Yakutiya (icebreaker)
{{short description|Russian nuclear icebreaker}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
| {{Infobox ship begin
|infobox caption= |display title= }} {{Infobox ship image |Ship image= |Ship image size= |Ship caption= }} {{Infobox ship career | Hide header = | Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Russia}} | Ship country=Russia | Ship name = Yakutiya (Yakutiya) | Ship namesake = Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | Ship owner = | Ship operator = FSUE Atomflot | Ship registry = Murmansk | Ship route = | Ship builder = Baltic Shipyard, Saint Petersburg | Ship original cost = Over RUB 100 billion (for two vessels) | Ship sponsor = Viktoria Abramchenko | Ship completed = 28 December 2024{{cite web|url=https://portnews.ru/news/372048/|title=На построенном ОСК атомном ледоколе «Якутия» поднят государственный флаг|language=ru|date=28 December 2024|access-date=28 December 2024}} | Ship in service = | Ship out of service = | Ship identification = * {{IMO Number|9911202}}{{csr|register=E|id=9911202|shipname=Yakutiya|accessdate=19 November 2022}} | Ship fate = | Ship status = In service | Ship notes = }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption={{cite web|url=http://www.rosatomflot.ru/flot/universalnyy-atomnyy-ledokol-proekta-22220/|title=Универсальный атомный ледокол проекта 22220|publisher=Rosatomflot|access-date=26 April 2020|language=ru|archive-date=26 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526134659/http://www.rosatomflot.ru/flot/universalnyy-atomnyy-ledokol-proekta-22220/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.aoosk.ru/en/products/multipurpose-nuclear-powered-icebreaker/|title=Multipurpose nuclear icebreaker project 22220|publisher=United Shipbuilding Corporation|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629085612/https://www.aoosk.ru/en/products/multipurpose-nuclear-powered-icebreaker/|url-status=live}} |Ship class=Project 22220 icebreaker |Ship tonnage= |Ship displacement=* {{convert|33,530|t|LT|abbr=on}} ({{abbr|dwl|design waterline}})
|Ship length=* {{convert|173.3|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (overall)
|Ship beam=* {{convert|34|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (maximum)
|Ship height={{convert|51.25|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}{{cite web|url=http://sudostroenie.info/novosti/28919.html|title=Как ледокол "Арктика" готовился к ходовым испытаниям|language=ru|publisher=Sudostroenie.info|date=15 December 2019|access-date=16 December 2019|archive-date=16 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216082004/http://sudostroenie.info/novosti/28919.html|url-status=live}} |Ship draft=* {{convert|10.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} ({{abbr|dwl|design waterline}})
|Ship depth={{convert|15.2|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} |Ship ice class= RMRS Icebreaker9 |Ship power=* Two RITM-200 nuclear reactors (2{{nbsp}}×{{nbsp}}175{{nbsp}}{{abbr|MWt|megawatts thermal}})
|Ship propulsion=* Nuclear-turbo-electric
|Ship speed=* {{convert|22|kn}}
|
| 2|kn}} in {{convert|2.8|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} ice
|Ship range= |Ship endurance=* 7 years (reactor fuel) |Ship capacity= |Ship crew=75 |Ship aircraft facilities=Helideck and hangar |Ship notes= }} |
Yakutiya ({{langx|ru|Якутия}}) is a Russian Project 22220 nuclear-powered icebreaker. Built by Baltic Shipyard in Saint Petersburg, the vessel was laid down in 2020, launched in 2022 and delivered in 2024.
