Yesh Atid

{{Short description|Israeli political party}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}

{{Infobox political party

| logo = Yesh Atid logo.svg

| logo_size = 200

| colorcode = {{party color|Yesh Atid}}

| leader = Yair Lapid

| foundation = {{start date|2012|4|29|df=y}}

| ideology = {{ubl|class=nowrap|

| Liberalism

| Liberal Zionism{{refn|{{cite news |author=Carlo Strenger |author-link=Carlo Strenger

|url=https://www.haaretz.com/2014-03-07/ty-article/.premium/israel-today-a-society-without-a-center/0000017f-f7c8-d887-a7ff-ffec82200000|title=Israel today: a society without a center |website=Haaretz|url-access=subscription|date=7 March 2014 |access-date=14 March 2024}}{{cite news|title=Theater Review: Israeli Stage's "The Hearing" — Academic Freedom, Under Pressure|date=27 November 2017|work=The Arts Fuse|quote=the centrist liberal-Zionist Yesh Atid Party|url=https://artsfuse.org/165690/theater-review-israeli-stages-the-hearing-academic-freedom-under-pressure/}}}}

| Anti-clericalism{{Cite journal|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17457289.2020.1727483|doi = 10.1080/17457289.2020.1727483|title = Unnatural partners: Coalescence in Israeli local government|year = 2020|last1 = Tuttnauer|first1 = Or|last2 = Friedman|first2 = Avital|journal = Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties|volume = 30|issue = 3|pages = 358–378|s2cid = 214067041}}

| Two-state solution{{cite news|title=Yair Lapid to Al Majalla: A Palestinian state will be delayed significantly, but the idea not dead|date=19 December 2023|work=Al Majalla|quote=On whether the two-state solution has become a byword for diplomatic failure, the seasoned politician, who served as prime minister in 2022 and finance minister in 2014, has disagreed, arguing that the Palestinians should have a state, govern themselves, and live with dignity.|url=https://en.majalla.com/node/306531/politics/yair-lapid-al-majalla-palestinian-state-will-be-delayed-significantly-idea-not}}{{cite news|title=Knesset Elections 2021: A Guide to Israel's Political Parties|date=10 March 2021|work=Israel Policy Forum|quote=Yair Lapid has endorsed “separation” from the Palestinians and described the two-state solution as “the only game in town” when it comes to resolving the conflict.|url=https://israelpolicyforum.org/2021/03/10/knesset-elections-2021-a-guide-to-israels-political-parties/}}

| Secularism

}}

| headquarters = Tel Aviv

| national = Blue & White
(2019–2020)

| international = Liberal International

| website = {{URL|1=https://www.yeshatid.org.il/?languagecode=en|2=yeshatid.org.il}}

| country = Israel

| native_name = {{No bold|{{Script/Hebrew|יש עתיד}}}}

| native_name_lang = he

| position = Centre{{cref|A}}

| colours = {{colour box|{{party color|Yesh Atid}}|border=silver}} Blue
{{colour box|#ed780c|border=silver}} Orange

| seats1_title = Knesset{{efn|name=Roll}}

| seats1 = {{Composition bar|23|120|hex={{party color|Yesh Atid}}}}

| symbol = {{Script/Hebrew|פה}}
{{Script/Arabic|ف‌ه}}
{{Cite web|url=https://bechirot24.bechirot.gov.il/election/Candidates/Pages/OneListCandidates.aspx?LPF=Search&WebId=6adadc15-e476-480b-9746-04490aedeb0f&ListID=ba72a662-765c-45af-9d48-fb68080956af&ItemID=183&FieldID=ListNickname_GxS_Text|title=יש עתיד בראשות יאיר לפיד|website=Central Election Committee for the Knesset|access-date=2021-06-14|language=he}}

| slogan = באנו לשנות
('We are here to change')

| footnotes = {{cnote|A|The party has also been evaluated as centre-left{{refn|

  • {{cite book|editor=Colin Shindler |title=The Hebrew Republic: Israel's Return to History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FwolDwAAQBAJ&dq=centre-right+Yesh+Atid&pg=PA340 |quote=On the other hand, the broad centre Left of the Zionist Union, Yesh Atid and Meretz only account for another forty seats, while another thirteen represent the united Arab parties. |date=2017 |page=340 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9781442265974}}
  • {{cite book|editor=Eithan Orkibi, Manfred Gerstenfeld |title=Israel at the Polls 2015: A Moment of Transformative Stability |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFoPEAAAQBAJ&dq=centre-right+Yesh+Atid&pg=PA86 |quote= The Centre-Left party Yesh Atid placed a former ISA head at number five, while the Centre-Right Kulanu party awarded number two spot to a Major General in reserves who left the army within the last decade. This was the first time that ... |date=2014 |page=86 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781351794640}}
  • {{cite news |author= Jonathan Lis |date=January 27, 2021 |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/.premium-lapid-s-campaign-to-focus-on-netanyahu-s-covid-failures-without-targeting-haredim-1.9486046/ |title= Yair Lapid's Campaign to Focus on Netanyahu's COVID Failures Without Targeting His Haredi Partners|access-date=25 December 2021}}
  • {{cite book|editor=Witt Raczka |title=Unholy Land: In Search of Hope in Israel/Palestine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RmnmCgAAQBAJ&dq=centre-left+Yesh+Atid&pg=PA381 |quote= ... Yesh Atid, ideologically close to the center-left, obtained an additional 12 percent of votes, while the rightist Likud just 18 percent. In the nearby community of Kfar Shmaryahu (across from Herzliya Pituach), one of the wealthiest in ... |date=2015 |page=381 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780761866732 }}
  • {{cite book|editor1=Reuven Y. Hazan |editor2=Alan Dowty |title=The Oxford Handbook of Israeli Politics and Society |date=2021 |page=204 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}
  • {{cite book|editor=Eithan Orkibi, Manfred Gerstenfeld |title=Israel at the Polls 2015: A Moment of Transformative Stability |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFoPEAAAQBAJ&dq=centre-left+Yesh+Atid&pg=PA86 |quote= ... The Centre-Left party Yesh Atid placed a former ISA head at number five, while the Centre-Right Kulanu party awarded number two spot to a Major General in reserves who left the army within the last decade. This was the first time that ... |date=2018 |page=86 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781351794640}}}} and centre-right.

