Yumen City#Economy
{{Other uses|Yumenguan}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2012}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Yumen
| official_name =
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|玉门市}}}}
| other_name =
| settlement_type = County-level city
| image_skyline = 玉门市玉泽湖公园，玉泽湖和远处的楼阁 Yuzehu Park, Yuzehu and the pavilion in the distance, Yumen, Gansu Province, Aug 2017.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Yuzehu Park, Yumen, Gansu Province
| image_flag =
| flag_alt =
| image_seal =
| seal_alt =
| image_shield =
| shield_alt =
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map = Location of Yumen within Gansu (China).png
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location of Yumen City (pink) within Jiuquan City (yellow) and Gansu
| pushpin_map = Gansu#China
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Gansu
| coordinates = {{coord|39|50|N|97|34|E|region:CN-62|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = China
| subdivision_type1 = Province
| subdivision_name1 = Gansu
| subdivision_type2 = Prefecture-level city
| subdivision_name2 = Jiuquan
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type = Municipal seat
| seat = Yumen Town
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =13500
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| area_note =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 1507
| population_footnotes = {{cite web |url =http://www.jiuquan.gov.cn//jiuquan/c100027/202106/1450cc786f0c4fbe8fdf3e44bf44a092.shtml |title =酒泉市第七次全国人口普查公报 |publisher = Government of Jiuquan |language = zh |date = 2021-06-01 }}
| population_total = 137736
| population_as_of =2020
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone1 = China Standard
| utc_offset1 = +8
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 735211
| area_code_type =
| area_code = 0937
| iso_code =
| website = {{URL|http://www.yumen.gov.cn/}}
| footnotes =
}}
Yumen ({{zh|s={{linktext|玉门}} |t={{linktext|玉門}} |p=Yùmén}}, literally, "Jade Gate") is a city in western Gansu province, China. It is a county-level city with a population of 106,812 (2002 est.), and is part of Jiuquan "prefecture-level city" (a multi-county administrative unit). It is located on the Silk Road and is best known for its oil production.
The city's name is often confused with the Yumen Guan or Jade Gate which is the frontier-pass of ancient times, the entrance to the old Silk Roads, which was situated not far to the west of Dunhuang. Although both Yumen City and Yumen Gate are within Jiuquan, the latter is some {{convert|400|km}} to the west from the former.
History
The site of Yumen was brought under Chinese control around the end of the 2nd century BCE. Yumen was known as 'Huiji' in the 5th century when the area was reclaimed by the Northern Wei dynasty (386–534/535) and was soon after renamed back to Yumen in 581. Under the Tang dynasty (618–907), Yumen's county seat was located at Chijinzhen which is east of the present Yumen City. The city was then under Tibetan control around 770 CE for some 70 years. After the Tang dynasty, Yumen became a part of the Western Xia (1038–1227). During the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the area came under Tibetan control again and was only reestablished later on in the early Qing dynasty (1644–1912).
In 1939, the first oilfield in China was established at Yumen.
In 2003, with the approval of the State Council, the Yumen Municipal Government moved from the old urban area (now Laojunmiao Town), which was dominated by the oil industry, to Yumen Town, which was mainly based on agriculture. The population of the old town has since dropped from 135,000 at its peak to 15,000.{{Cite web |title=探访中国第一座“弃城”：房价看心情 |url=https://www.yicai.com/news/100257827.html |access-date=2025-02-11 |website=www.yicai.com}}
In 2014, areas of the city were sealed off after a resident died of the bubonic plague. Districts of the city which house up to 100,000 were turned into quarantine zones. The city allocated 1 million yuan to be used for emergency vaccinations.{{Cite web |date=23 July 2014 |title=Bubonic plague death in Yumen, China sparks quarantine: Xinhua |url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/bubonic-plague-death-in-yumen-china-sparks-quarantine-xinhua-20140723-zvx4w.html}}
Administrative divisions
Yumen City is divided to 1 subdistrict, 10 towns, 2 ethnic townships and 5 others.{{cite web
|url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/
|title = 统计用区划代码 www.stats.gov.cn
|publisher = XZQH
|language = zh
|access-date = 2020-12-27}}
;Subdistricts
- Xinshiqu Subdistrict ({{lang|zh-Hans|新市区街道}})
;Towns
valign="top"|
|valign="top"|
|
;Ethnic townships
- Xiaojinwan Dongxiang Ethnic Township ({{lang|zh-Hans|小金湾东乡族乡}})
- Dushanzi Dongxiang Ethnic Township ({{lang|zh-Hans|独山子东乡族乡}}
;Others
- State-owned Horse Drinking Farm ({{lang|zh-Hans|国营饮马农场}})
- State-owned Yellow Flower Farm Dongxiangzu Township ({{lang|zh-Hans|国营黄花农场}})
- Gansu Nongken Yusheng Agricultural Company ({{lang|zh-Hans|甘肃农垦裕盛农业公司}})
- Gansu Provincial Agricultural Reclamation Construction Engineering Company ({{lang|zh-Hans|甘肃省农垦建筑工程公司}})
- Gansu mining area ({{lang|zh-Hans|甘肃矿区}})
Economy
The overland route to Western Asia from China flourished until the end of the Tang dynasty. Furthermore, due to increased use of sea transportation, Yumen became a backwater.
