2022 Israeli legislative election

{{Infobox legislative election

| country = Israel

| previous_election = 2021

| next_election = Next

| election_date = 1 November 2022

| seats_for_election = All 120 seats in the Knesset

| majority_seats = 61

| turnout = 70.63% ({{increase}} 3.19pp)

| party1 = Likud

| leader1 = Benjamin Netanyahu

| percentage1 = 23.41

| seats1 = 32

| last_election1 = 30

| party2 = Yesh Atid

| leader2 = Yair Lapid

| percentage2 = 17.78

| seats2 = 24

| last_election2 = 17

| party3 = RZP–Otzma

| leader3 = Bezalel Smotrich

| percentage3 = 10.84

| seats3 = 14

| last_election3 = 6

| party4 = National Unity (Israel)

| leader4 = Benny Gantz

| percentage4 = 9.08

| seats4 = 12

| last_election4 = 14

| party5 = Shas

| leader5 = Aryeh Deri

| percentage5 = 8.25

| seats5 = 11

| last_election5 = 9

| party6 = United Torah Judaism

| leader6 = Yitzhak Goldknopf

| percentage6 = 5.88

| seats6 = 7

| last_election6 = 7

| party7 = Yisrael Beiteinu

| leader7 = Avigdor Lieberman

| percentage7 = 4.48

| seats7 = 6

| last_election7 = 7

| party8 = United Arab List

| leader8 = Mansour Abbas

| percentage8 = 4.07

| seats8 = 5

| last_election8 = 4

| party9 = Hadash–Ta'al

| leader9 = Ayman Odeh

| percentage9 = 3.75

| seats9 = 5

| last_election9 = 5

| party10 = Israeli Labor Party

| leader10 = Merav Michaeli

| percentage10 = 3.69

| seats10 = 4

| last_election10 = 7

| title = Prime Minister

| before_election = Yair Lapid

| before_party = Yesh Atid

| before_image =

| after_election = Benjamin Netanyahu

| after_party = Likud

| after_image =

}}

Legislative elections were held in Israel on 1 November 2022 to elect the 120 members of the 25th Knesset. The results saw the right-wing national camp of former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu win a parliamentary majority, amid losses for left-wing and Arab parties, as well as gains by the far-right.{{cite web |last=Ravid |first=Barak |date=2 November 2022 |title=The rise of Israel's extreme right |url=https://www.axios.com/2022/11/02/israel-election-extreme-far-right-rise-netanyahu-victory |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=Axios}}{{cite news |date=3 November 2022 |title=Israel Election Final Results: Netanyahu, Jewish Far Right Win Power, Fiasco for Left |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/2022-11-03/ty-article/israel-election-final-results-netanyahu-jewish-far-right-win-power-fiasco-for-left/00000184-3e80-daf1-abc4-7f9a53f40000 |access-date=3 November 2022}}{{cite news |last=Kingsley |first=Patrick |title=Lapid Concedes in Israel, Paving Way for Netanyahu's Return to Power |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/03/world/middleeast/israel-netanyahu-election.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=3 November 2022 |access-date=3 November 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}

After the 2021 elections, the next elections had been scheduled for no later than 11 November 2025 according to the four-year term limit set by Basic Law: The Government. The thirty-sixth government, a national unity government formed between eight political parties following the 2021 elections, held the narrowest possible majority (61 seats) in the 120-member Knesset. In April 2022, MK Idit Silman left the governing coalition, leaving it without a majority.{{cite news |last=Ben Zion |first=Ilan |date=6 April 2022 |title=Israel government loses majority as religious lawmaker quits |website=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/benjamin-netanyahu-naftali-bennett-israel-middle-east-elections-83be724fedc54b895ce401d1553db705 |access-date=6 April 2022}}

On 20 June 2022, following several legislative defeats for the government in the Knesset, prime minister Naftali Bennett and alternate prime minister Yair Lapid announced the introduction of a bill to dissolve the 24th Knesset,{{cite news |first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn |date=20 June 2022 |title=Bennett announces coalition's demise, new elections: 'We did our utmost to continue' |work=The Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/bennett-we-made-a-tough-decision-but-it-was-the-best-for-the-country/ |access-date=3 July 2022}} which was approved on 30 June. Simultaneously, in accordance with the rotation government agreement that was part of the 2021 coalition deal, Lapid became prime minister and led a caretaker government until a new government took office.{{cite news|first=Tia|last=Goldenberg|url=https://apnews.com/75154625bf8b378730ec5f32ecb1538f|title=Israel's caretaker PM Lapid holds first Cabinet meeting|work=Associated Press News|date=3 July 2022|access-date=9 July 2022}}{{cite web | last=Keller-Lynn | first=Carrie |title=Knesset disbands, sets elections for November 1; Lapid to become PM at midnight | website=The Times of Israel | date=30 June 2022 | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/knesset-disbands-sets-elections-for-november-1-lapid-to-become-pm-at-midnight/}}

Within the context of the 2018–2022 Israeli political crisis, this was the fifth Knesset election in nearly four years, as no party had been able to form a stable coalition since 2019.{{cite web |last=Sagalyn|first=Dan|date=31 October 2022 |title=Israel holds fifth election in four years as Netanyahu attempts to regain power |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/israel-holds-fifth-election-in-four-years-as-netanyahu-attempts-to-regain-power |access-date=4 November 2022 |website=PBS NewsHour}}{{cite news |last1=Alsaafin |first1=Linah |last2=Najjar |first2=Farah |title=Israel election updates: Netanyahu set for comeback – Exit polls |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2022/11/1/israelis-head-to-the-polls-for-fifth-time-live-news |access-date=4 November 2022 |publisher=Al Jazeera}} A total of 40 parties registered to run for these elections, although only twelve to fourteen parties were projected to cross the 3.25% electoral threshold to win seats under the closed list, proportional representation electoral system. Ten parties succeeded in crossing the threshold.{{cite news |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/what-happens-next-netanyahu-expected-to-be-tasked-with-forming-government-next-week/|title=What happens next: Netanyahu expected to be tasked with forming government next week|last=Tress|first=Luke|work=The Times of Israel|date=3 November 2022|access-date=6 November 2022}} On 21 December, Netanyahu announced that he had succeeded in forming a coalition government consisting of 64 MKs.{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israels-benjamin-netanyahu-says-he-has-agreed-a-new-coalition/|title=Israel seems closer to its most right-wing government yet as Netanyahu says he's formed a new coalition|work=CBS News|date=22 December 2022|access-date=25 December 2022}} The thirty-seventh government was sworn in on 29 December.