}}

}}

Yesh Atid ({{langx|he|יֵשׁ עָתִיד}}, {{lit|There Is a Future}}) is a centrist{{cite book|author=Sunil K. Choudhary|title=The Changing Face of Parties and Party Systems: A Study of Israel and India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3MzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA193|year=2018|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-981-10-5175-3|page=193}}{{cite news|url=https://www.dw.com/en/israels-fragile-coalition-faces-early-survival-test/a-57766097 |title=Israel's fragile coalition faces early survival test |quote=In the last hour before a midnight deadline expired, Yair Lapid, leader of the centrist Yesh Atid party and mandated to form a new coalition, informed Israel's President Reuven Rivlin that he had succeeded in forming a government. |work=Deutsche Welle |date=3 June 2021 |access-date=18 January 2021}} political party in Israel. It was founded in 2012 by former TV journalist Yair Lapid, the son of the former Shinui party politician and Israeli Justice Minister Tommy Lapid.

In 2013 the first election it contested in, Yesh Atid placed second, winning 19 seats in the 120-seat Knesset.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/23/world/middleeast/yair-lapid-guides-yesh-atid-party-to-success-in-israeli-elections.html |title=Charismatic Leader Helps Israel Turn Toward the Center |last=Kershner |first=Isabel |author-link=Isabel Kershner |date=23 January 2013|work=The New York Times |pages=A10 |access-date=23 January 2013}}{{cite news |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/key-parties-israeli-elections-0 |title=Key parties in Israeli elections |website=Associated Press |date=22 January 2013 |access-date=14 June 2015 |archive-date=7 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107075010/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/key-parties-israeli-elections-0 |url-status=dead }} It then entered into a coalition led by the Likud party. In the 2015 election the party refused to back the Likud; after suffering a significant setback and losing seats it joined the opposition.

On 21 February 2019, Yesh Atid united with the Israel Resilience Party to form a centrist alliance named Blue and White for the upcoming election.{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/after-marathon-talks-gantz-lapid-agree-party-merger-in-challenge-to-netanyahu/|title=After marathon talks Gantz, Lapid agree party merger in challenge to Netanyahu|work=The Times of Israel|language=en-US|access-date=21 February 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/united-gantz-lapid-party-to-be-called-blue-and-white-no-women-in-top-6/|title=United Gantz-Lapid party to be called 'Blue and White'; no women in top 6|author=Staff writer|author-link=Staff writer|work=The Times of Israel|language=en-US|access-date=21 February 2019}} Yesh Atid and Telem left the alliance on 29 March 2020 and formed an independent faction in the Knesset.{{Cite news |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/knesset-panel-okays-breakup-of-blue-and-white-gantz-keeps-name/|title=Knesset panel okays breakup of Blue and White; Gantz keeps name|author=Raoul Wootliff |work=The Times of Israel |date=29 March 2020 |access-date=29 March 2020}} Yesh Atid ran in the 2021 election alone and won 17 seats, the second-largest party in the Knesset, making up the largest party in Israel's governing coalition at the time, with party leader Yair Lapid serving as Prime Minister in 2022.

In the 2022 elections Yesh Atid won 24 seats, more than in any previous election, but was unable to form a government. Likud, led by Benjamin Netanyahu, formed a government, with Yesh Atid returning to opposition.

Origins

File:Yair Lapid (D1237-011).jpg announced that he was leaving journalism for politics.{{cite news |author=Ophir Bar-Zohar |author2=Jonathan Lis |author3=Gili Izikovich |author4=Nati Toker |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/veteran-israeli-anchor-yair-lapid-leaves-channel-2-to-enter-politics-1.406168 |title=Veteran Israeli anchor Yair Lapid leaves Channel 2 to enter politics |work=Haaretz |date=8 January 2012 |access-date=8 January 2012}}]]In early 2010, speculation arose in the Israeli media concerning the possibility that Israeli journalist and television figure Yair Lapid, who at the time worked as a news anchor at Channel 2, would end his career in journalism and begin a career in Israeli politics. Initially, Lapid dismissed these reports.{{cite news |author=Judy Shalom |url=http://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1000656744 |newspaper=Globes |script-title=he:יאיר לפיד: "אני בדרך לפוליטיקה? זו שטות מוחלטת" |trans-title=Yair Lapid: "I'm in politics? Complete nonsense" |language=he |date=22 June 2011 |access-date=19 September 2013}}{{cite news |author=Pinchas Wolf |author2=Emily Grunzweig |website=Walla! |url=http://news.walla.co.il/?w=/9/1874725 |script-title=he:האם מתגבשת רשימה של יאיר לפיד לכנסת? |trans-title=Is a list of Yair Lapid to the Knesset forming? |language=he |date=7 November 2011 |access-date=19 September 2013}} The Knesset initiated legislation to lessen the influx of Israeli journalists running for a position by prohibiting them as candidates in the first year after they ended their journalism careers.{{cite news |author=Ophir Bar-Zohar |url=http://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/1.1596934 |script-title=he:ניסיון להשיב את "חוק לפיד" להליך החקיקה |trans-title=Attempt to restore the "Lapid Law" to proceed legislatively |newspaper=Haaretz |language=he |date=20 December 2011 |access-date=19 September 2013}} Despite widespread interest in Lapid, he declined to be interviewed.

