Yasaka Shrine

{{Short description|Shinto shrine in Gion District, Kyoto, Japan}}

{{Infobox religious building

| name = {{nihongo|Yasaka Shrine|八坂神社|Yasaka-jinja}}

| image = Yasaka jinja.jpg

| caption = Yasaka Shrine

| map_type = Japan

| map_alt =

| coordinates = {{coord|35|00|13|N|135|46|43|E|region:JP_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title,inline}}

| map_relief =

| map_size =

| map_caption =

| religious_affiliation = Shinto

| type =

| deity = Susanoo-no-Mikoto{{efn|Originally Gozu Tenno}}

Yashimajinumi

| founded_by =

| established = 656

| date_destroyed =

| location = Gion, Kyoto, Japan

| website =

| architecture_style = {{ill|Gion zukuri|ja|祇園造}}

| festival =

| leadership =

}}

{{nihongo|Yasaka Shrine|八坂神社|Yasaka-jinja}}, once called {{nihongo|Gion Shrine|祇園神社|Gion-jinja}}, is a Shinto shrine in the Gion District of Kyoto, Japan. Situated at the east end of Shijō-dōri (Fourth Avenue), the shrine includes several buildings, including gates, a main hall and a stage. The Yasaka shrine is dedicated to Susanoo in the tradition of the Gion faith as its chief kami, with his consort Kushinadahime on the east, and eight offspring deities (yahashira no mikogami) on the west. The yahashira no mikogami include Yashimajinumi no kami, Itakeru no kami, Ōyatsuhime no kami, Tsumatsuhime no kami, Ōtoshi no kami, Ukanomitama no kami, Ōyatsuhiko no kami, and Suseribime no mikoto.{{Cite web |date=21 April 2005 |title=Mikogami |url=http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=13 |access-date=29 September 2019 |website=Encyclopedia of Shinto|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930212535/http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=13 |archive-date=2007-09-30 }}

History

Initial construction on the Shrine began in 656. The Shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early Heian period.Breen, John et al. (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=MADlfH002mAC&q=oharano Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami, pp. 74-75.]

According to the Engishiki Jinmyocho, the much lesser known Nunakuma Shrine in Fukuyama is the source by which Gozu Tenno entered Yasaka Shrine through Kanjo.{{Cite journal |last=Faure |first=Bernard |date=2021-01-01 |title=GODS OF MEDIEVAL JAPAN - Vol. 3 |url=https://www.academia.edu/60480771/GODS_OF_MEDIEVAL_JAPAN_Vol_3_Rage_and_Ravage |journal=Rage and Ravage}}{{Rp|page=124}}

In 965, Emperor Murakami ordered that Imperial messengers be sent to report important events to the guardian kami of Japan. These heihaku were initially presented to 16 shrines;Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). Studies in Shinto and Shrines, pp. 116-117. and in 991, Emperor Ichijō added three more shrines to Murakami's list. Three years later in 994, Ichijō refined the scope of that composite list by adding Umenomiya Shrine and Gion Shrine.Ponsonby-Fane, Shrines, p. 118.

From 1871 through 1946, Yasaka Shrine was officially designated one of the {{nihongo|Kanpei-taisha|官幣大社}}, meaning that it stood in the first rank of government supported shrines.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 126.

Matsuri

In the year 869, a terrible epidemic caused the Emperor to call for a Shinto ritual to appease vengeful spirits believed to be the cause. Representatives used 66 pikes (hoko or 鉾) for each of 66 regions in the country at that time, in a Shinto ritual called goryo-e (御霊会) at Shinsenen, a lake at the Imperial Palace at that time. Eventually, the ritual became an annual event known as the Gion Goryo-e, and then the Gion Matsuri, associated with Gion Shrine, in the Gion district of Kyoto. The pikes became decorated, larger, and eventually morphed into the famous Gion Matsuri yamaboko (山鉾) floats.{{cite book |last1=Pawasarat |first1=Catherine |title=The Gion Festival: Exploring Its Mysteries |date=July 2020 |publisher=Independent |isbn=978-0-9985886-6-7 |edition=1st |url=https://www.gionfestival.org/book |access-date=2 December 2022}} These travel through the central streets of Kyoto, as do mikoshi (portable shrines) from Yasaka Shrine, to purify the streets and ward off any potential epidemics or other harm. The Gion Matsuri takes place every July.

Today, in addition to hosting the Gion Matsuri, Yasaka Shrine welcomes thousands of people every New Year, for traditional Japanese New Year rituals and celebrations. In April, the crowds pass through the temple on their way to Maruyama Park, a popular hanami (cherry blossom viewing) site. Lanterns decorate the stage with the names of festival sponsors.

Gallery

Image:Yasaka Shrine 01.jpg|Main gate of the Yasaka shrine.

Image:Yasaka_Shrine_Kyoto.png|Stage at night during the annual Gion Matsuri.

Image:YasakaShrine1.jpg|Crowds during the Gion Matsuri.

Image:YasakaShrine2.jpg|A statue outside of the shrine.

Image:YasakaShrine3.jpg|The mikoshi of the Yasaka shrine, displayed for part of the Gion Matsuri in the second week of July.{{cite book |last1=Pawasarat |first1=Catherine |title=The Gion Festival: Exploring Its Mysteries |date=July 2020 |publisher=Independent |isbn=978-0-9985886-6-7 |page=28 |edition=1st |url=https://www.gionfestival.org/book |access-date=2 December 2022}}

Notes

References

Breen, John and Mark Teeuwen. (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=MADlfH002mAC&q=nijunisha Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami.] Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8248-2363-4}}
Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tjEvAAAAYAAJ&q=Studies+in+Shinto+and+Shrines Studies in Shinto and Shrines.] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/3994492 OCLC 399449]
____________. (1959). [https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan The Imperial House of Japan.] Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/194887 OCLC 194887]