Development and construction
= Background =
{{Main|Project 22220 icebreaker#Development}}
In the late 1980s,{{citation|last=Tsoy|first=L.G.|title=Не разучились ли наши судостроители проектировать ледоколы?|journal=Морской флот|issue=5|year=2012|language=ru}} the Russian research institutes and design bureaus developed a successor for the 1970s Arktika-class nuclear-powered icebreakers as part of a wider icebreaker fleet renewal program initiated shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.{{Citation|last1=Tsoy|first1=L.G.|last2=Stoyanov|first2=I.A.|last3=Mikhailichenko|first3=V.V.|last4=Livshits|first4=S.G.|contribution=Perspective types of Arctic icebreakers and their principal characteristics|year=1995|title=Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, 1995 (POAC'95)|volume=1|pages=13–26|contribution-url=http://www.poac.com/Papers/POAC95_V1_all.pdf|access-date=19 November 2022|archive-date=30 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730094029/https://www.poac.com/Papers/POAC95_V1_all.pdf|url-status=live}} The new 60-megawatt icebreaker, referred to using a type size series designation LK-60Ya,The type size series designation "LK-60Ya" ({{langx|ru|ЛК-60Я}}) comes from the Russian language word for "icebreaker" ({{langx|ru|text=ледокол|translit=ledokol}}), propulsion power (60 megawatts), and the first letter of the Russian word for "nuclear" ({{langx|ru|text=ядерное|translit=yadernoye}}). would feature a so-called dual-draft functionality which would allow the vessel to operate in shallow coastal areas after de-ballasting.{{Citation|last=Tsoy|first=L.G.|contribution=New generation Arktika class nuclear icebreaker feasibility study|year=1994|title=Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Ships and Marine Structures in Cold Regions, 1994 (ICETECH'95)|pages=P1–P8}} Although the preliminary designs had been developed almost two decades earlier, the LK-60Ya design was finalized in 2009 as Project 22220 by Central Design Bureau "Iceberg"{{cite web|url=https://www.motorship.com/news101/ships-and-shipyards/largest-icebreaker-construction-now-underway|title=Largest icebreaker construction now underway|date=26 January 2014|publisher=The Motorship|access-date=24 December 2019|archive-date=12 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812073223/https://www.motorship.com/news101/ships-and-shipyards/largest-icebreaker-construction-now-underway|url-status=live}} and the construction of the first vessel was awarded to Saint Petersburg-based Baltic Shipyard in August 2012.{{cite web|url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2012-news/august/552--baltic-shipyard-to-build-new-large-nuclear-powered-icebreaker-project-22220-lc-60ya.html|title=Baltic Shipyard to build new large nuclear-powered icebreaker (Project 22220 LC-60YA)|publisher=Navy Recognition|date=7 August 2012|access-date=24 December 2019|archive-date=19 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119215957/https://navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2012-news/august/552--baltic-shipyard-to-build-new-large-nuclear-powered-icebreaker-project-22220-lc-60ya.html|url-status=live}} Three additional contracts in May 2014, August 2019 and February 2023 have increased the number of Project 22220 icebreakers under construction or on order to seven.{{cite web|url=https://barentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2014/05/baltiysky-shipyard-build-three-new-icebreakers-2020-08-05|title=Baltiysky Shipyard to build three new icebreakers by 2020|publisher=Barents Observer|date=8 May 2014|accessdate=24 December 2019|archive-date=31 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331090316/https://barentsobserver.com/en/arctic/2014/05/baltiysky-shipyard-build-three-new-icebreakers-2020-08-05|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2019/08/russias-atomflot-orders-4th-5th-project-22220-nuclear-powered-icebreakers/|title=Russia's ATOMFLOT Orders 4th & 5th Project 22220 Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers|publisher=Naval News|date=11 August 2019|accessdate=24 December 2019|archive-date=30 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130045217/https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2019/08/russias-atomflot-orders-4th-5th-project-22220-nuclear-powered-icebreakers/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://rosatomflot.ru/press-centr/novosti-predpriyatiya/2023/02/03/11503-rosatomflot-zaklyuchil-kontrakt-na-stroitelstvo-pyatogo-i-shestogo-seriynyh-universalnyh-atomnyh-ledokolov/|title=Росатомфлот заключил контракт на строительство пятого и шестого серийных универсальных атомных ледоколов|language=ru|website=Rosatomflot|date=3 February 2023|accessdate=3 February 2023|archive-date=3 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203113048/http://rosatomflot.ru/press-centr/novosti-predpriyatiya/2023/02/03/11503-rosatomflot-zaklyuchil-kontrakt-na-stroitelstvo-pyatogo-i-shestogo-seriynyh-universalnyh-atomnyh-ledokolov/|url-status=live}}
= Construction =
On 23 August 2019, FSUE Atomflot signed a contract worth over 100 billion rubles (about US$1.5 billion) for the construction of two additional Project 22220 icebreakers with Baltic Shipyard. As before, the Saint Petersburg-based shipyard was the only bidder for the construction of the nuclear-powered icebreakers.{{cite web|url=https://en.portnews.ru/news/281452/|title=Baltiysky Zavod Shipyard wins contracts for LK 60 icebreaker duo|publisher=PortNews|date=6 August 2019|access-date=19 November 2022|archive-date=19 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119220006/https://en.portnews.ru/news/281452/|url-status=live}}