He gained support through social networks, primarily his Facebook page. Among his official announcements, Lapid said he would not join Kadima or the Israeli Labor Party. In addition, Lapid announced that he would work to change the system of government, have all Israelis conscripted to serve time in the army, and would work to change the Israeli matriculation program.{{cite news |author=Attila Somfalvi |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4273225,00.html |title=Lapid's education plan: No politics, fewer finals |work=Ynet |date=26 August 2012}} In early January 2012, Lapid officially announced that he would quit journalism in order to enter politics, and that he would lead a new party.{{cite news |author=Roz Shachnik |newspaper=Ynet |url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4172789,00.html |script-title=he:יאיר לפיד בדרך לפוליטיקה: פורש מחדשות 2 |language=he |trans-title=Yair Lapid in politics: news Channel 2 |date=8 January 2012|access-date=19 September 2013}}

In April 2012, the proposed new party was reported to be named "Atid". Lapid said that the party would not have any members who were legislators or Members of Knesset (MKs). On 29 April, Lapid registered his party as "Yesh Atid", after the name "Atid" was rejected.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} On 1 May, the first party conference was held, in which Lapid revealed the "Lapid Program" ("תוכנית לפיד"): military service for all Israelis.{{cite news |author=Ophir Bar-Zohar |author2=Yair Ettinger |url=http://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politi/1.1697918 |script-title=he:לפיד מציג את משנתו |trans-title=Lapid presents his changes |newspaper=Haaretz |language=he |date=1 May 2012 |access-date=19 September 2013}} According to the party's rules, Lapid would determine the candidates who would run for a seat in the Knesset—for he would be the one to make the final decisions on political issues—and was guaranteed the position of chairman of the party during the terms of the 19th and 20th Knessets.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} The party was capped at raising 13.5 million shekels for the 2013 Israeli legislative election.{{cite news |url=http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=266158 |title=Yair Lapid looks to the future with new Atid party |last=Hoffman |first=Gil |date=15 April 2012 |work=The Jerusalem Post |access-date=16 April 2012}}

Lapid has said his party is different from his late father's Shinui, in part because of its diversity and its inclusion of religious figures.{{cite news |author=David Shamah |date=22 February 2012 |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/live-blogging-from-the-mit-forum-at-tel-aviv-university-featuring-yair-lapid/ |title=Yair Lapid: I don't want to be prime minister, but I would take education if offered |newspaper=The Times of Israel |access-date=14 June 2015}}{{cite news |author=Josef Federman |url=https://apnews.com/19ca4a225a66485faf438fc3fcaafce7 |title=AP Interview: Charismatic Lapid Revives Israel Vote Campaign |website=Associated Press |date=5 March 2013 |access-date=14 June 2015}} Despite this, analysts have found them somewhat similar.{{cite news |author=Haviv Rettig Gur |date=22 January 2013 |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahus-headaches-may-only-just-be-beginning/ |title=Netanyahu's headaches may only just be beginning |newspaper=The Times of Israel |access-date=14 June 2015}}{{cite news |author=Amos Idan |date=21 January 2013 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/israeli-elections-2013/what-s-in-a-slogan-1.495435 |title=What's in a slogan? |access-date=14 June 2015}}{{cite news |author=Josh Block |url=http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2013/01/23/israels-elections-confound-critics/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125052633/http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2013/01/23/israels-elections-confound-critics/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 January 2013 |title=Israel's elections confound critics |website=CNN |date=23 January 2013 |access-date=14 June 2015}}

File:Yesh_Atid_21.png

Yesh Atid presented centrist populism to its middle and upper-middle class constituency,{{cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305264381|title=The Oxford Handbook of Populism|chapter=Populism and Social Movements|page=313|year=2017|quote=In Israel, Yair Lapid, a former news anchor, formed the Yesh Atid party in April, 2012, to repackage the populist cause of the J14 for the Israeli middle and upper-middle class, winning a considerable share of the vote in the next elections (Craig, 2015).}}{{Cite web|url=http://ia-forum.org/Files/JDYGYG.pdf|title=The Role of Media in Populist Movements}} with anti-incumbent messages and calls for cleaner politics, similar to so-called "new/centrist populist parties" that have arisen in Europe.{{Cite web|url=https://scholars.huji.ac.il/sites/default/files/tenenboim-weinblattkeren/files/16_israel.pdf|title=16. Israel. Right-Wing Populism and Beyond|website=Hebrew University of Jerusalem}} Yesh Atid voters tend to have higher levels of income and education compared to the general population, and hold moderate views on economic and security issues.{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozaTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA216|title=Populist Political Communication in Europe|page=216|chapter=Israel: Right-Wing Populism and Beyond|isbn=9781317224747|last1=Aalberg|first1=Toril|last2=Esser|first2=Frank|last3=Reinemann|first3=Carsten|last4=Stromback|first4=Jesper|last5=Vreese|first5=Claes De|date=July 2016|publisher=Routledge }}{{cite news |url=https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/israel-middle-east/articles/yair-lapid-interview-may-2020|title=Q&A: Israeli Opposition Leader Yair Lapid|last=Rosenberg |first=Yair|date=27 May 2020}}

19th Knesset

File:YeshAtidLogo.svg]]

