Yalova#History

The name Yalova is assumed to be a contraction of Yalıova.[http://www.tdk.gov.tr/TR/SozBul.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EF4376734BED947CDE&Kelime=yal%c4%b1 TDK Online – Yalı entry] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20071225191450/http://www.tdk.gov.tr/TR/SozBul.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFFAAF6AA849816B2EF4376734BED947CDE&Kelime=yal%C4%B1 |date=2007-12-25 }} Yalı means 'house at the coast' and ova means 'plain' in Turkish.

File:Ataturk and Fethi Okyar.jpg with Ali Fethi Okyar and Okyar's daughter in Yalova, on August 13, 1930]]

File:YalovaEarthquakeMonument_(7).JPG

File:Makhachkala_park_in_Yalova.jpg

File:Yalova_Seaside.JPG

{{redirect2|Pylae|Pylai|the town of ancient Cilicia|Pylae (Cilicia)}}

The first settlement in the region dates back to the Prehistoric Period, in around 3000 BC.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} The Hittites ruled the region in the 21st century BC,{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} followed by the Phrygians in the 13th century BC, and then the Greeks in the archaic, classical and Hellenistic eras. The region was conquered by the Romans in 74 BC. After the fall of the Roman Empire, it became part of the Byzantine Empire.

In Antiquity and for most of the Middle Ages, the town was known as Pylae or Pylai ({{langx|el|Πύλαι}}), which is Greek for "gates" since it was positioned at the start of one of the main routes to Asia for anyone crossing the Sea of Marmara into Bithynia from Europe.{{cite encyclopedia | last = Foss | first = Clive | title = Pylai | page = 1760 | editor-last=Kazhdan | editor-first=Alexander | editor-link=Alexander Kazhdan | year=1991 | encyclopedia = The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium | location = Oxford and New York | publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-504652-6 }}

In the Byzantine period the town retained some its importance due to its geographic location, and emperors frequently used it as a disembarkation point from Constantinople. Thus Emperor Heraclius landed here in 622, at the beginning of his counter-offensive against the Persians, and Romanos IV Diogenes did the same in 1071, on his way to the Battle of Manzikert. In the 9th century, the town was also the site of one of the beacons that transmitted news from the frontier with the Abbasid Caliphate, and contained an imperial hostel for travellers. In the late 10th century, however, Leo of Synada described Pylae as little more than a village, where cattle, horses, pigs and other animals were gathered to be shipped to Constantinople.

After their victory at Manzikert, the town and surrounding district were raided by the Seljuk Turks but soon recovered. In 1147 Greek refugees from Phrygia were settled here. In a 1199 charter of privileges granted to Venetian merchants, it is listed as a separate fiscal district (episkepsi) along with neighbouring Pythia Therma, and it was a separate province by the time of the Fourth Crusade (1204). Following the fall of Constantinople to the Crusaders, Pylae formed part of the Empire of Nicaea, and served as the main port for Nicaea itself. Pylae remained in Byzantine hands until ca. 1302, when Turkish attacks intensitied, forcing much of the population to abandon it and seek refuge in the Princes' Islands.

Shortly afterwards, Yalova was incorporated into the territory of the Ottoman Empire under the leadership of Orhan. It became part of the Sanjak of Kocaeli and was known successively as "Yalakabad" and "Yalıova". Since the second half of the 19th century, a large number of Avar immigrants from Dagestan moved into the town.

