Yinwum dialect
{{Short description|Extinct Paman language of Australia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Yinwum
| states = Australia
| region = Cape York Peninsula, Queensland
| ethnicity = Yinwum, ?Nyuwathayi
| extinct = by 1960s
| ref = e25
| familycolor = Australian
| fam1 = Pama–Nyungan
| fam2 = Paman
| fam3 = North Cape York
| fam4 = Northern
| fam5 = Uradhi
| dia1 = ?Njuwadhai
| iso3 = yxm
| aiatsis = Y29
| glotto = yinw1236
| glottorefname = Yinwum
}}
Yinwum is an extinct Paman language formerly spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Yinwum people. It is unknown when it became extinct,{{cite journal | author = Ernst Kausen | year = 2005 | title = Australische Sprachen | url = http://homepages.fh-giessen.de/kausen/klassifikationen/Australisch.doc}} but it was no longer spoken by the 1960s. Historically, it underwent some unusual phonological changes that are difficult to classify and understand in phonetic terms.
Phonology
=Consonants=
class="IPA wikitable"
|+Consonants of YinwumKenneth Hale, 1976, Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages, pp.12 !rowspan=2| !colspan=2| Peripheral !colspan=2| Laminal !colspan=2| Apical |
Bilabial
! Velar ! Palatal ! Dental ! Alveolar |
---|
align=center
! Nasal | m | ŋ | ɲ | n̪ | n | |
align=center
| ⁿp | ⁿk | ⁿc | ⁿt̪ | ⁿt ⁿtʳ | |
align=center
! Plosive | p | k | c | t̪ | t tʳ | |
align=center
| β | ɣ | | ð | | |
align=center
! Vibrant | | | | | r | |
align=center
| colspan=2| w | j | | l | ɻ |
{{IPA|/ⁿtʳ/}} and {{IPA|/tʳ/}} are post-trilled consonants (trilled affricates).