In the election held on 22 January 2013, Yesh Atid won the second-largest share of representation in the Knesset, with 19 seats.{{cite news |last=Hoffman |first=Gil |url=http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=300633 |title=Left and Right in dead heat with most votes counted|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=23 January 2013|access-date=19 September 2013}} The party was particularly strong in wealthy districts and cities like Tel Aviv, Givatayim, Ramat Gan and Herzliya.{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/business/the-wealthy-minions-of-yair-lapid.premium-1.496599 |title=The wealthy minions of Yair Lapid |author=Eytan Avriel |newspaper=Haaretz |date=27 January 2013 |access-date=14 June 2015}} Yesh Atid's success was viewed as the largest surprise of the election, as pre-election polling gave the party only 8-11 seats. He joined Netanyahu's governing coalition. Although he focused mostly on domestic and economic concerns of social justice, he had criticized Netanyahu's foreign policy and said he would not sit in a government that was not serious about pursuing peace.{{cite news |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/israeli-seeks-interim-deal-palestinians |title=Israeli seeks interim deal with Palestinians |author=Josef Federman |website=Associated Press |date=19 May 2013 |access-date=14 June 2015}}{{cite news |author=Joel Greenberg |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/new-israeli-political-star-champions-middle--class/2013/01/23/83b17ff0-6589-11e2-85f5-a8a9228e55e7_story.html |title=New Israeli political star champions middle-class |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=23 January 2013 |access-date=14 June 2015}}

Lapid endorsed Netanyahu for prime minister after the election, and on 15 March 2013, the party signed a coalition agreement with the ruling Likud party.

Almost one year after the election, a survey was published showing a continuing trend of decreasing popularity of the party, which would only achieve 10 seats in the Knesset, as opposed to the 19 party members who were elected, if elections were held at that time, and with 75% of those polled claiming to be disappointed by Lapid's performance.{{cite news |author=Lilach Weissman |date=26 December 2013 |title=75% dissatisfied with Lapid's performance |url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000904942&fid=1725 |newspaper=Globes |access-date=26 December 2013}} The finance ministry post came with budgetary restrictions (cutting spending, raising taxes, and confronting the money demands of the defense ministry) that affected Lapid's popularity.{{cite news |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/02/09/yair-lapid-seeks-2nd-chance-to-be-face-of-israels-future |title=Rising star or flash in pan? Yair Lapid seeks 2nd chance to be fresh face of Israel's future |author=Aron Heller |agency=Associated Press |work=U.S. News & World Report |date=9 February 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015}}

20th Knesset

=Run-up to the 2015 election=

Before the 2015 election, Lapid separately courted both Tzipi Livni (Hatnuah) and Moshe Kahlon (Kulanu) in an effort to form electoral alliances with their respective parties. Both efforts were unsuccessful: Livni formed an alliance with Labor, and Kahlon preferred to run alone.{{cite news |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4601379,00.html |title=Lapid follows Herzog's lead and courts Livni |author=Moran Azulay |website=Ynetnews |date=9 December 2014 |access-date=14 June 2015}}{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/israel-election-2015/.premium-1.638631 |title=New Israel-U.S. spat is good news for Netanyahu |author=Yossi Verter |newspaper=Haaretz |date=24 January 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015}} On 8 February 2015, Yesh Atid MK Shai Piron said the party would prefer a coalition led by Isaac Herzog and Livni than one by Netanyahu.

Lapid's criticism while campaigning was mostly of Netanyahu and his Likud party.{{cite news |author=Ido Ben Porat |date=9 February 2015 |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/191089 |title=Yesh Atid MK: We'll Prefer Herzog Over Netanyahu |website=Israel National News |access-date=14 June 2015}} His campaign continued to emphasize the economy over national security,{{cite news |author=Jodi Rudoren |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/28/world/middleeast/isaac-herzog-israel-fears-elections.html |title=Israeli Center-Left Leader Seeks Path Forward |newspaper=The New York Times |date=28 March 2015 |page=A8 |access-date=14 June 2015}} although he has somewhat departed from his previous almost-exclusive focus on domestic policy and become more vocal, and left-leaning, on the peace process.{{cite news |author=Ben Sales |url=http://www.jta.org/2015/03/02/news-opinion/politics/yair-lapid-israels-centrist-candidate-hopes-for-staying-power |title=Yair Lapid, Israel's centrist candidate, hopes for staying power |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=2 March 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015}} The party focused on middle-class needs and in this respect was very similar to Kahlon's new Kulanu party.{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/israel-election-2015/.premium-1.641484 |author=Uri Misgav |newspaper=Haaretz |date=9 February 2015|title=Election campaigns: Parties are not really fighting for voters |access-date=14 June 2015}} However, Lapid's main electoral base is the European-oriented upper-middle class,{{cite news|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/e55e57232cc94569bea120deb42c120f/ap-analysis-advantage-netanyahu-close-race |title=AP Analysis: Israel likely headed toward conflict, isolation |author=Dan Perry |website=Associated Press |date=18 March 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015}}{{cite web |author=Natan Sachs |url=http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2015/01/14-israel-elections-primaries-labor-bennett |title=Israeli Elections: Labor's Challenge |website=Brookings Institution |date=16 January 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015}} whereas Kahlon targeted the lower-middle class.{{cite news |author=Mazal Mualem |date=28 January 2015 |url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/01/opinion-poll-israel-elections-orit-perlov-socioeconomics.html |title=Israeli pollsters struggle to keep pace with social media |website=Al-Monitor |access-date=14 June 2015}}{{cite news |author= Joshua Mitnick |date=9 January 2015 |website=The Christian Science Monitor |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2015/0109/Israel-elections-101-How-fractures-on-political-right-could-hurt-Netanyahu |title=Israel elections 101: How fractures on political right could hurt Netanyahu |access-date=14 June 2015}} While both Yesh Atid and Kulanu are positioned as centrist parties,{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/03/19/world/middleeast/netanyahu-likud-election-knesset-coalition.html |title=In Netanyahu's Next Knesset, a More Compatible Coalition |work=The New York Times |date=19 March 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015}} Yesh Atid is almost universally considered to be aligned with the left-leaning political bloc,{{cite news |url=https://www.apnews.com/19ca4a225a66485faf438fc3fcaafce7 |title=AP Interview: Charismatic Lapid revives Israel vote campaign |author=Josef Federman |website=Associated Press |date=5 March 2015}}{{cite web |author=Natan Sachs |url=http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/2015/03/18-israeli-elections-2015-results-bibi-netanyahu-victory-likud |title=How Bibi pulled it off |website=Brookings Institution |date=18 March 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015}}{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21646645-late-surge-israels-prime-minister-brings-him-neck-and-neck-his-challenger-dead-heat |title=Bibi beats Bougie |newspaper=The Economist |date=17 March 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015}}{{cite news |author=Jodi Rudoren |date=17 March 2015 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/israel-elections-vote-results/left-wing-back-herzog-but-not-in-a-unity-government/ |title=Israel's Elections: Results and Analysis: In Israel, There Are Different Ways to Count to 61 |work=The New York Times |access-date=14 June 2015}} and Kulanu, sometimes considered right-leaning,{{cite news |author=Scott Bobb |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/netanyahu-likud-party-emerges-as-election-winner/2684942.html |title=Netanyahu to Form New Government After Election Win |website=Voice of America |date=18 March 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015}}{{cite news |author=Ben Birnbaum |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/121320/benjamin-netanyahu-wins-israel-election-5-takeaways |title=Benjamin Netanyahu Will Not Win Another Election |magazine=The New Republic |date=18 March 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015}} is a "swing" party not aligned with any bloc.{{cite news |url=https://apnews.com/43e470c5b29f4d1b95549e8d5a7027a6 |title=Exit polls in Israel's election |website=Associated Press |date=17 March 2015 |access-date=14 June 2015}}

