Yusif Sayigh

{{Short description|Palestinian economist and politician (1916–2004)}}

{{Infobox academic

| image = Yusif Sayigh.png

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| birth_name = Yusif Abdullah Sayigh

| birth_date = 1916

| birth_place = Al Bassa, Ottoman Empire

| death_date = {{death year and age|2004|1916}}

| death_place = Beirut, Lebanon

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| nationality = Palestinian

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| occupation = Academic

| period = 1950s–1990s

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| title = Professor

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| spouse = Rosemary Sayigh

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| children = 3, including Yezid Sayigh

| parents = {{ubl|Abdullah Sayigh (father)| Afifa Batruni (mother)}}

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| alma_mater = {{ubl|American University of Beirut |Johns Hopkins University}}

| thesis_title = Entrepreneurship and development: Private, public and joint entreprise in underdeveloped countries

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| thesis_year = 1957

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| discipline = Economics

| sub_discipline = Development economics

| workplaces = American University of Beirut

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Yusif Sayigh (1916–2004) was a Palestinian economist, academic and politician. He was an Arab nationalist and is known for his both academic and practical activities on economic development of Arabs.

Early life and education

Sayigh was born in al-Bassa, northern Palestine, in 1916.{{cite book|title=Yusif Sayigh: Library Catalog

|url=https://library.villanova.edu/Find/Record/in00000010429/Description#tabnav|access-date=25 October 2023|website=Falvey Library

|isbn=9781617976438}}{{cite journal|author=Elaine C. Hagopian|title=Book review. Yusif Sayigh, Arab Economist, Palestinian Patriot: A Fractured Life Story|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A448364974/AONE?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=b023e81e|journal=Arab Studies Quarterly|date=Winter 2016|volume=38|issue=1}} He was the eldest of Abdullah Sayigh and Afifa Batruni's six sons, including Fayez Sayigh, Anis Sayigh and Tawfiq Sayigh. He also had a sister, Mary. His father was a Protestant pastor of Syrian origin, and his mother was a native of al-Bassa.{{cite journal|title=Prisoner of War: Yusif Sayigh, 1948 to 1949. Excerpts from his recollections|url=https://www.palestine-studies.org/en/node/77903|issue=29|journal=Jerusalem Quarterly|date=Winter 2007}} Shortly after the birth of Yusif, the family moved to Kharaba, Syria.

When a Druze revolt occurred in 1925, the family had to leave Kharaba and settled in al-Bassa. His father was assigned to a church in Tiberias in 1930 where they lived until May 1948. They were forced to leave the city which was captured by the Zionist forces of the newly founded Israel state after the Deir Yassin massacre.{{cite book

|location=Amsterdam; Atlanta, GA|isbn=9789004485181|page=227|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004485181_014|volume=5|chapter=The Christ Figure in Ṣâyigh’s Poetry|doi=10.1163/9789004485181_014 |s2cid=244495165 }}{{cite journal|author=Sami Hadawi|title=Catastrophe Overtakes the Palestinians: Memoirs, Part II|page=115|journal=Jerusalem Quarterly|year=2014|issue=59|id={{ProQuest|1694694253}}

|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1694694253|author-link=Sami Hadawi}}

Sayigh went to Sidon at age 13 for high school education and obtained a degree in business administration from American University of Beirut in 1938.{{cite book|editor=Cheryl A. Rubenberg|title=Encyclopedia of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

|isbn=978-1-58826-686-6|doi=10.1515/9781588269621|editor-link=Cheryl Rubenberg}} During the Arab revolt in Palestine between 1936 and 1939 he began to take part in political activities boycotting the shops run by the Jews and wearing the fez as a symbol of nationalist resistance.