The keel of the fourth Project 22220 icebreaker was laid on 26 May 2020 and the vessel was launched on 22 November 2022. The vessel left for sea trials on 1 December 2024.{{cite web|url=https://sudostroenie.info/novosti/44021.html|title="Якутия" на ходовых: четвертый ледокол проекта 22220 вышел на испытания|language=ru|website=Sudostroenie.info|access-date=2 December 2024|date=2 December 2024}}
The icebreaker, named Yakutiya ({{langx|ru|Якутия}}) after the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), was reportedly delivered on 28 December 2024. However, instead of heading to the Arctic the vessel remained in the Gulf of Finland for additional trials and was also drydocked in Kronstadt in February 2025.{{cite web|url=https://www.korabel.ru/news/comments/atomnyy_ledokol_yakutiya_pribyl_v_kronshtadt.html|title=Атомный ледокол "Якутия" прибыл в Кронштадт|language=ru|trans-title=Nuclear icebreaker "Yakutia" arrived in Kronstadt|website=Korabel.ru|date=4 February 2025|accessdate=17 March 2025}} Yakutiya finally left the shipyard's outfitting quay and headed for its home port, Murmansk, on 6 April.{{cite web|url=https://portnews.ru/news/375557/|title=Атомный ледокол «Якутия» отправился с Балтийского завода ОСК в порт приписки Мурманск|trans-title=Nuclear icebreaker Yakutia departed from USC Baltic Shipyard to home port Murmansk|language=ru|website=PortNews|date=6 April 2025|accessdate=6 April 2025}}
Design
{{Main|Project 22220 icebreaker#Design}}
Yakutiya is {{convert|173.3|m|ft|0}} long overall and has a maximum beam of {{convert|34|m|ft}}. Designed to operate efficiently both in shallow Arctic river estuaries as well as along the Northern Sea Route, the draught of the vessel can be varied between about {{convert|9|and|10.5|m|ft|0}} by taking in and discharging ballast water, corresponding to a displacement between {{convert|25540|and|33530|t|LT}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.fontanka.ru/2022/02/02/70417997/|title=Испытание Дудинкой. «Сибирь» поборола лишний вес|language=ru|publisher=Fontanka.ru|date=2 February 2022|accessdate=2 February 2022|archive-date=2 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202133310/https://www.fontanka.ru/2022/02/02/70417997/|url-status=live}}
Yakutiya has a nuclear-turbo-electric powertrain. The onboard nuclear power plant consists of two 175{{nbsp}}{{abbr|MWt|megawatts thermal}} RITM-200 pressurized water reactors fueled by up to 20% enriched Uranium-235{{cite web|url=https://lynceans.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Marine-Nuclear-Power-1939-2018_Part-3A_R1_Russia_submarines.pdf|title=Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018|first=Peter|last=Lobner|accessdate=25 September 2021|archive-date=28 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428074833/https://lynceans.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Marine-Nuclear-Power-1939-2018_Part-3A_R1_Russia_submarines.pdf|url-status=live}} and two 36{{nbsp}}{{abbr|MWe|megawatts electric}} turbogenerators.{{cite web|url=http://www.okbm.nnov.ru/upload/iblock/99a/99a99ac98bb4a29bc538d90b3d8be7dc.pdf|title=Serving the nuclear machine building industry since 1945|publisher=JSC "Afrikantov OKBM"|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=27 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127142241/http://www.okbm.nnov.ru/upload/iblock/99a/99a99ac98bb4a29bc538d90b3d8be7dc.pdf|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://kzgroup.ru/eng/m/110/kirovsky_zavod_will_manufacture_a_steam-turbine_plant_for_the_worlds_largest_nuclear-powered_ice-br.html|title=Kirovsky Zavod Will Manufacture a Steam-Turbine Plant for the World's Largest Nuclear-Powered Ice-Breaker|publisher=Kirovsky Zavod|date=27 August 2013|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027033844/https://kzgroup.ru/eng/m/110/kirovsky_zavod_will_manufacture_a_steam-turbine_plant_for_the_worlds_largest_nuclear-powered_ice-br.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.ruselprom.ru/about/press-tsentr/novosti/turbogenerator-ruselproma-ustanovili-na-atomnyy-ledokol-/|title=Турбогенератор РУСЭЛПРОМА установили на атомный ледокол|language=ru|publisher=Ruselprom|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=30 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130182644/https://www.ruselprom.ru/about/press-tsentr/novosti/turbogenerator-ruselproma-ustanovili-na-atomnyy-ledokol-/|url-status=live}} The propulsion system follows the classic polar icebreaker pattern with three {{convert|6.2|m|ft|adj=on}} four-bladed propellers driven by {{convert|20|MW|hp|-3|adj=on}} electric motors.{{cite web|url=http://www.ruselprom.ru/about/press-tsentr/novosti/elektrodvigateli-ruselproma-pogruzheny-na-ledokol-sibir/|title=Электродвигатели "Русэлпрома" погружены на ледокол "Сибирь"|publisher=Ruselprom|language=ru|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207141203/https://www.ruselprom.ru/about/press-tsentr/novosti/elektrodvigateli-ruselproma-pogruzheny-na-ledokol-sibir/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/3222109|title="Звездочка" изготовила лопасти гребных винтов для головного атомного ледокола|language=ru|date=20 April 2016|access-date=26 April 2020|archive-date=19 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119220015/https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/3222109|url-status=live}} With a total propulsion power of {{convert|60|MW|hp}}, Yakutiya is designed to be capable of breaking {{convert|2.8|m|ft|0}} thick level ice at a continuous speed of {{convert|1.5|-|2|kn}} at full power when operating in deep water at design draught.
Notes
{{reflist|group=note}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{Nuclear-powered icebreakers}}
{{Nuclear surface ships}}