There were two catalysts for Yumen's rapid revival in the 1930s and 40s. The construction of a modern highway over the old caravan route from Yumen to Ürümqi (capital of the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang) and continuing on-wards to Kazakhstan. The railway of Yumen is the linking point of the railway line between Lanzhou (capital of Gansu) and Ürümqi.
After the discovery of oil in the Jiuquan basin, to the north of the Qilian Mountains the city's economy was given another major push. The first oil was drilled at Laojunmiao near Yumen in 1939 where an appreciable production was achieved in 1941. Only until 1949 did large-scale development begin, and prospecting in 1950 revealed much larger reserves than had been speculated. Yumen has its own refinery but is also linked by pipeline to a refinery at Lanzhou. Other than oil drilling and refining, Yumen also has thermal and wind power-generating facilities. Manufacturing includes machinery, building materials, chemical fertilizers and process agricultural products.{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/654376/Yumen|title=Yumen | China}}
China appears to be constructing 120 missile silos near Yumen.{{cite news |title=China nuclear missile silos |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/china-nuclear-missile-silos/2021/06/30/0fa8debc-d9c2-11eb-bb9e-70fda8c37057_story.html |access-date=30 June 2021 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=30 June 2021}}
Geography and climate
Yumen has a cold desert climate (Köppen BWk), with an annual total precipitation of {{convert|67|mm|2}}, the majority of which occurs in summer. Winters are long and cold, with a 24-hour average temperature of {{convert|−9.8|°C|1}} in January, while summers are very warm, with a July average of {{convert|21.7|°C}}; the annual mean is {{convert|7.13|°C|1}}. The diurnal temperature variation reaches or exceeds {{convert|15|C-change|0}} for much of the year. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 67% in March to 80% in October, the city receives 3,214 hours of bright sunshine annually.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Yumen, elevation {{convert|1526|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals)
|Jan high C = -2.8
|Feb high C = 2.9
|Mar high C = 10.4
|Apr high C = 18.4
|May high C = 23.7
|Jun high C = 28.0
|Jul high C = 29.9
|Aug high C = 28.7
|Sep high C = 23.5
|Oct high C = 15.9
|Nov high C = 6.7
|Dec high C = -1.4
|Jan mean C = -9.9
|Feb mean C = -4.9
|Mar mean C = 2.4
|Apr mean C = 10.4
|May mean C = 16.2
|Jun mean C = 20.9
|Jul mean C = 22.7
|Aug mean C = 21.0
|Sep mean C = 15.0
|Oct mean C = 7.5
|Nov mean C = -0.5
|Dec mean C = -7.9
|Jan low C = -15.4
|Feb low C = -11.2
|Mar low C = -4.3
|Apr low C = 2.8
|May low C = 8.1
|Jun low C = 12.9
|Jul low C = 14.8
|Aug low C = 13.1
|Sep low C = 7.7
|Oct low C = 0.9
|Nov low C = -5.9
|Dec low C = -13.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 1.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 1.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 5.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 4.4
|May precipitation mm = 8.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 14.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 13.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 12.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 7.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 2.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 2.2
|Dec precipitation mm = 2.6
|Jan humidity = 56
|Feb humidity = 42
|Mar humidity = 35
|Apr humidity = 30
|May humidity = 31
|Jun humidity = 39
|Jul humidity = 46
|Aug humidity = 45
|Sep humidity = 44
|Oct humidity = 40
|Nov humidity = 47
|Dec humidity = 57
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 2.6
|Feb precipitation days = 1.4
|Mar precipitation days = 2.4
|Apr precipitation days = 2.3
|May precipitation days = 3.5
|Jun precipitation days = 4.4
|Jul precipitation days = 5.9
|Aug precipitation days = 4.6
|Sep precipitation days = 2.3
|Oct precipitation days = 1.3
|Nov precipitation days = 1.7
|Dec precipitation days = 3.4
|year precipitation days =
|Jan sun = 215.6
|Feb sun = 211.7
|Mar sun = 253.2
|Apr sun = 277.7
|May sun = 311.5
|Jun sun = 308.1
|Jul sun = 306.1
|Aug sun = 299.5
|Sep sun = 281.8
|Oct sun = 273.9
|Nov sun = 223.7
|Dec sun = 210.7
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 72
| Feb percentsun = 69
| Mar percentsun = 68
| Apr percentsun = 69
| May percentsun = 69
| Jun percentsun = 69
| Jul percentsun = 68
| Aug percentsun = 71
| Sep percentsun = 77
| Oct percentsun = 81
| Nov percentsun = 76
| Dec percentsun = 73
| year percentsun =
|Jan snow days = 5.1
|Feb snow days = 2.7
|Mar snow days = 3.1
|Apr snow days = 1.3
|May snow days = 0.2
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0.1
|Oct snow days = 0.8
|Nov snow days = 2.6
|Dec snow days = 5.7
|year snow days =
|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=24 September 2023}}
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =24 September 2023}}
}}
References
{{Reflist}}
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{{County-level divisions of Gansu}}
{{Most populous cities in Gansu}}
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