Sayigh received his MA degree from the American University of Beirut in 1952, and his thesis was entitled Economic Implications of UNRWA Operations in Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon.{{cite thesis|author=Yusif A. Sayigh|title=Economic Implications of UNRWA Operations in Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon|location=American University of Beirut|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2317614465|id={{ProQuest|2317614465}}

|year=1952|hdl=10938/8945|degree=MA}} During his university studies he joined the Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) led by Antoun Saadeh.{{cite book|author=Carl C. Yonker|title=The Rise and Fall of Greater Syria: A Political History of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party|publisher=De Gruyter|location=Berlin; Boston|year=2021|isbn=978-3-11-072914-6|page=145

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gBcmEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT145}} Sayigh went to the US for the doctorate studies in 1954 when he was awarded a Fulbright scholarship and graduated from Johns Hopkins University in 1957 obtaining a PhD .{{cite book|title=External Research: ERS.|year=1958|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPtIAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA8|page=8}} His PhD thesis was entitled Entrepreneurship and development: Private, public and joint entreprise in underdeveloped countries. It was published with the title Entrepreneurs of Lebanon in 1962.

Career and activities

Sayigh was first employed as a lecturer in Tikrit, Iraq, between 1939 and 1940 after he received a degree in business. He had to return to Tiberias because of his mother's illness and worked at the Tiberias Hotel. Then he became an official in the Bayt al-Mal which was the fund of the Arab Higher Committee. During this period he also headed the Palestinian branch of the SSNP.{{cite book|page=439|year=2005|title=Encyclopedia of the Palestinians|isbn=9780816069866|chapter=Sayigh (family)|author=Michael R. Fischbach|editor=Philip Mattar|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GkbzYoZtaJMC&pg=PA438|location=New York

|publisher=Facts on File Inc.}}

At the end of World War II Sayigh involved in the activities to raise funds to buy lands in Palestine to block the Jewish settlement.{{cite journal|url=https://merip.org/2004/09/yusif-sayigh/|author=Roger Owen|title=Yusif Sayigh|website=Middle East Report

|date=Fall 2004|issue=232}} He was arrested during the 1948 Palestine war and released from prison in 1949. Then he went into exile settling in Beirut and became a Syrian citizen. He left the SSNP criticizing its authoritarian leadership style and its opposition to pan-Arabism in the late 1950s. After he received his PhD from Johns Hopkins University he returned to Beirut and joined the American University of Beirut where he taught courses on development economics and became a professor economics in 1963. In addition, he taught at different universities, including Princeton University, Harvard University and the University of Oxford. Sayigh was the head of the Economic Research Institute of the American University of Beirut from 1962 to 1964. He retired from his university post in 1974.{{cite news|author=Phil McCombs|title=Palestine's Currency of Peace; The PLO Economic Adviser, Selling Bankers on the Future

|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/307674959|access-date=9 October 2023|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=29 December 1993

|page=B01|id={{ProQuest|307674959}}}}

Sayigh was elected as a member of the Palestinian National Council in 1966. He was the member of the executive committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) between 1968 and 1974. He was instrumental in the establishment of the Planning Center in Beirut which he headed between 1968 and 1971.{{cite journal|author=Mayssun Soukarieh|title=Speaking Palestinian: An Interview with Rosemary Sayigh|journal=Journal of Palestine Studies|volume=38|issue=4|doi=10.1525/jps.2009.38.4.12|page=12|date=Summer 2009}} He also served as the treasurer of the PLO's National Fund from 1971 to 1974 and as its official representative to the World Bank. In the 1980s and 1990s he was a member of the PLO's Parliament in-exile.

Sayigh worked as an adviser to the Kuwait's Planning Board between 1964 and 1965 and developed a five-year development plan for the country. He was an economic adviser to the Arab League. He headed the Arab Society for Economic Research between 1992 and 1995. In addition, he was also active in the establishment of the Centre for Arab Unity Studies, the Arab Though Forum based in Jordan and the Economic Research Forum for the Arab Countries based in Iran and Turkey.