According to the Ottoman population statistics of 1914, the kaza of Yalova had a total population of 21,532, consisting of 10,274 Greeks, 7,954 Turks and 3,304 Armenians.Kemal Karpat (1985), [https://kupdf.net/downloadFile/59e4a7b908bbc56144e653d7 Ottoman Population, 1830–1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics], The University of Wisconsin Press, p. 184-185 On September 5, 1920, the city was captured by the Greek Army during the Greco-Turkish war, itself a part of the Turkish War of Independence.[https://web.archive.org/web/20190306013227/http://www.atam.gov.tr/dergi/sayi-54/kurtulus-savasi-doneminde-kocaeli-yalova-iznik-cevresinde-rum-ve-ermeni-teroru Kurtuluş Savaşı Döneminde Kocaeli-Yalova-İznik Çevresinde Rum ve Ermeni Terörü], Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi During the occupation by Greek forces, local Turkish and non-Turkish Muslim population were subjected to the Yalova Peninsula genocide. The Greeks and local collaborators terrorized the region and destroyed numerous villages, killing around 300 to 6,000 Muslim civilians. The massacres against the Muslim population ended when the Turkish Army recaptured Yalova on July 19, 1921.{{cite web |url=http://www.yalovamiz.com/article.php?id=3135 |title=Yalova'nın Düşman İşgalinden Kurtuluşu |website=www.yalovamiz.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004122932/http://www.yalovamiz.com/article.php?id=3135 |archive-date=2015-10-04}}

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk occasionally lived in Yalova in his later years, claiming in one of his speeches that “Yalova is my city.”{{Cite journal |last=Günalp |first=Özlem Salman |title=Yalova Benim Kentim |url=https://www.yalova.bel.tr/upload/yayinlar/Me2Oc0fBRBKo3UE.pdf |journal=Yalova Benim Kentim |publication-date=May 2015 |pages=55 (57 in PDF) |via=Yalova Belediyesi (Municipality of Yalova)}}

Yalova was initially the centre for the Karamürsel district of Kocaeli Province. In 1930 it became a district centre in Istanbul province after joining two villages from Orhangazi. Finally in 1995 it became a provincial capital.

In the town itself the only significant attraction is the so-called Yürüyen Köşkü (Walking Pavilon), a pretty waterside villa which was used by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the modern Turkey, during his visits. It takes its name from the fact that Atatürk preferred to have it dismantled and moved slightly rather than cut down a tree that was impeding the view as its grew.

The Yalova Earthquake Monument in the 17 August Park on the coast of Marmara Sea commemorates the thousands of lives lost in August 1999 when a huge earthquake devastated the north-west corner of Turkey which included Yalova.

Yalova is best known for the hot springs in the Termal district, which gets its name from the Greek word thermae ({{lang|grc|θερμαί}}) 'warm'. There appears to have been some sort of spa resort here since Byzantine times and the 17th-century travel writer Evliya Çelebi reported the existence of the Kurşunlu Banyo (Leaded Bath) at the time of his visit. The resort was expanded during the reign of Sultan Abdülhamid II and again during Atatürk's day.{{Cite web |title=TERMAL |url=http://www.turkeyfromtheinside.com/places-to-go/y/42-places-to-go/403-termal.html |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=www.turkeyfromtheinside.com}}

Also in Termal is the Atatürk Arboretum which is said to contain 1800 different species of plant. It was commissioned by Atatürk in 1929 and was the first arboretum in the country. {{Cite web |title=Türkiye'nin ilk arboretumu 'Atatürk Arboretumu' 89 yaşında |url=https://www.ntv.com.tr/seyahat/turkiyenin-ilk-arboretumu-ataturk-arboretumu-89-yasinda,qTTfYIAIlUC0fygVYLR39w |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=www.ntv.com.tr |language=tr}} A summer-house used by Atatürk is also open to the public in the grounds.{{Cite web |title=TERMAL |url=http://www.turkeyfromtheinside.com/places-to-go/y/42-places-to-go/403-termal.html |access-date=2022-10-06 |website=www.turkeyfromtheinside.com}}

Yalovaspor BK is a basketball club that represents Yalova in the Turkish Super League.

The local football team is Yalovaspor, which plays in the Turkish Regional Amateur League.File:Yalova-Sudüşen.jpg, Yalova]]

File:Üvezpınar,_77400_Termal-Yalova,_Turkey_-_panoramio_(3).jpg, Yalova]]

Yalova has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa, Trewartha: Cs), with cool, wet winters and hot, relatively dry summers.