=Aftermath=

Yesh Atid won 11 seats in the 20th Knesset, making it the fourth-largest faction. However, it increased in popularity throughout 2017 and the first months of 2018, rivalling Likud as the biggest party in opinion polls. After the Haredim received favorable draft concessions in a negotiated deal among the government coalition, Yair Lapid denounced the arrangements as an "insult to the IDF" and a "fraud".Harkov, Lahav. (12 March 2018). "Opposition Slams 'Surrender' to Haredim on Draft Bill." [http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Opposition-slams-surrender-to-haredim-on-draft-bill-544853 Jerusalem Post website] Retrieved 12 March 2018.

= 2021–present =

In the 2021 Israeli legislative election, Yesh Atid ran alone and became the second largest party in the Knesset with 17 seats and getting votes in many cities in Israel including Tel Aviv, Herzliya, Ramat HaSharon, Kiryat Ono and Ramat Gan.{{Cite web|url=https://elections.kaplanopensource.co.il/2021/|title=מפת הבחירות לכנסת ה-24|website=Kaplan Open Source}}

On 9 May 2021, it was reported that Lapid and Yamina leader Naftali Bennett had made major headway in the coalition talks.{{cite news |date=9 May 2021 |title=Lapid, Bennett make major headway in coalition talks: reports |website=I24 News |url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/politics/1620592930-lapid-bennett-make-major-headway-in-coalition-talks-reports |accessdate=10 May 2021}}{{cite news |last=Shlezinger |first=Yehuda |date=10 May 2021 |title=Report: Lapid, Bennett make major headway in coalition talks |website=Israel Hayom |url=https://www.israelhayom.com/2021/05/10/report-lapid-bennett-make-major-headway-in-coalition-talks/ |accessdate=10 May 2021}} The anti-Netanyahu coalition has been described as the "Change bloc."{{cite news |date=10 May 2021 |title=Report: Lapid, Bennett may ink preliminary coalition agreements within a day |website=The Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/report-lapid-bennett-may-ink-preliminary-coalition-agreements-within-a-day/}} Coalition whip Boaz Toporovsky described Yesh Atid as taking a more "statesmanlike" tone, and having learned from its experience.{{Cite web |last=Keller-Lynn |first=Carrie |title=Decade-old Yesh Atid has evolved into a ruling party, says coalition whip Toporovsky |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/decade-old-yesh-atid-has-evolved-into-a-ruling-party-says-coalition-whip-toporovsky/ |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US}}

After cultivating ties with liberal parties worldwide, Yesh Atid was admitted to the Liberal International,{{cite web |date=2021-05-16 |title=Bureau statement on Israel-Palestine violence |url=https://liberal-international.org/news-articles/bureau-statement-on-israel-palestine-violence/ |website=Liberal International |quote=We strongly endorse the statement by LI partner, Yesh Atid...}}{{cite web |title=Israel: Elections in Israel: End time for "King Bibi" |url=https://www.freiheit.org/israel-and-palestinian-territories/elections-israel-end-time-king-bibi |website=Friedrich Naumann Foundation|date=21 March 2021 }} in October 2021 as an observer member.{{cite news |last1=Hoffman |first1=Gil |date=3 October 2021 |title=Yesh Atid joins Liberal International |work=The Jerusalem Post |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/politics-and-diplomacy/yesh-atid-joins-liberal-international-680939 |access-date=3 October 2021}}{{cite tweet|number=1444712308903751685|user=liberalinternat|title=📣 Mazel tov! מזל טוב Join the global #liberal family in warmly welcoming @YeshAtidParty & their leader @yairlapid on officially becoming a LI Observer Member. 🥳👏🇮🇱 We look forward to working together in the months & years ahead!🤝|author=Liberal International|url=https://twitter.com/liberalinternat/status/1444712308903751685}}

The 2022 Israeli legislative election resulted in Yesh Atid winning 24 seats, its best result yet, with the party gaining the most votes in most areas in Tel Aviv and in the other cities in Israel.{{Cite web|url=https://elections.kaplanopensource.co.il/2022/|title=מפת הבחירות לכנסת ה-25|website=Kaplan Open Source}} However, it failed to form government and returned to the opposition.

