Yibna Bridge
{{Infobox bridge|
| image = Mamluk bridge, Yavne008.jpg
| bridge_name = Yibna Bridge
| native_name = {{Unbulleted list|{{lang|he|rtl=yes|גשר יבנה}}|{{lang|ar|rtl=yes|جسر يبنا}}}}
| crosses = Nahal Sorek
| open = 1273–1274 CE
| below =
| design = Arch
| length = 48 metres
| width = 11.5 metres
}}
The Yibna Bridge ({{langx|he|גשר יבנה}}, {{langx|ar|جسر يبنا|}}) or Nahr Rubin Bridge is a Mamluk arch bridge near Yibna, which crosses the Nahal Sorek (formerly known as Nahr Rubin, or Wadi al-Tahuna). It was previously used by Route 410 to Rehovot, and was known as the Jumping Bridge ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|הגשר הקופץ}}) due to a bump in the middle of the bridge which caused cars to jump if speeding.{{cite book |last1= Jacobs |first1= Daniel |author2= Shirley Eber |author3= Francesca Silvani |title= Israel and the Palestinian Territories |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TRc9ea_CKOUC&pg=RA1-PA12 |year=1998 |publisher= Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-85828-248-0 |page=12}} It is now a part of a recreation ground, next to a new bridge carrying the Route 410.
History
File:Mamluk bridge, Yavne005.jpg
The bridge was one in a series of bridges built by Sultan Baybars in Egypt and Palestine. It was first studied in modern times by Clermont-Ganneau, who noted that an Arabic chronicle had referred to the construction by Baybars in 672 AH of two bridges build of a significant nature "in the neighbourhood of Ramleh". The chief purpose of these bridges was to ease communication for his armies between Egypt and northern Syria.Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP II, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/110/mode/1up 110]–117 The second of these two bridges is thought to be the Jisr Jindas.
According to Clermont-Ganneau, the bridge was built in 671–672 AH (1273–1274).Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/174/mode/1up 174]; Reinecke, 1992, II, 38 No. 170. Both cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 318] The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land cites the completion date as 1273.Levy, 1995, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TqRIlVBRv34C&pg=PA517 517]
Max van Berchem, who examined it in the late 19th century, found that the bridge contained large amount of reused Crusader masonry, some of which carried mason's marks.Clermont-Ganneau, 1896, ARP II, [https://archive.org/stream/archaeologicalre02cler#page/182/mode/1up p. 182] Also cited in Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 318]
Description
The bridge is {{convert|48|m}} long, and {{convert|11.5|m}} wide.Petersen, 2001, p. [https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z 318] It comprises three arches, two central piers with triangular upstream-facing cutwaters and downstream-facing buttresses with sloping cills.
It is very similar in design to the more well-known Jisr Jindas, apart from the width of the piers.Petersen, 2010, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2635988/Bridges_in_Medieval_Palestine 297] The bridge has a more than 2:1 arch-span to pier-width ratio versus approximately 1:1 at Jisr Jindas.
The bridge does not contain any decoration or inscriptions, similar to that found on Jisr Jindas. However, according to Andrew Petersen there is "a possible inscription or signature" on a stone at the south end.
See also
- Barid, Muslim postal network renewed during Mamluk period (roads, bridges, khans)
- Jisr al-Ghajar, stone bridge south of Ghajar
- Daughters of Jacob Bridge (Jisr Banat Yaqub), Mamluk bridge on the upper Jordan River
- Al-Sinnabra Crusader bridge, with nearby Jisr Umm el-Qanatir/Jisr Semakh and Jisr es-Sidd further downstream
- Jisr el-Majami bridge over the Jordan, with Mamluk khan
- Jisr Jindas bridge over the Ayalon near Lydda and Ramla
- Isdud Bridge (Mamluk, 13th century) outside Ashdod/Isdud
- Jisr ed-Damiye, bridges over the Jordan (Roman, Mamluk, modern)
References
{{reflist|25em}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book|last=Clermont-Ganneau|first=C.S.|authorlink=Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau|title=[ARP] Archaeological Researches in Palestine 1873–1874, translated from the French by J. McFarlane|url=https://archive.org/details/archaeologicalre02cler|volume=2|year=1896|publisher=Palestine Exploration Fund|location=London}}
- {{cite book|title=Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqRIlVBRv34C|first=T.E.|last=Levy|authorlink=Thomas E. Levy|year=1995|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=0718513886}}
- {{cite book|last=Meinecke|first=M.|authorlink=Michael Meinecke|title=Die mamlukishe Architecktur in Agypten und Syrien|volume=2|location=Gluckstadt|year=1992}}
- {{cite book|title=A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)|url=https://www.academia.edu/21620272|first=Andrew|last=Petersen|year=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780197270110}}
- Petersen, A. (2010): [https://www.academia.edu/2635988/Bridges_in_Medieval_Palestine Bridges in Medieval Palestine], in U. Vermeulen & K. Dhulster (eds.), [http://www.peeters-leuven.be/boekoverz.asp?nr=8299 History of Egypt & Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyubid & Mamluk Eras V] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604092630/http://www.peeters-leuven.be/boekoverz.asp?nr=8299 |date=2016-06-04 }}, V. Peeters, Leuven
{{refend}}
External links
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8375 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.13.jpg Wikimedia commons]
{{coord|31|52|10.35|N|34|45|8.55|E|region:SY_type:city|display=title}}
Category:Bridges completed in the 13th century