Highest recorded temperature:{{Convert|42.1|C|F|abbr=on}} on 27 June 2007
Lowest recorded temperature:{{Convert|-11.0|C|F|abbr=on}} on 22 February 1985{{Cite web |url=https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=YALOVA |title=İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri |access-date=18 July 2024 |website=mgm.gov.tr |publisher=Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü |language=Turkish}}

{{Weather box

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|location = Yalova (1991–2020, extremes 1931–2023)

|Jan record high C = 25.9

|Feb record high C = 27.2

|Mar record high C = 32.0

|Apr record high C = 36.5

|May record high C = 37.0

|Jun record high C = 42.1

|Jul record high C = 39.2

|Aug record high C = 40.2

|Sep record high C = 37.5

|Oct record high C = 36.6

|Nov record high C = 32.8

|Dec record high C = 27.4

|year record high C = 42.1

|Jan high C = 10.3

|Feb high C = 11.2

|Mar high C = 13.5

|Apr high C = 17.6

|May high C = 22.5

|Jun high C = 27.1

|Jul high C = 29.8

|Aug high C = 30.1

|Sep high C = 26.2

|Oct high C = 21.1

|Nov high C = 16.3

|Dec high C = 12.0

|year high C = 19.8

|Jan mean C = 6.8

|Feb mean C = 7.2

|Mar mean C = 9.0

|Apr mean C = 12.6

|May mean C = 17.4

|Jun mean C = 21.9

|Jul mean C = 24.3

|Aug mean C = 24.5

|Sep mean C = 20.8

|Oct mean C = 16.5

|Nov mean C = 12.0

|Dec mean C = 8.6

|year mean C = 15.1

|Jan low C = 3.7

|Feb low C = 3.9

|Mar low C = 5.2

|Apr low C = 8.3

|May low C = 12.8

|Jun low C = 16.9

|Jul low C = 19.1

|Aug low C = 19.6

|Sep low C = 16.1

|Oct low C = 12.7

|Nov low C = 8.4

|Dec low C = 5.5

|year low C = 11.0

|Jan record low C = -9.6

|Feb record low C = -11.0

|Mar record low C = -7.4

|Apr record low C = -1.6

|May record low C = 1.2

|Jun record low C = 7.1

|Jul record low C = 10.0

|Aug record low C = 10.3

|Sep record low C = 6.0

|Oct record low C = 1.3

|Nov record low C = -3.2

|Dec record low C = -9.2

|year record low C = -11.0

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 84.6

|Feb precipitation mm = 68.7

|Mar precipitation mm = 73.9

|Apr precipitation mm = 51.3

|May precipitation mm = 39.0

|Jun precipitation mm = 47.4

|Jul precipitation mm = 22.0

|Aug precipitation mm = 34.5

|Sep precipitation mm = 52.9

|Oct precipitation mm = 93.7

|Nov precipitation mm = 75.9

|Dec precipitation mm = 105.0

|year precipitation mm = 748.9

|Jan precipitation days = 15.6

|Feb precipitation days = 13.67

|Mar precipitation days = 13.37

|Apr precipitation days = 10.87

|May precipitation days = 7.9

|Jun precipitation days = 6.37

|Jul precipitation days = 3.6

|Aug precipitation days = 3.73

|Sep precipitation days = 7.23

|Oct precipitation days = 11.43

|Nov precipitation days = 11.33

|Dec precipitation days = 15.2

|year precipitation days = 120.3

| Jan snow days =3.6

| Feb snow days =1.7

| Mar snow days =1

| Apr snow days =0

| May snow days =0

| Jun snow days =0

| Jul snow days =0

| Aug snow days =0

| Sep snow days =0

| Oct snow days =0

| Nov snow days =0.1

| Dec snow days =0.9

| year snow days =

| Jan humidity = 73.6

| Feb humidity = 73.1

| Mar humidity = 72.9

| Apr humidity = 72.1

| May humidity = 72.3

| Jun humidity = 70.7

| Jul humidity = 70.5

| Aug humidity = 72.3

| Sep humidity = 72.9

| Oct humidity = 77.1

| Nov humidity = 75.0

| Dec humidity = 72.8