=Work=

Sayigh published many books and articles which are mostly about economic development of the Arab countries.{{cite web|title=Yusif Sayigh| website=WorldCat Entities|date=12 May 2004|url=https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB4bcyDkdxDjWgtVFrwmd.html|access-date=9 October 2023}} Some of his books included The Economies of the Arab World (1978), The Arab Economy (1982) and Arab Oil Policies (1983). His 1966 analysis on the value of the property of the Palestinian refugees which they had to abandon in Palestine was the first study on the topic.{{cite book|author=Michael Fischbach|title=Records of Dispossession. Palestinian Refugee Property and the Arab-Israeli Conflict|year=2003|url=https://doi.org/10.7312/fisc12978|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York; Chichester

|isbn=9780231503402|page=320|doi=10.7312/fisc12978}}

Sayigh also wrote a comprehensive report for the PLO entitled The Programme for Development of the Palestinian National Economy 1994–2000 in collaboration with the Palestinian experts.{{cite book|author=Raja Khalidi|editor1=Karim Makdisi|editor2=Vijay Prashad

|title=Land of Blue Helmets The United Nations and the Arab World|year=2016|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley, CA

|page=421|isbn=9780520961982|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9780520961982-022|chapter=The United Nations, Palestine, Liberation, and Development|doi=10.1515/9780520961982-022}}

=Views=

Sayigh was an advocate of the heterodox economics based on the public goods and social justice. He argued in 1986 that there could not be any economic development in Palestine under occupation.{{cite book|author=Raja Khalidi

|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA; London|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520958401-009|isbn=9780520958401|page=137|chapter=An Israel-Palestine Parallel States Economy by 2035|doi=10.1525/9780520958401-009|s2cid=198647944|editor1-link=Mark LeVine}}

For Sayigh the first intifada of Palestinians in 1988 contributed to the global understanding of their struggle for national self-determination and expanded the support for an independent Palestinian state.{{cite journal|author=Yezid Sayigh|title=Back to the Grassroots|journal=The International Spectator|page=165|volume=50|issue=4|year=2015|doi=10.1080/03932729.2015.1111583|s2cid=155972958}}

Personal life and death

Sayigh was married to scholar Rosemary Sayigh.{{cite news|title=The Times Diary|issue=57518|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS168259705/TTDA?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-TTDA&xid=d52eb6e4|access-date=9 October 2023

|work=The Times|date=25 March 1969}} They met in Beirut and wed at the National Evangelical Church in Beirut on 7 October 1953.{{cite news |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS169169224/TTDA?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-TTDA&xid=ced5b592|title=Marriages|access-date=9 October 2023|work=The Times|issue=52747|date=8 October 1953}} They had three children: Joumana, Yezid and Faris.{{cite news|title=Yusif Sayigh — economist and political activist|work=The Jordan Times|url=http://jordantimes.com/opinion/michael-jansen/yusif-sayigh-%E2%80%94-economist-and-political-activist|date=9 July 2015

|access-date=9 October 2023|author=Michael Jansen}} Yezid Sayigh is an academic.{{cite web|title=Sayigh, Yezid Yusif

|website=passia.org|url=http://passia.org/personalities/701|access-date=9 October 2023}}

Yusif Sayigh died in Beirut in 2004.{{cite journal|author=Hani A. Faris|title=Book review|journal=The Middle East Journal

|volume=70|issue=1|year=2016|pages=162–164|jstor=43698630}}{{cite journal|author=Philipp O. Amour|title=Yusif Sayigh: Personal Account of the Palestinian National Movement|doi=10.3366/hlps.2018.0184|journal=Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies

|year=2018|volume=17|issue=1|pages=142–143}}

=Awards=

Sayigh was the recipient of the prize of the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research in 1981 and of the Abdullah Tariki Award in 2000.

=Legacy=

His wife, Rosemary Sayigh, edited a book on Yusif Sayigh entitled Yusif Sayigh: Arab Economist, Palestinian Patriot. A Fractured Life in 2015.{{cite book|editor=Rosemary Sayigh|title=Yusif Sayigh: Arab Economist and Palestinian Patriot: A Fractured Life Story

|isbn=9781617976438|year=2015|url=https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2ks6zjc|doi=10.2307/j.ctv2ks6zjc|publisher=The American University in Cairo Press|location=Cairo|s2cid=249023262}}