Background

{{further|2018–2022 Israeli political crisis|Thirty-sixth government of Israel}}

The extended period of political deadlock that led up to the election was the result of four inconclusive elections (April 2019, September 2019, 2020, and 2021). In April and September 2019, neither incumbent Prime Minister of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu, nor leader of the main opposition party Blue and White, Benny Gantz, was able to muster a 61-seat governing majority, leading to fresh elections.{{cite web |date=24 April 2019|title=בחירות 2019 (אפריל) |trans-title=2019 Election (April) |url=https://www.idi.org.il/policy/parties-and-elections/elections/2019-2/ |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=Israel Democracy Institute |language=he}}{{cite web |date=22 January 2020|title=בחירות 2019 (ספטמבר) |trans-title=2019 Election (September) |url=https://www.idi.org.il/policy/parties-and-elections/elections/2019-september/ |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=Israel Democracy Institute |language=he}} In March 2020, these resulted in the formation of a unity government, the thirty-fifth government of Israel, between Netanyahu and Gantz,{{cite web |date=25 March 2020|title=בחירות 2020 |trans-title=2020 Election |url=https://www.idi.org.il/policy/parties-and-elections/elections/2020-1/ |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=Israel Democracy Institute |language=he}} which collapsed in December following a budgetary dispute, leading to another election in March 2021.{{cite web |last=Wootliff |first=Raoul |title=Israel calls 4th election in 2 years as Netanyahu-Gantz coalition collapses |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-calls-4th-election-in-2-years-as-netanyahu-gantz-coalition-collapses/ |access-date=23 December 2020 |website=The Times of Israel|date=23 December 2020}}{{cite web |date=10 April 2021|title=בחירות 2021 |trans-title=2021 Election |url=https://www.idi.org.il/policy/parties-and-elections/elections/2021-1/ |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=Israel Democracy Institute |language=he}} The 2021 election led to the formation of another unity government, this one between eight political parties, with the leader of the Yamina party, Naftali Bennett, and the leader of Yesh Atid, Yair Lapid, becoming prime minister and Alternate Prime Minister of Israel, respectively.{{cite news |date=13 June 2021 |title=על חודו של קול: ממשלת בנט-לפיד אושרה בכנסת |language=he |work=Ynet |url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/S1FY9jmj00 |access-date=2 June 2022}}{{cite news |date=11 June 2021|title=ממשלת השינוי הורכבה: כל מפלגות הקואליציה חתמו על ההסכמים |work=Haaretz|language=he |url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politi/2021-06-11/ty-article/.premium/0000017f-f4de-d460-afff-fffe6c650000 |access-date=2 June 2022}} Bennett and Lapid agreed to rotate their positions after two years, with Lapid becoming the prime minister and Bennett becoming the alternate prime minister.{{cite web |date=5 April 2021|title=Lapid says he made offer to Bennett to be PM first in rotation |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/lapid-says-he-made-offer-to-bennett-to-be-pm-first-in-rotation/ |access-date=1 June 2022 |website=The Times of Israel }}

Upon the government's formation in June 2021, it held 61 seats in the Knesset; all these members of the Knesset (MK) came from coalition parties excluding Yamina's Amichai Chikli.{{cite web |date=7 May 2022|title=בקואליציה של 60 כל ח"כ הופך למלך |url=https://www.israelhayom.co.il/news/politics/article/10687797 |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=Israel Hayom}}{{cite web |title=Lapid finalizes coalition deals with all parties in incoming 'change government' |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/lapid-inks-formal-coalition-deals-with-raam-yisrael-beytenu/ |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The Times of Israel|date=11 June 2021}}{{cite web |date=29 June 2021|title=נוסחת עמיחי שיקלי: כך יראו יחסים העבודה עם הקואליציה |trans-title=Amichai Chikli Formula: how his working relationship with the coalition will look |url=https://www.srugim.co.il/575959-%d7%a0%d7%95%d7%a1%d7%97%d7%aa-%d7%a9%d7%99%d7%a7%d7%9c%d7%99-%d7%9b%d7%9a-%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%90%d7%95-%d7%94%d7%99%d7%97%d7%a1%d7%99%d7%9d-%d7%a2%d7%9d-%d7%94%d7%a7%d7%95%d7%90%d7%9c%d7%99%d7%a6%d7%99 |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=Srugim |language=he}} On 6 April 2022, Yamina MK Idit Silman, resigned from the coalition, causing the governing coalition to lose its majority in the Knesset.{{cite web |last=Ravid |first=Barak |date=6 April 2022 |title=Israeli government on brink of collapse after key lawmaker quits coalition |url=https://www.axios.com/israeli-government-coalition-collapse-21df1f2e-3f52-4369-b426-31d9a995d2bc.html |access-date=6 April 2022 |website=Axios}} Silman cited a decision from Minister of Health, Nitzan Horowitz, to enforce a court ruling allowing hospital visitors to enter with chametz (leavened bread) during Passover, which is forbidden under Jewish law,{{cite web |date=6 April 2022 |title=Silman: What bothered me is a minister said to abide by High Court |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-703408 |access-date=6 April 2022 |work=The Jerusalem Post}} and other religion-related actions of the coalition.{{cite web |date=3 May 2022 |title=Edith Silman In An interview with Amit Segal: We Received a Caressing Hug From The Media Investigation Against Shmulik Silman In News 13 |url=https://news.middleeast-24.com/news/179356.html |access-date=11 May 2022 |website=Middle East 24 News English }} On 19 May, Meretz MK Ghaida Rinawie Zoabi resigned from the coalition, alleging that the government had adopted a hardline stance on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and related issues, and lowering its number of seats in the Knesset to a minority of 59.{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/meretz-mk-rinawie-zoabi-quits-coalition-putting-it-in-minority/|title=Meretz MK Rinawie Zoabi quits coalition, putting it in minority|work=The Times of Israel|date=19 May 2022|last1=Boxerman|first1=Aaron|last2=Keller-Lynn|first2=Carrie|access-date=6 November 2022}} She rejoined the coalition three days later.{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-707350|title=Political crisis over, Rinawie Zoabi returns to government|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=22 May 2022|last=Hoffman|first= Gil|access-date=6 November 2022}} On 7 June, she joined the opposition in voting down a bill that would have renewed the application of Israeli law in the West Bank settlements, which was set to expire in July.{{cite web |date=11 June 2022|title=סער יגיש את חוק יו"ש לממשלה; גורמים בקואליציה: "לא יעלה במליאה השבוע" |url=https://www.maariv.co.il/news/politics/Article-924234 |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=Maariv|language=he}} The bill was supported by the government.{{cite web |date=12 June 2022|title=תקנות יו"ש אושרו בממשלה פה אחד; סער: "חיוני שיועברו כדי למנוע תוהו ובוהו" |url=https://www.maariv.co.il/news/politics/Article-924377 |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=Maariv|language=he}} On 13 June, Yamina MK Nir Orbach left the coalition, arguing that left-wing members of the coalition were holding it hostage.{{cite web |title=Yamina MK Nir Orbach quits coalition; PM admits it could collapse 'in a week or two' |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/yamina-mk-nir-orbach-quits-coalition-dropping-ruling-bloc-into-minority/ |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The Times of Israel |date=13 June 2022}}