In October 2023, it was announced that Yesh Atid would hold its first leadership primary elections, which were contested by incumbent leader Yair Lapid and MK Ram Ben-Barak.{{Cite news |last=Tov |first=Michael Hauser |date=2 October 2023 |title=Israeli opposition leader Lapid's Yesh Atid party to hold first-ever primary for party leader |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-02/ty-article/.premium/israeli-opposition-leader-lapids-yesh-atid-party-to-hold-first-ever-primary-election/0000018a-f0c2-dfa2-a99e-f8eb5dc50000 |access-date=29 March 2024 |work=Haaretz |language=en}} The elections were held on 28 March 2024; Lapid won with 52.5% of the vote,{{Cite news |last=Tov |first=Michael Hauser |date=28 March 2024 |title=Israeli opposition leader Yair Lapid wins first-ever Yesh Atid party primary |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-03-28/ty-article/israeli-opposition-leader-yair-lapid-wins-first-ever-yesh-atid-party-primary/0000018e-8632-d9dd-a39f-cef251390000 |access-date=29 March 2024 |work=Haaretz |language=en}} narrowly beating Ben-Barak by 308 votes to 279, a margin of just 29 votes.{{Cite news |last=Sokol| first=Sam| date=28 March 2024 |title=In surprise primary result, Lapid holds on to party leadership by a mere 29 votes| url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-surprise-primary-result-lapid-holds-on-to-party-leadership-by-a-mere-29-votes/ |access-date=28 March 2024 |work=The Times of Israel}}

Current MKs

{| class="wikitable"

|+

!Year

!Members

!Total

|-

|2025

|Yair Lapid, Orna Barbivai (replaced by Yaron Levi on 1 August 2023), Meir Cohen, Karine Elharrar, Meirav Cohen, Elazar Stern, Mickey Levy, Meirav Ben-Ari, Ram Ben-Barak, Yoav Segalovich, Boaz Toporovsky, Michal Shir, Yorai Lahav-Hertzanu, Vladimir Beliak, Ron Katz, Matti Sarfati Harkavi, Tania Mazarsky, Yasmin Fridman, Debbie Biton, Moshe Tur-Paz, Simon Davidson, Naor Shiri, Shelly Tal Meron

|23{{efn|name=Roll|In the 2022 Israeli election Yesh Atid won 24 seats, but MK Idan Roll has split from Yesh Atid on 14 January 2025 to sit as an independent.{{Cite web |title=ועדת הכנסת אישרה את בקשת ח"כ עידן רול לקבוע כי פרשת מסיעת יש עתיד |url=https://main.knesset.gov.il/news/pressreleases/pages/press14012025.aspx |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=Knesset}}

