Yinwum dialect

{{Short description|Extinct Paman language of Australia}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Yinwum

| states = Australia

| region = Cape York Peninsula, Queensland

| ethnicity = Yinwum, ?Nyuwathayi

| extinct = by 1960s

| ref = e25

| familycolor = Australian

| fam1 = Pama–Nyungan

| fam2 = Paman

| fam3 = North Cape York

| fam4 = Northern

| fam5 = Uradhi

| dia1 = ?Njuwadhai

| iso3 = yxm

| aiatsis = Y29

| glotto = yinw1236

| glottorefname = Yinwum

}}

Yinwum is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Yinwum people. It is unknown when it became extinct,{{cite journal | author = Ernst Kausen | year = 2005 | title = Australische Sprachen | url = http://homepages.fh-giessen.de/kausen/klassifikationen/Australisch.doc}} but it was no longer spoken by the 1960s. Historically, it underwent some unusual phonological changes that are difficult to classify and understand in phonetic terms.

Phonology

=Consonants=

class="IPA wikitable"

|+Consonants of YinwumKenneth Hale, 1976, Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages, pp.12

!rowspan=2|

!colspan=2| Peripheral

!colspan=2| Laminal

!colspan=2| Apical

Bilabial

! Velar

! Palatal

! Dental

! Alveolar

! Retroflex

align=center

! Nasal

| m

| ŋ

| ɲ

| n̪

| n

|

align=center

! Prenasalised stop

| ⁿp

| ⁿk

| ⁿc

| ⁿt̪

| ⁿt   ⁿtʳ

|

align=center

! Plosive

| p

| k

| c

| t̪

| t   tʳ

|

align=center

! Fricative

| β

| ɣ

|

| ð

|

|

align=center

! Vibrant

|

|

|

|

| r

|

align=center

! Approximant

| colspan=2| w

| j

|

| l

| ɻ

{{IPA|/ⁿtʳ/}} and {{IPA|/tʳ/}} are post-trilled consonants (trilled affricates).

=Vowels=

class="IPA wikitable"

|+Vowels of Yinwum

! Front

! Back

align=center

! High

| i

| u

align=center

! Mid

| e

|

align=center

! Low

| colspan="2" | a

References

{{reflist}}

{{Pama–Nyungan languages|Paman}}

Category:Northern Paman languages

{{ia-lang-stub}}