On 20 June, Bennett and Lapid announced the introduction of a bill to dissolve the Knesset in a joint statement, stating that Lapid would become the interim prime minister following the dissolution. The dissolution of the Knesset automatically delayed the expiration date of the ordinances until 90 days after the formation of the next government.{{cite web |date=20 June 2022|title=בגלל תקנות יו"ש: הסיבה לפיזור הכנסת |url=https://www.srugim.co.il/684010-%d7%91%d7%92%d7%9c%d7%9c-%d7%aa%d7%a7%d7%a0%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%99%d7%95%d7%a9-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%99%d7%91%d7%94-%d7%9c%d7%a4%d7%99%d7%96%d7%95%d7%a8-%d7%94%d7%9b%d7%a0%d7%a1%d7%aa |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=Srugim |language=he}}{{cite web | title=Israel heading to elections, Knesset to disband, Lapid to become PM | website= The Jerusalem Post|first=Gil|last=Hoffman|date=20 June 2022 | url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-709909 | access-date=21 June 2022}} The bill to dissolve the Knesset passed its first reading on 28 June.{{cite web|url=https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/355641|title=Bill dissolving the Knesset passes first reading |work=Arutz Sheva|date=28 June 2022|access-date=27 June 2022|first=Hezki|last=Baruch}} The bill passed its third reading on 29 June and the date for elections was set for 1 November 2022.{{Cite news |last=Azulai |first=Moran |date=30 June 2022 |title=הכנסת פוזרה סופית: בחירות ב-1 בנובמבר, לפיד יהפוך בחצות לרה"מ ה-14 |language=he |trans-title=The Knesset has officially dissolved: Elections on 1 November, Lapid will become 14th prime minister at midnight |work=Ynet |url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/bj7jhtqq5 |access-date=30 June 2022}} Bennett opted to retire from politics and not seek reelection; he resigned as the leader of Yamina on 29 June, and was succeeded by Ayelet Shaked.{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/bennett-announces-he-will-not-run-in-next-election-i-will-remain-a-loyal-soldier/|newspaper=The Times of Israel |title=Bennett announces he won't run in next elections, hands Yamina leadership to Shaked|first=Jeremy|last=Sharon|date=29 June 2022|access-date=6 November 2022}}

On 30 June, in accordance with the coalition agreement, Lapid succeeded Bennett as the caretaker prime minister.{{cite web | last=Spiro | first=Amy |title=Yair Lapid takes over as Israel's 14th prime minister| website=The Times of Israel | date=1 July 2022 | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/yair-lapid-takes-over-as-israels-14th-prime-minister/|access-date=22 July 2022}}

Campaign

File:Isaac Herzog in Jerusalem, November 2022 (GPOHZ0 0654).jpg and his wife Michal Herzog voting in the election]]

On 10 July, Blue and White and New Hope formed a joint list, known as Blue and White – The New Hope, excluding Derekh Eretz that ran as part of New Hope in 2021.{{cite news |last1=Azulai|first1=Moran|last2=Karni|first2=Yuval|date=10 July 2022 |title=In political partnership Gantz, Sa'ar aim for unity government |website=Ynet |language=he|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/nozaf2n25 |access-date=10 July 2022}}{{cite news |date=10 July 2022 |title=Blue and White, New Hope announce union, will run as joint slate in November vote |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/blue-and-white-new-hope-confirm-new-union-will-run-as-joint-slate-in-november-vote/ |access-date=29 October 2022 |work=The Times of Israel}} On 14 August, the list was joined by former Israel Defense Forces's Chief of the General Staff, Gadi Eizenkot, as well as Yamina MKs Matan Kahana and Shirly Pinto, and was subsequently renamed the National Unity Party.{{cite news |last=Keller-Lynn |first=Carrie |title=Ex-IDF chief Eisenkot, former Yamina minister Kahana join Gantz-led 'National Camp' |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ex-military-chief-eisenkot-enters-politics-will-run-with-gantz-led-national-camp/ |access-date=14 August 2022 |work=The Times of Israel }}{{cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=ח"כ שירלי פינטו תרוץ ברשימת המחנה הממלכתי |url=https://www.israelhayom.co.il/news/politics/article/12990648 |access-date=31 October 2022 |website=Israel Hayom|language=he}}

On 27 July, Yamina formed a joint list with Derekh Eretz, known as Zionist Spirit.{{cite news |last=Breuer |first=Eliav |date=27 July 2022 |title=Israel Elections: Shaked, Hendel announce joint run as 'Zionist Spirit' |work=The Jerusalem Post |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-713265 |access-date=27 July 2022}} The alliance dissolved on 11 September.{{cite news |date=11 September 2022 |title=Zionist Spirit's Shaked, Hendel end their short-lived political partnership |work=The Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/zionist-spirits-shaked-hendel-end-their-short-lived-political-partnership/ |access-date=11 September 2022}} On 13 September, Yamina announced a joint run with The Jewish Home.{{cite web |date=13 September 2022|title=ההסכם נחתם: איילת שקד תרוץ עם הבית היהודי |url=https://13tv.co.il/item/news/politics/politics/shaked-brodny-903263693/ |access-date=31 October 2022 |website=13tv.co.il |language=he}} that day, Derekh Eretz withdrew from the race.{{cite news |last=Keller-Lynn |first=Carrie |date=13 September 2022 |title=Minister Hendel bows out of Knesset race, days after Zionist Spirit breakup |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/minister-hendel-bows-out-of-knesset-race-days-after-zionist-spirit-breakup/ |access-date=15 September 2022 |work=The Times of Israel}}

