiefs in the Dagomba traditional area.

The creation of paramount chiefs motivated the Konkombas, who are under the domain of the Yaa-Naa, to request for their own system of paramount chiefs, to be created at Saboba. Initially, Yaa Naa Yakubu II refused to grant them this request, and this was one of the causes of skirmishes between Konkombas and Dagombas, later culminating into the 1994 Konkomba-Nanumba conflict. The war started at Nakpayili, in the Nanumba traditional area, and spread to the Dagomba and Gonja traditional areas. It claimed two thousand lives,{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} and numerous houses and properties were destroyed. Later, the Yaa Naa gave the Konkomba three paramount chiefs.

• Darimani (Kukra Adjei)
• [http://www.dagbon.net/yela/dagbonchieftaincy.pdf Blue print of Dagbon peace plan] (Natogmah Issahaku)

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Category:Murdered royalty

Category:1945 births

Category:Dagomba royalty

Category:2002 deaths

Category:Yaa Naa