}}

|}

Political position

In general, Yesh Atid is mainly regarded as a centrist party; however, it has also been evaluated as "centre-right"{{cite book|editor=Engin F. Isin, Peter Nyers |title=Routledge Handbook of Global Citizenship Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EtHpAwAAQBAJ&dq=centre-right+Yesh+Atid&pg=PA33 |quote= ... Likud party and its main ally Yesh Atid (literally, 'there is a future'), a new centre-right party that came second, ... |date=2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136237966 }} or "centre-left".{{cite book|editor=Colin Shindler |title=The Hebrew Republic: Israel's Return to History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FwolDwAAQBAJ&dq=centre-right+Yesh+Atid&pg=PA340 |quote=On the other hand, the broad centre Left of the Zionist Union, Yesh Atid and Meretz only account for another forty seats, while another thirteen represent the united Arab parties. |date=2017 |page=340 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9781442265974 }}{{cite book|editor=Eithan Orkibi, Manfred Gerstenfeld |title=Israel at the Polls 2015: A Moment of Transformative Stability |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFoPEAAAQBAJ&dq=centre-right+Yesh+Atid&pg=PA86 |quote= The Centre-Left party Yesh Atid placed a former ISA head at number five, while the Centre-Right Kulanu party awarded number two spot to a Major General in reserves who left the army within the last decade. This was the first time that ... |date=2014 |page=86 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781351794640 }}{{cite news |author= Jonathan Lis |date=January 27, 2021 |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/.premium-lapid-s-campaign-to-focus-on-netanyahu-s-covid-failures-without-targeting-haredim-1.9486046/ |title= Yair Lapid's Campaign to Focus on Netanyahu's COVID Failures Without Targeting His Haredi Partners|access-date=25 December 2021}}{{cite book|editor=Witt Raczka |title=Unholy Land: In Search of Hope in Israel/Palestine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RmnmCgAAQBAJ&dq=centre-left+Yesh+Atid&pg=PA381 |quote= ... Yesh Atid, ideologically close to the center-left, obtained an additional 12 percent of votes, while the rightist Likud just 18 percent. In the nearby community of Kfar Shmaryahu (across from Herzliya Pituach), one of the wealthiest in ... |date=2015 |page=381 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780761866732 }}{{cite book|editor1=Reuven Y. Hazan |editor2=Alan Dowty |title=The Oxford Handbook of Israeli Politics and Society |date=2021 |page=204 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}{{cite book|editor=Eithan Orkibi, Manfred Gerstenfeld |title=Israel at the Polls 2015: A Moment of Transformative Stability |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFoPEAAAQBAJ&dq=centre-left+Yesh+Atid&pg=PA86 |quote= ... The Centre-Left party Yesh Atid placed a former ISA head at number five, while the Centre-Right Kulanu party awarded number two spot to a Major General in reserves who left the army within the last decade. This was the first time that ... |date=2018 |page=86 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781351794640 }} This party has both free market{{cite news |first=Judith |last=Evans |title=Israeli election: Live Report |website=Yahoo! News Singapore |date=23 January 2013 |url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/israeli-elections-live-report-173532066.html |access-date=14 June 2015}}{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GKs0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT41 |title=The Elections in Israel 2013 |editor=Michael Shamir |publisher=Routledge |year=2017 |pages=40–41 |isbn=9781351295826 }} and socially liberal{{cite news |author=MIchael Bachner |date=February 7, 2019 |title=Yesh Atid Unveils Detailed Policy Plan to Promote LGBT Equality |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/yesh-atid-unveils-detailed-policy-plan-to-promote-lgbt-equaliy/ |access-date=14 March 2024}} tendencies which indicate an inclination towards libertarianism. It also seeks to represent what it considers the centre of Israeli society: the secular middle class.{{cite news |author=Elise Garofalo |date=21 January 2013 |title=Israeli Election Primer – What You Should Know |website=PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/01/israel-election-primer.html |url-status=dead |access-date=19 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913090325/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/01/israel-election-primer.html |archive-date=13 September 2013}} It focuses primarily on civic, socio-economic, and governance issues,{{cite web |title=Yesh Atid |url=http://en.idi.org.il/tools-and-data/israeli-elections-and-parties/political-parties/yesh-atid/ |access-date=14 June 2015 |website=The Israeli Democracy Institute}} including government reform and ending military draft exemptions for the ultra-Orthodox.{{cite news |author=Joshua Mitnick |date=19 February 2015 |title=Israel elections 101: Can country risk another fragile coalition? |website=The Christian Science Monitor |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2015/0219/Israel-elections-101-Can-country-risk-another-fragile-coalition |access-date=14 June 2015}}[http://www.voteisrael2015.com/#!yesh-atid/c1ppg Vote Israel | Yesh Atid] 2005 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315044701/http://www.voteisrael2015.com/#!yesh-atid/c1ppg|date=15 March 2015}} Yesh Atid has endorsed reentering peace negotiations with the Palestinians and halting further construction in Israeli settlements. Yesh Atid supports the separation of religion and state, specifically by integrating Haredi Jews into the labor market and the Israel defense forces.{{Cite web |title=יש עתיד {{!}} מצע {{!}} עידוד שילוב הציבור החרדי בחברה הישראלית |url=https://yeshatid.org.il/platforms/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93-%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91-%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%94%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99-%D7%91%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94 |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=יש עתיד |language=he-IL}}{{Cite web |date=2023-05-01 |title=משתמטים יועמדו לדין, יעדים יוצבו לישיבות: כך נראה חוק הגיוס של לפיד |url=https://www.maariv.co.il/news/politics/Article-1002960 |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=Maariv |language=he}}{{Cite web |title=שוויון בנטל - קידום חוק לשילוב חרדים בשוק העבודה ובכלכלה בישראל |url=https://yeshatid.org.il/kept-promises/shivyon-banetel |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=יש עתיד |language=he-IL}}

Platform

In the application submitted to the party registrar, Lapid listed the party's eight goals. According to this statement, these include:{{cite news |url=http://news.nana10.co.il/Article/?ArticleID=894279 |website=Nana10 |script-title=he:ברשימת מייסדי מפלגתו של לפיד: סופר וג'ודוקא |language=he |trans-title=On the list of the founders of the party of Lapid: writer and judoka |date=3 May 2012 |access-date=19 September 2013 |archive-date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204014845/http://news.nana10.co.il/Article/?ArticleID=894279 |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |author=Yori Yanover |url=http://www.jewishpress.com/news/politics/new-party-12-seats-projected-in-polls-includes-chairman-lapids-makeup-artist-karate-trainer/2012/05/04/0/?print |title=Newest Israeli Party Includes Chairman's Makeup Artist, Karate Trainer |website=The Jewish Press |date=4 May 2012 |access-date=19 September 2013}}

  1. Changing the priorities in Israel, with an emphasis on civil life{{snd}}education, housing, health, transport, and policing, as well as improving the condition of the middle class.
  2. Changing the system of government.
  3. Equality in education and the draft{{snd}}all Israeli school students must be taught essential classes, all Israelis will be drafted into the Army, and all Israeli citizens will be encouraged to seek work, including the ultra-Orthodox sector and the Arab sector.
  4. Fighting political corruption, including corruption in government in the form of institutions like "Minister without portfolio", opting for a government of 18 ministers at most, fortifying the rule of law, and protecting the status of the High Court of Justice.
  5. Growth and economic efficiency{{snd}}creating growth engines as a way of fighting poverty, combatting red tape, removing barriers, improving the transportation system, reducing the cost of living and housing costs, and improving social mobility through assistance to small businesses.
  6. Legislation of Education Law in cooperation with teachers' unions, eliminating most of the matriculation exams, raising the differential education index, and increasing school autonomy.
  7. Enacting a constitution to regulate tense relations between population groups in Israel.
  8. Striving for peace according to an outline of "two states for two peoples", while maintaining the large Israeli settlement blocs and ensuring the safety of Israel.