On 14 September, the Religious Zionist Party, Noam and Otzma Yehudit submitted a single list.{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/national-unity-religious-zionism-and-yisrael-beytenu-submit-final-candidate-lists/|title=National Unity, Religious Zionism and Yisrael Beytenu submit final candidate lists|work=The Times of Israel|date=14 September 2022|access-date=19 November 2022|author=Carrie Keller-Lynn}}

On 15 September, several minutes before the party list submission deadline, the Joint List dissolved, with Balad and Hadash–Ta'al submitting two separate lists.{{cite news |last1=Azulai |first1=Moran| last2=Goldischt |first2=Haim |last3=Halabi |first3=Einav|date=15 September 2022 |title=המהלך שעשוי לחרוץ את גורל הבחירות: הרשימה המשותפת התפלגה |language=he |work=Ynet |url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/election2022/article/h1hin1111zo |access-date=31 October 2022}}

In August, Israel launched Operation Breaking Dawn, resulting in clashes between Israeli forces and Palestinian groups.{{cite news |last1=Berg |first1=Raffi|last2=Knell |first2=Yolande |date=5 August 2022 |title=Gaza: Palestinian militant killed as Israel strikes after threats |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-62440155 |access-date=5 August 2022}} The operation was supported by members of the opposition, including Netanyahu,{{cite news |last=Eichner |first=Itamar |date=7 August 2022 |title=נתניהו הגיע לעדכון ביטחוני אצל לפיד: "נותן גיבוי מלא, נתתי כמה עצות" |work=Ynet |language=he|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/rjjwskpac |access-date=31 October 2022}} Religious Zionist Party leader Bezalel Smotrich, and Shas leader Aryeh Deri.{{cite news |last1=Azulay |first1=Moran |last2=Halabi |first2=Einav |date=5 August 2022 |title=באופוזיציה מגבים את צה"ל וקוראים: "לפיד, תקוף בעוצמה". במשותפת ביקרו: "דם תמורת קולות" |language=he |work=Ynet |url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/h1kzzc565 |access-date=31 October 2022}}

Timeline

1 September — Deadline for submitting an application for registration of a new party to the Registrar of Parties for the purpose of running in this election{{cite web |date=3 July 2022 |title=Announcement by the Register of Parties regarding shortening deadlines and changing procedures for the elections to the Twenty-fifth Knesset |url=https://www.gov.il/he/departments/news/news-03-07-22 |publisher=Israeli Government|language=he|access-date=3 November 2022}}
11 September — Publication of the final list of parties running
14–15 September — Date of submission of the lists of candidates to the Election Committee
22 September — Deadline for filing a petition requesting disqualification of a list or candidate from running
18 October — Beginning of television and radio advertising window
1 November — Election date
9 November — Deadline for the publication of the final election results
15 November – 25th Knesset sworn in{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/bennett-announces-resignation-hopes-incoming-government-will-act-responsibly/|title=Bennett announces resignation, hopes incoming government 'will act responsibly'|work=The Times of Israel|date=3 November 2022|access-date=3 November 2022|author=Staff writer}}

Electoral system

The 120 seats in the Knesset are elected by closed list, proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency. The electoral threshold for the election is 3.25%.{{cite news|title=With Bader-Ofer method, not every ballot counts|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-Elections/With-Bader-Ofer-method-not-every-ballot-counts-394027|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=16 March 2014|last=Harkov|first=Lahav|access-date=4 November 2022}} In the Israeli-occupied territories, only settlers have the right to vote.{{cite journal|last1=Berda|first1=Yael|last2=Mann|first2=Itamar|date=28 April 2022|title=Voting as a Vehicle for Self-Determination in Palestine and Israel |url=https://texaslawreview.org/voting-as-a-vehicle-for-self-determination-in-palestine-and-israel/|access-date=6 November 2022|journal=Texas Law Review|volume=100|issue=5}}{{cite news |last=Estrin|first=Daniel|date=2 November 2022|title=With most votes now counted, Netanyahu seems poised to return as Israel's leader |publisher=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/11/02/1133516979/israel-election-results-netanyahu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102211401/https://www.npr.org/2022/11/02/1133516979/israel-election-results-netanyahu|archive-date=2 November 2022|access-date=4 November 2022}}

= Surplus-vote agreements =

Two parties could sign a surplus vote agreement that allowed them to compete for leftover seats as if they were running together on the same list, a system known as apparentment. The Bader–Ofer method slightly favours larger lists, meaning that alliances are more likely to receive leftover seats than parties would be individually. If the alliance were to receive leftover seats, the Bader–Ofer calculation would be applied privately to determine how the seats are divided among the two allied lists.{{cite web|url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/lexicon/eng/seats_eng.htm|title=The Distribution of Knesset Seats Among the Lists—the Bader-Offer Method|publisher=Knesset|access-date=4 November 2022}}

The following parties signed surplus vote-sharing agreements for the 2022 election:

Labor and Meretz{{cite news| author=Carrie Keller-Lynn|title=Meretz, Labor parties sign surplus-vote agreement |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/meretz-labor-parties-sign-surplus-vote-agreement/|work=The Times of Israel |date=3 October 2022|access-date=12 November 2022}}
Likud and Religious Zionist Party{{cite web|title=Arab parties fail to sign vote share deals, giving Netanyahu bloc edge in elections|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/arab-parties-fail-to-sign-vote-share-deals-giving-netanyahu-bloc-edge-in-election/|date=22 October 2022|access-date=22 October 2022|work=The Times of Israel|author=Michael Horovitz}}
National Unity Party and Yesh Atid{{cite web |last1=Keller-Lynn |first1=Carrie |title=Yesh Atid, National Unity ink surplus vote-sharing deal|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/yesh-atid-national-unity-ink-surplus-vote-sharing-deal/ |website=The Times of Israel |access-date=21 August 2022|date=21 August 2022}}
Shas and United Torah Judaism
Pirate Party of Israel and Yesh Kivun{{cite web |title=הודעה לעיתונות - הודעה בדבר התקשרויות בין רשימות מועמדים, כפי שהוגשו לוועדת הבחירות המרכזית לכנסת ה-25 |url=https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/news/dover41/he/press-releases_dover41.pdf |publisher=Central elections Committee |access-date=31 October 2022 |language=Hebrew |date=25 October 2022}}

Political parties

= Factions before the election =

The table below lists the parliamentary factions represented in the 24th Knesset.