| year humidity = 72.9

|Jan sun = 58.9

|Feb sun = 87.6

|Mar sun = 133.3

|Apr sun = 168.0

|May sun = 226.3

|Jun sun = 252.0

|Jul sun = 282.1

|Aug sun = 260.4

|Sep sun = 204.0

|Oct sun = 142.6

|Nov sun = 83.7

|Dec sun = 43.4

|year sun =

|Jand sun = 1.9

|Febd sun = 3.1

|Mard sun = 4.3

|Aprd sun = 5.6

|Mayd sun = 7.3

|Jund sun = 8.4

|Juld sun = 9.1

|Augd sun = 8.4

|Sepd sun = 6.8

|Octd sun = 4.6

|Novd sun = 2.7

|Decd sun = 1.4

|yeard sun = 5.3

|source 1= Turkish State Meteorological Service{{cite web

| url = https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=H&m=YALOVA

| title = Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)

| publisher = Turkish State Meteorological Service

| language = tr

| access-date = 24 April 2021}}

| source 2 = NOAA (humidity),{{cite web

|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Yalova_17119.csv

|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Yalova

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = January 17, 2024}} Meteomanz(snow days 2014-2023){{Cite web |url=http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=6290&ind=17119&m1=01&y1=2000&m2=07&y2=2024 |title=Yalova - Weather data by months |access-date=18 July 2024 |website=meteomanz}}

}}

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey}}

Yalova is twinned with:{{cite web |title=Kardeş Şehirler|url=http://www.yalova.bel.tr/belediyemiz/kardes-sehirler|website=yalova.bel.tr|publisher=Yalova|language=tr|access-date=2020-01-17}}

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}

• {{flagicon|GEO}} Batumi, Georgia
• {{flagicon|UKR}} Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Ukraine
• {{flagicon|MNE}} Budva, Montenegro
• {{flagicon|RUS}} Khasavyurt, Russia
• {{flagicon|GRC}} Komotini, Greece
• {{flagicon|CYP}} Kyrenia, Cyprus
• {{flagicon|CYP}} Lefkoniko, Cyprus
• {{flagicon|RUS}} Makhachkala, Russia
• {{flagicon|ROU}} Medgidia, Romania
• {{flagicon|SRB}} Novi Pazar, Serbia
• {{flagicon|MKD}} Ohrid, North Macedonia
• {{flagicon|CHN}} Panjin, China
• {{flagicon|KOS}} Peja, Kosova
• {{flagicon|GER}} Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany
• {{flagicon|BUL}} Smolyan, Bulgaria
• {{flagicon|KOR}} Suwon, South Korea
• {{flagicon|JPN}} Tonami, Japan
• {{flagicon|BIH}} Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
• {{flagicon|CRO}} Trogir, Croatia

{{div col end}}

• Sarkis Minassian – Armenian journalist, killed in the Armenian genocide
• Muharrem İnce – Turkish politician
• İzel – Turkish singer
• Mehmet Okur – Turkish NBA basketball player
• Şebnem Ferah – Turkish singer
• Vefa Salman – Turkish politician
• Barbaros Binicioglu - Turkish politician

{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}

• [http://wowturkey.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=5047 Yalova photographs]
• [http://www.yalova.org/ Yalova / INFO]
• [https://goturkey.com/en/city/detail/yalova Visit Yalova]
• [http://yafod.org.tr/ Yalova Fotograf Amatörleri Dernegi YAFOD Yalova photographs]
• [http://www.yalovapansiyon.com Yalova Hotels Guide]

{{Yalova District}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Port cities of the Sea of Marmara

Category:Seaside resorts in Turkey

Category:Fishing communities in Turkey

Category:Populated places in Yalova Province

Category:Yalova District

Category:Provincial municipalities in Turkey