=Other positions=

{{See also|LGBT rights in Israel|}}

Yesh Atid is also in favor of the following:

  • Creating greater religious pluralism, diversity, and equality between Jews and all movements of Judaism within Israel by instituting public funding by the state for the non-Orthodox movements within Judaism, such as the Reform, Conservative, Reconstructionist, and Humanistic movements, similar to the public funding of the Orthodox Chief Rabbinate by the state
  • Allowing non-Orthodox movements to perform religious conversions and weddings, and have their conversions and weddings accepted as legitimate by the state
  • Allowing egalitarian prayer between men and women, and all Orthodox and non-Orthodox Jewish religious movements, at the Western Wall{{cite web |author=Joshua Mitnick |url=http://arza.org.au/index.php/news/148-can-real-religious-pluralism-take-hold-in-israel |title=Can real religious pluralism take hold in Israel? |website=Australian Reform Zionist Organization |year=2011 |access-date=19 September 2013 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203010009/http://arza.org.au/index.php/news/148-can-real-religious-pluralism-take-hold-in-israel |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |author=Nathan Jeffay |url=http://forward.com/articles/170397/advocates-for-religious-pluralism-in-israel-buoyed/?p=all |title=Advocates for Religious Pluralism in Israel Buoyed by Election Results |date=8 February 2013 |work=Jewish Daily Forward |access-date=19 September 2013}}{{cite news |author=Stewart Ain |date=6 March 2013 |url=http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/israel-news/religious-freedoms-could-expand-new-coalition |title=Religious Freedoms Could Expand In New Coalition |work=The Jewish Week |location=New York |access-date=19 September 2013 |archive-date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204032940/http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/israel-news/religious-freedoms-could-expand-new-coalition |url-status=dead }}
  • Partial operation of public transportation on Saturdays{{cite news |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/party-leaders-to-try-again-monday-night-to-finalize-coalition/ |title=Fewer ministers, and maybe no Kadima, in next coalition |newspaper=The Times of Israel |date=11 March 2013 |access-date=19 September 2013}}{{cite news |url=http://forward.com/articles/172483/israel-bromance-bloc-hits-skids-over-gay-marriage/ |title=Israel 'Bromance' Bloc Hits Skids Over Gay Marriage |work=Jewish Daily Forward |date=7 March 2013 |access-date=19 September 2013}}
  • Renewing peace negotiations with the Palestinians and halting construction in Israeli settlements{{cite news |url=http://newsok.com/article/feed/513424 |title=A look at the make-up of the new Israeli government |agency=Associated Press |work=The Oklahoman |date=14 March 2013 |access-date=12 November 2017 }}{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/political-infighting-fuels-rumors-of-early-elections-in-israel/2014/11/17/231363de-6e60-11e4-a2c2-478179fd0489_story.html |title=Political infighting fuels rumors of early elections in Israel |author=Ruth Eglash |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=17 November 2014 |access-date=14 June 2015}}
  • Gradually ending Israel's dependency on fossil fuels to become carbon neutral in 2050{{Cite web|title=אנרגיה|url=https://www.yeshatid.org.il/energy_maza|website=Yesh Atid}}

Yesh Atid supports increasing LGBT rights. The party supports the following policies:

  • Allowing surrogacy for same-sex couples{{Cite web|title=הקהילה הגאה|url=https://www.yeshatid.org.il/energy_maza|website=Yesh Atid}}{{Cite news|last=Bachner|first=Michael|date=February 7, 2019|title=Yesh Atid unveils detailed policy plan to promote LGBT equality|work=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/yesh-atid-unveils-detailed-policy-plan-to-promote-lgbt-equaliy/|access-date=October 17, 2021}}
  • Instituting civil marriage in Israel, including between same-sex couples{{cite news |author= Jodi Rudoren |date=29 January 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/29/world/middleeast/israeli-secularists-find-their-voice-in-yair-lapid.html?pagewanted=all |title=Israeli Secularists Appear to Find Their Voice |newspaper=The New York Times |page=A4 |access-date=19 September 2013}}
  • Allowing same-sex adoption of Israeli children. Currently, Israeli same-sex couples are allowed to adopt foreign children, but not Israeli ones
  • Introducing more stringent punishment for hate crimes against queer individuals
  • Banning conversion therapy
  • Allowing individuals to change their gender in their identity card without having to undergo gender-affirming surgery
  • Releasing guidelines on the treatment of queer individuals in the education system and incorporating mandatory queer studies.

Leaders

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

! colspan="3" | Leader

! Took office

! Left office

|-

| style="background: {{party color|Yesh Atid}}; color: white" |

| 70px

| Yair Lapid

| 2012

| Incumbent

|}

Election results

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right

! Election

! Leader

! Votes

! %

! Seats

! +/–

! Government

|-

! 2013

| align=left rowspan=7| Yair Lapid

| 543,458

| 14.33 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|19|120|hex={{party color|Yesh Atid}}}}

|

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

|-

! 2015

| 371,602

| 8.81 (#4)

| {{Composition bar|11|120|hex={{party color|Yesh Atid}}}}

| {{decrease}} 8

| {{no2|Opposition}}

|-

! Apr 2019

| colspan="2" rowspan="3" align="center" | {{small|with Blue and White}}

| {{Composition bar|15|120|hex={{party color|Yesh Atid}}}}

| {{increase}} 4

| {{partial2|Snap election}}

|-

! Sep 2019

| {{Composition bar|13|120|hex={{party color|Yesh Atid}}}}

| {{decrease}} 2

| {{partial2|Snap election}}

|-

! 2020

| {{Composition bar|13|120|hex={{party color|Yesh Atid}}}}

| {{steady}}

| {{no2|Opposition}}

|-

! 2021

| 614,112

| 13.93 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|17|120|hex={{party color|Yesh Atid}}}}

| {{increase}} 4

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

|-

! 2022

| 847,435

| 17.79 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|24|120|hex={{party color|Yesh Atid}}}}

| {{increase}} 7

| {{no2|Opposition}}

|}

See also

Notelist

{{Notelist}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links