{| class="wikitable"

! rowspan="2" colspan=2| Name

! rowspan="2"| Ideology

! rowspan="2"| Symbol

! rowspan="2"| Primary demographic

! rowspan="2"| Leader

! colspan="2"| 2021 result

! rowspan="2"| At dissolution

! Votes (%)

! Seats

| style="background:{{party color|Likud}};"|

| Likud

| Conservatism

| align=center|{{Script/Hebrew|מחל}}

| –

| {{nowrap|Benjamin Netanyahu}}

| style="text-align:center;"|24.19%

| {{Composition bar|30|120|{{party color|Likud}}}}

| {{Composition bar|29|120|{{party color|Likud}}}}

| style="background:{{party color|Yesh Atid}};"|

| Yesh Atid

| Liberalism

| style="text-align:center;" | {{Script/Hebrew|פה}}

| –

| Yair Lapid

| style="text-align:center;"|13.93%

| {{Composition bar|17|120|{{party color|Yesh Atid}}}}

| style="background:{{party color|Shas}};"|

| Shas

| Religious conservatism

| align=center|{{Script/Hebrew|שס}}

| Sephardi, Mizrahi, and Haredim Jews

| Aryeh Deri

| style="text-align:center;"|7.17%

| {{Composition bar|9|120|{{party color|Shas}}}}

| style="background:{{party color|Blue and White}};"|

| Blue and White

| Liberal Zionism

| style="text-align:center;"|{{Script/Hebrew|כן}}

| –

| Benny Gantz

| style="text-align:center;"|6.63%

| {{Composition bar|8|120|{{party color|Blue and White}}}}

| style="background:{{party color|Yamina}};"|

| Yamina

| National conservatism

| style="text-align:center;"| {{Script/Hebrew|ב}}

| –

| Ayelet Shaked

| style="text-align:center;"|6.21%

| {{Composition bar|7|120|{{party color|Yamina}}}}

| {{Composition bar|6|120|{{party color|Yamina}}}}

| style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}};"|

| Labor

| Social democracy

| style="text-align:center;" | {{Script/Hebrew|אמת}}

| –

| Merav Michaeli

| style="text-align:center;" |6.09%

| {{Composition bar|7|120|{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}}}

| style="background:{{party color|United Torah Judaism}};"|

| United Torah Judaism

| Religious conservatism

| style="text-align:center;"|{{Script/Hebrew|ג}}

| Ashkenazi Haredim

| Moshe Gafni

| style="text-align:center;"|5.63%

| {{Composition bar|7|120|{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}}}

| style="background:{{party color|Yisrael Beiteinu}};"|

| Yisrael Beiteinu

| Nationalism
Secularism

| style="text-align:center;"|{{Script/Hebrew|ל}}

| Russian-speakers

| Avigdor Lieberman

| style="text-align:center;"|5.63%

| {{Composition bar|7|120|{{party color|Yisrael Beiteinu}}}}

| style="background:{{party color|Religious Zionist Party}};"|

| Religious Zionism

| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2| {{Script/Hebrew|ט}}

| Israeli settlers
Modern Orthodox and Hardal Jews

| Bezalel Smotrich

| style="text-align:center;" rowspan=2|5.12%

| {{Composition bar|5|120|{{party color|Religious Zionist Party}}}}

| {{Composition bar|6|120|{{party color|Religious Zionist Party}}}}

| style="background:{{party color|Otzma Yehudit}};"|

|Otzma Yehudit

|Kahanism

|Itamar Ben-Gvir

|{{Composition bar|1|120|{{party color|Otzma Yehudit}}}}

| style="background:{{party color|Joint List}};"|

| Joint List

| Big tent
Minority interests

| style="text-align:center;"|{{Script/Hebrew|ודעם}}

| Israeli Arabs

| Ayman Odeh

| style="text-align:center;" |4.82%

| {{Composition bar|6|120|{{party color|Joint List}}}}

| style="background:{{party color|New Hope (Israel)}};"|

| New Hope

| National liberalism

| style="text-align:center;"|{{Script/Hebrew|ת}}

| –

| Gideon Sa'ar

|style="text-align:center;" |4.74%

| {{Composition bar|6|120|{{party color|New Hope (Israel)}}}}

| style="background:{{party color|Meretz}};"|

| Meretz

| Social democracy

| style="text-align:center;"|{{Script/Hebrew|מרצ}}

| –

| Nitzan Horowitz

| style="text-align:center;" |4.59%

| {{Composition bar|6|120|{{party color|Meretz}}}}

| style="background:{{party color|United Arab List}};"|

| Ra'am

| Islamism

| style="text-align:center;"|{{Script/Hebrew|עם}}

| Israeli Arab and Sunni Muslims
Negev Bedouin

| Mansour Abbas

| style="text-align:center;" |3.79%

| {{Composition bar|4|120|{{party color|United Arab List}}}}

|style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}}"|

|Independent

| –

|Amichai Chikli

| colspan="2" |{{Center|N/A}}

|{{Composition bar|1|120|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}}}

= Retiring incumbents =

The table below lists all members of the Knesset (MK) who did not stand for re-election.{{efn|This section includes individuals elected to the Knesset who resigned under the Norwegian Law. They are sorted by party and by the year in which their consecutive term as a member of the Knesset, including resignations under the Norwegian Law, began.}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"

! colspan="2" |Party

!Name

!Year first elected

! rowspan="1" style="background-color: {{party color|Joint List}}" |

||Joint List

|Osama Saadi{{cite web |date=3 September 2022 |title=Joint List MK says he won't run in upcoming Knesset elections |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/joint-list-mk-says-he-wont-run-in-upcoming-knesset-elections/ |website=The Times of Israel |access-date=3 September 2022}}

|2019

! rowspan="1" style="background-color: {{party color|Likud}}" |

||Likud

|Yuval Steinitz{{cite web |first=Noa|last=Shpigel |date=5 July 2022 |title=Two Longtime Israeli Lawmakers Say They're Quitting Politics |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/2022-07-05/ty-article/.premium/two-longtime-israeli-lawmakers-say-theyre-quitting-politics/00000181-cf8c-d982-abb3-efafd6860000 |work=Haaretz |access-date=6 July 2022}}

|1999{{Cite news |last=Azulai |first=Moran |date=5 July 2022 |title=שטייניץ פורש מהפוליטיקה: "מגיע לי ולמשפחתי לנשום קצת אוויר נקי" |language=he |trans-title=Steinitz Retires from Politics: 'I and my family deserve to breathe some fresh air' |work=Ynet |url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/rk7whuwjc |access-date=7 July 2022}}{{efn|While the 1999 Israeli general election took place on 17 May, Steinitz assumed office several months later following Netanyahu's resignation from the Knesset.}}

! rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Meretz}}" |

| rowspan="3" |Meretz

|Issawi Frej

|2021

|Ghaida Rinawie Zoabi{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-709987|title=MKs Ghanaim and Zoabi will not run for the next Knesset - report|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=21 June 2022|access-date=29 July 2022}}

|2021

|Tamar Zandberg{{Cite news |title='I Decided to Take a Break': Israeli Minister Zandberg Won't Run for Parliament |trans-title=Member of the Knesset Tamar Zandberg |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022-07-15/ty-article/.premium/i-decided-to-take-a-break-israeli-minister-zandberg-wont-run-for-knesset/00000182-0180-d084-a9ee-5b9b28ae0000 |access-date=18 July 2022 |website=Haaretz}}

|2013

! rowspan="4" style="background-color: {{party color|New Hope (Israel)}}" |

| rowspan="4" |New Hope

|Benny Begin{{cite web |date=28 July 2022 |title=MK Benny Begin, son of first Likud PM, leaves politics|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/mk-benny-begin-son-of-first-likud-pm-leaves-politics/ |website=The Times of Israel |access-date=28 July 2022}}

|2021

|Meir Yitzhak Halevi{{cite web |last=Segal |first=Amit |date=1 September 2022 |title="למרות מיקומו הריאלי": סגן השרה מאיר יצחק הלוי הודיע על פרישה |trans-title=despite his practical position - Deputy Minister Meir Yitzhak Halevi announces retirement |url=https://www.mako.co.il/news-politics/2022_q3/Article-ab303ee9ca9f281027.htm |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=N12}}

|2021

|Yoaz Hendel{{cite web |title=Communications Minister Yoaz Hendel announces he'll not run in elections |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-717061 |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=The Jerusalem Post |date=13 September 2022 |language=en-US}}

|2019

|Zvi Hauser{{Cite news |last=Cohen |first=Shirit Avitan |date=13 September 2022 |title=אחרי הפרידה משקד: השר הנדל פורש מהמירוץ לבחירות הקרובות |work=Globes |url=https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1001424372 |access-date=13 September 2022}}

|2019

! style="background:#15793d;"|

|United Arab List

|Mazen Ghnaim{{cite web |date=21 June 2022 |title=Rebel coalition MK Ghanaim says he won't run in upcoming Knesset election |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/rebel-coalition-mk-ghanaim-says-he-wont-run-in-upcoming-knesset-election/ |work=The Times of Israel |access-date=6 July 2022}}

|2021

! rowspan="1" style="background-color: {{party color|United Torah Judaism}}" |

|United Torah Judaism

|Yaakov Litzman{{cite web | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/haredi-mk-yaakov-litzman-says-he-will-not-run-for-knesset-again/ | title=Haredi MK Yaakov Litzman says he will not run for Knesset again | website=The Times of Israel|date=26 December 2021|access-date=9 October 2022}}

|1999

! rowspan="2" style="background:#3799b2;"|

| rowspan="2" |Yamina

|Naftali Bennett{{cite web |date=29 June 2022 |title=Israel's Knesset Set to Dissolve; Bennett Says He Will Not Seek Reelection |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/israel-s-knesset-set-to-dissolve-bennett-says-he-will-not-seek-reelection-/6639163.html |website=Voice of America |access-date=6 July 2022}}

|2019

|Nir Orbach{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/yamina-mk-nir-orbach-quits-politics-urges-israeli-right-to-wake-up/|title=Yamina MK Nir Orbach quits politics, urges Israeli right to 'wake up'|author=|website=The Times of Israel|date=15 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022}}

|2021

! rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Yesh Atid}}" |

| rowspan="2" |Yesh Atid

|Nira Shpak{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-716844|title=Yesh Atid MK Nira Shpak to leave Knesset, run in local elections|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=10 September 2022|access-date=12 September 2022}}

|2021

|Inbar Bezek{{cite web |title=שתי ח"כיות מיש עתיד הודיעו על פרישה |url=https://www.srugim.co.il/710590-%d7%a9%d7%aa%d7%99-%d7%97%d7%9b%d7%99%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%a9-%d7%a2%d7%aa%d7%99%d7%93-%d7%94%d7%95%d7%93%d7%99%d7%a2%d7%95-%d7%a2%d7%9c-%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%a9%d7%94 |access-date=20 September 2022 |website=סרוגים |language=he}}

|2021

= Contesting parties =

{{main list|Party lists for the 2022 Israeli legislative election}}

File:פתקי בחירות בקלפי בגבעת נשר בבחירות לכנסת ה-25.jpg

Forty parties initially submitted lists to participate in the elections, however, one party withdrew, leaving 39 parties.{{cite web | last1=Keller-Lynn | first1=Carrie | last2=Gur | first2=Haviv Rettig | last3=Schneider | first3=Tal | last4=Magid | first4=Jacob | title=Fifth time's a charm? ToI's guide to the 39 parties vying for your vote, again | website=The Times of Israel | date=26 October 2022 | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/fifth-times-a-charm-tois-guide-to-the-39-parties-vying-for-your-vote-again/}} Among these, were the following:

Ale Yarok{{Cite tweet|user=IsraelexLive|number=1570472158954135552|title=Next up: Green Leaf, a pro-marijuana party that has a long and storied history but has never made it into the Knesset. They didn't run last time.|access-date=17 September 2022|date=15 September 2022}}
Balad{{cite web |author=Staff writer|title=High Court overturns election bans for Arab Balad party and ex-Yamina MK Chikli|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/high-court-overturns-election-bans-for-arab-balad-party-and-ex-yamina-mk-chikli/ |access-date=9 October 2022|date=9 October 2022|work=The Times of Israel}}
Economic Freedom Party{{cite web |last=Baruch |first=Hezki |date=4 September 2022 |title=Former Yamina MK registers candidates for new Economic Freedom party|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/former-yamina-mk-registers-candidates-for-new-economic-freedom-party/|website=The Times of Israel |access-date=15 September 2022}}
Fiery Youth{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/20-year-old-protest-candidate-known-for-tiktok-videos-files-her-partys-knesset-slate/|title=20-year-old protest candidate known for TikTok videos files her party's Knesset slate|date=15 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn|work=The Times of Israel}}
Free Democratic Israel{{Cite news |date=14 September 2022 |title=Party registration opens at Knesset ahead of November 1 election |language=en |website=The Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/party-registration-opens-at-knesset-ahead-of-november-1-election/|access-date=14 September 2022}}
Ihud Bnei HaBrit{{cite web | url=https://ch10.co.il/news/767598/#.Yz4xo3bMKDY | title=החלה הגשת הרשימות לכנסת ה-25: תסתיים מחר ב-22:00 • שידור חי | date=14 September 2022|website=ch10.co.il|language=he }}
Hadash–Ta'al{{cite web |last=Keller-Lynn |first=Carrie |title=Arab-led Joint List splits into 2 factions, shuffling political deck at last minute|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/arab-led-joint-list-splits-into-2-factions-shuffling-political-deck-at-last-minute/ |access-date=15 September 2022|work=The Times of Israel}}
Labor{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/labor-files-electoral-slate-closing-door-on-possible-joint-run-with-meretz/|title=Labor files electoral slate, closing door on possible joint run with Meretz|date=15 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn|work=The Times of Israel}}
Likud{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/likud-no-2-files-electoral-slate-needles-shaked-but-stops-short-of-urging-her-to-quit/|title=Likud No. 2 files electoral slate, needles Shaked but stops short of urging her to quit|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn|website=The Times of Israel|date=15 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022}}
Meretz
National Unity{{cite web |last=Keller-Lynn |first=Carrie |title=National Unity, Religious Zionism and Yisrael Beytenu submit final candidate lists|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/national-unity-religious-zionism-and-yisrael-beytenu-submit-final-candidate-lists/ |access-date=14 September 2022|website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US|date=14 September 2022}}
New Economic Party{{cite web |last=Breuer |first=Eliav |title=Israel Elections: Parties hand in Knesset lists before deadline|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-elections/article-717152 |access-date=14 September 2022|website=The Jerusalem Post|date=14 September 2022}}
Pirate Party{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/colorful-pirate-party-registers-to-run-in-upcoming-election/|title=Colorful Pirate Party registers to run in upcoming election|date=14 September 2022|access-date=14 September 2022|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn|work=The Times of Israel}}
Religious Zionism
Shas
The Jewish Home{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/shaked-led-jewish-home-files-candidates-for-november-1-vote-day-after-merger-deal/|title=Shaked-led Jewish Home files candidates for November 1 vote, day after merger deal|work=The Times of Israel|date=15 September 2022|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn}}
United Arab List{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/mansour-abbas-vows-to-continue-political-partnership-as-raam-submits-electoral-list/|title=Mansour Abbas vows to continue 'political partnership' as Ra'am submits electoral list|date=15 September 2022|access-date=15 September 2022|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn|work=The Times of Israel}}
United Torah Judaism{{cite web |last=Breuer |first=Eliav |title=Israel Elections: Joint List falls apart, Balad to run separately|date=15 September 2022 |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-elections/article-717268 |access-date=15 September 2022}}
Yesh Atid{{cite web |last=Keller-Lynn |first=Carrie |title=Yesh Atid files electoral slate, signaling end of Labor-Meretz unity push |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/yesh-atid-files-electoral-slate-signaling-end-of-labor-meretz-unity-push/ |access-date=15 September 2022|date=15 September 2022 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US}}
Yisrael Beiteinu

=Not running=

Derekh Eretz dropped out of the race on 13 September 2022.{{Cite news |date=13 September 2022 |title=Minister Hendel bows out of Knesset race, days after Zionist Spirit breakup |url= https://www.timesofisrael.com/minister-hendel-bows-out-of-knesset-race-days-after-zionist-spirit-breakup/ |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en}}

Leadership elections and primaries

Leadership elections were held by some parties to determine party leadership ahead of the election. Primary elections were held by some parties in advance of the national election to determine the composition of their party list.

=Balad=

Balad party leader Sami Abu Shehadeh gained another term as party leader in a vote held by party members on 6 August.{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/mk-sami-abu-shehadeh-retains-role-as-balad-faction-leader/|title=MK Sami Abu Shehadeh retains role as Balad faction leader|work=The Times of Israel|date=6 August 2022|access-date=6 August 2022|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn}}

=Hadash=

Hadash held its party primary on 13 August. Party head Ayman Odeh was re-elected.{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-714635|title=Israel Elections: Hadash re-elects Odeh as head, Touma-Sliman and Cassif|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=13 August 2022|access-date=13 August 2022}}

=Labor=

The leadership election for the Israeli Labor Party was held on 18 July, where party leader Merav Michaeli defeated party secretary general Eran Hermoni in a historic consecutive win by a party leader.{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/michaeli-clinches-second-elected-term-as-labor-leader-a-first-in-partys-history/|title=Michaeli clinches second elected term as Labor leader, a first in party's history|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn|work=The Times of Israel|date=18 July 2022|access-date=18 July 2022}}

The Israeli Labor Party primaries took place on 9 August.{{cite web |title=Labor primaries: Younger MKs take top spots; Barlev and Shai likely out |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/young-guard-grab-top-spots-in-labor-primary-barlev-and-shai-seemingly-ousted/|website=The Times of Israel |access-date=10 August 2022|date=9 August 2022|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn}}

=Likud=

Benjamin Netanyahu did not face a challenge for the party leadership.{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/as-likud-primaries-near-final-date-and-procedures-still-in-the-air/|title=As Likud primaries near, final date and procedures still in the air|date=5 July 2022|access-date=16 July 2022|work=The Times of Israel|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn}} Likud MK Yuli Edelstein, a former health minister and speaker of the Knesset, had initially stated an intent to challenge Netanyahu in 2021 but announced in late June 2022 that he would not do so.{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/edelstein-steps-back-from-vow-to-challenge-netanyahu-for-likud-leadership/|title=Edelstein, who said Netanyahu can't win, abandons Likud leadership challenge|work=The Times of Israel|date=23 June 2022}} Netanyahu last faced an internal leadership challenge in 2019, when he defeated Gideon Sa'ar by a large margin; Sa'ar then left the Likud in 2020 to form New Hope. The planned leadership election was cancelled on 19 July, as no one besides Netanyahu contested it.{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-cements-likud-chairmanship-as-leadership-primary-formally-nixed/|title=Unchallenged Netanyahu cements Likud chairmanship; leadership primary formally nixed|date=19 July 2022|access-date=19 July 2022|work=The Times of Israel|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn}}

