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Yeast mitochondrial code

{{Short description|An alternative genetic code found in the mitochondrial genome of yeasts}}

The yeast mitochondrial code (translation table 3) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of yeasts, notably Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, Hansenula saturnus, and Kluyveromyces thermotolerans.

The code

:   AAs = FFLLSSSSYY**CCWWTTTTPPPPHHQQRRRRIIMMTTTTNNKKSSRRVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG

:Starts = ---M---------------M---------------M---------------M------------

: Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

: Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG

: Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG

Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).

Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Valine (Val, V).

Differences from the standard code

class="wikitable" style="border: none; text-align: center;"

|+

DNA codonsRNA codonsThis code (3)style="border: none; width: 1px;" |Standard code (1)
ATAAUAstyle="background-color:#ffe75f;" | Met (M)style="border: none; width: 1px;" |style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | Ile (I)
CTTCUUstyle="background-color:#b3dec0;" | Thr (T)style="border: none; width: 1px;" |style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | Leu (L)
CTCCUCstyle="background-color:#b3dec0;" | Thr (T)style="border: none; width: 1px;" |style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | Leu (L)
CTACUAstyle="background-color:#b3dec0;" | Thr (T)style="border: none; width: 1px;" |style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | Leu (L)
CTGCUGstyle="background-color:#b3dec0;" | Thr (T)style="border: none; width: 1px;" |style="background-color:#ffe75f;" | Leu (L)
TGAUGAstyle="background-color:#ffe75f;" | Trp (W)style="border: none; width: 1px;" |style="background-color:#B0B0B0;" | STOP = Ter (*)
CGACGAstyle="background-color:#5ff7ff;" | Absentstyle="border: none; width: 1px;" |style="background-color:#bbbfe0;" | Arg (R)
CGCCGCstyle="background-color:#5ff7ff;" | Absentstyle="border: none; width: 1px;" |style="background-color:#bbbfe0;" | Arg (R)

  • The remaining CGN codons are rare in Saccharomyces cerevisiae{{Cite journal|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/77/6/3167.full.pdf |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA|volume=77|issue=6|pages=3167–3170|date= June 1980|title=Codon recognition rules in yeast mitochondria|author=Susan G. Bonitz, Roberta Berlani, Gloria Coruzzi, May Li, Giuseppe Macino, Francisco G. Nobrega, Marina P. Nobrega, Arbara E. Thalenfeld and Alexander Tzagoloff|doi=10.1073/pnas.77.6.3167|pmid=6997870|pmc=349575|bibcode=1980PNAS...77.3167B|doi-access=free}} and absent in Candida glabrata.
  • The AUA codon is common in the gene var1 coding for the single mitochondrial ribosomal protein, but rare in genes encoding the enzymes.
  • The coding assignments of the AUA (Met or Ile) and CUU (possibly Leu, not Thr) are uncertain in Hansenula saturnus.
  • The coding assignment of Thr to CUN is uncertain in Kluyveromyces thermotolerans.

==See also==

References

{{NLM content}}{{cite web | first1 = Andrzej | last1 = Elzanowski | first2 = Jim | last2 = Ostell | first3 = Detlef | last3 = Leipe | first4 = Vladimir | last4 = Soussov | name-list-style = vanc |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/taxonomyhome.html/index.cgi?chapter=tgencodes#thetop |title= The Genetic Codes|access-date=30 April 2015 | work = Taxonomy browser | publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), U.S. National Library of Medicine }}

{{Reflist|refs=

{{Cite journal | pmid = 8083884 | year = 1994 | last1 = Clark-Walker | first1 = G. D. | last2 = Weiller | first2 = G. F. | title = The structure of the small mitochondrial DNA of Kluyveromyces thermotolerans is likely to reflect the ancestral gene order in fungi | journal = Journal of Molecular Evolution | volume = 38 | issue = 6 | pages = 593–601 | doi=10.1007/bf00175879

| bibcode = 1994JMolE..38..593C | s2cid = 10510397 }}

}}

Category:Molecular genetics

Category:Gene expression

Category:Protein biosynthesis