Likud is one of several Israeli parties that allows its membership to determine a portion of the party's electoral list. The Likud's electoral list is composed of candidates selected by four methods: national primary elections, regional representatives (chosen from 10 regions), slots set aside for minorities, and slots filled by the party leader (Netanyahu).{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-711738|title=Druze rage at Likud moves minority slot to #44 on list|work=The Jerusalem Post|first=Eliav|last=Breuer|date=11 July 2022|access-date=12 July 2022}} The primaries took place on 10 August.{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-elections/article-714431|title=Likud primaries: Who is number 1? Which MKs are out and where is Miri Regev?|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=12 August 2022|first=Eliav|last=Breuer}} Contenders included Netanyahu's economic advisor Avi Simhon,{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-economic-adviser-to-run-in-likud-primaries/|title=Netanyahu's economic adviser to run in Likud primaries|work=The Times of Israel|date=3 July 2022|access-date=3 July 2022|first=David|last=Rosenberg}} far-right former MK Moshe Feiglin, and former MK Ayoob Kara.{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/far-right-ex-mk-feiglin-dips-feet-back-into-likud-after-failed-bid-to-go-solo/|title=Far-right ex-MK Feiglin dips feet back into Likud after failed solo Knesset run|work=The Times of Israel|date=3 July 2022|access-date=3 July 2022}} A Likud party committee moved the minority slot to a low position on the party list (No. 44), making it unlikely that the candidate selected to fill the slot would be elected. This move angered the Druze, including Likud MK Fateen Mulla, who currently fills the Likud minority seat.

=Meretz=

Yair Golan announced on 6 July that he would run in the Meretz leadership election and challenge incumbent Nitzan Horowitz.{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/meretz-leadership-in-play-as-golan-enters-race-against-horowitz/|title=Meretz leadership in play as Golan enters race against Horowitz|work=The Times of Israel|date=6 July 2022|access-date=6 July 2022|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn}} Horowitz announced on 12 July that he would not run in the leadership election.{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-711867|title=Nitzan Horowitz to step down as Meretz head|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=12 July 2022|access-date=12 July 2022|first=Eliav|last=Breuer}} Former party leader Zehava Gal-On announced on 19 July that she will also run.{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-712539|title=Zehava Galon announces candidacy for Meretz primaries|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=19 July 2022|access-date=19 July 2022}}

The election committee of the party selected 23 August as the date for the party primary and the leadership primary.{{cite web|url=https://www.israelnationalnews.com/flashes/581805|title=Meretz primaries set for August 23|work=Arutz Sheva|date=14 July 2022|access-date=15 July 2022}} Gal-On defeated Golan, returning to her former position as Meretz leader.{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/galon-clinches-meretz-leadership-race-returning-to-lead-left-wing-party/|title=Galon wins Meretz leadership race, returning to head left-wing party after 3 years|work=The Times of Israel|date=23 August 2022|access-date=23 August 2022|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn}}

=Religious Zionist=

The Religious Zionist Party held its primaries digitally on 23 August.{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/religious-zionism-primary-keeps-sitting-mks-at-top-of-knesset-slate/|title=Religious Zionism primary keeps sitting MKs at top of Knesset slate|work=The Times of Israel|date=23 August 2022|access-date=23 August 2022|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn}} The candidate deadline was 2 August.{{cite news |first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn |date=29 July 2022 |title='We have no home': Undecided former Yamina voters wait for least worst option |work=The Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/we-have-no-home-undecided-former-yamina-voters-wait-for-least-worst-option/|access-date=29 July 2022}}

=Ta'al=

Ta'al held its party primary on 27 August.{{cite web|url=https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/356687|title=Tibi's party to remain part of Joint List|work=Arutz Sheva|date=18 July 2022|access-date=17 July 2022|author=Dalit Halevi}} Party leader Ahmad Tibi was re-elected.{{Cite news |title=אוסאמה סעדי משך את מועמדותו והבחירות הפנימיות בתע"ל הסתיימו ללא הכרעה |language=he |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politi/2022-09-03/ty-article/.premium/00000183-0310-de92-a7d7-5b5dc93a0000 |access-date=31 October 2022}}

=United Arab List=

Mansour Abbas was approved for another term as the party leader of the United Arab List on 6 August.{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/mansour-abbas-secures-another-term-leading-raam/|title=Mansour Abbas secures another term leading Ra'am|work=The Times of Israel|date=6 August 2022|access-date=6 August 2022|first=Carrie|last=Keller-Lynn}}

Opinion polls

{{main|Opinion polling for the 2022 Israeli legislative election}}

This graph shows the polling trends from the 2021 Israeli legislative election until the next election day using a 4-poll moving average. Scenario polls are not included here. For parties not crossing the electoral threshold (currently 3.25%) in any given poll, the number of seats is calculated as a percentage of the 120 total seats.

{{wide image|Opinion polls Israel 2022.svg|1000px|Local regression of polls conducted}}

Debates

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%; line-height:15px; text-align:center;"

! rowspan="3" |Date

! rowspan="3" |Organizer

! rowspan="3" |Moderator

! colspan="14" | {{Colors|black|#90FF90| P }} Present {{Colors|black|#CCFFCC| I }} Invitee {{Colors|black|#FFD0D0| N }} Non-invitee

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |Likud

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |Yesh Atid

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |Shas

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |Blue & White

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |Yamina

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |Labor

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |UTJ

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |Yisrael Beiteinu

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |Religious Zionist

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |Joint List

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |New Hope

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |Meretz

! scope="col" style="width:5em;" |Ra'am

! rowspan="2" |Refs

! style="background:{{party color|Likud}}" |

! style="background:{{party color|Yesh Atid}}" |

! style="background:{{party color|Shas}}" |

! style="background:{{party color|Blue and White (political alliance)}}" |

! style="background:{{party color|Yamina}}" |

! style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}" |

! style="background:{{party color|United Torah Judaism}}" |

! style="background:{{party color|Yisrael Beiteinu}}" |

! style="background:{{party color|Religious Zionist Party}}" |

! style="background:{{party color|Joint List}}" |

! style="background:{{party color|New Hope (Israel)}}" |

! style="background:{{party color|Meretz}}" |

! style="background:{{party color|United Arab List}}" |

|3 October 2022

|Yad LeOlim

|Dov Lipman

| style="background:#90FF90" |P
Nir Barkat

| style="background:#90FF90" |P
Merav Ben-Ari