Zondo Commission

In 2016, the Public Protector, Thuli Madonsela, launched an investigation into state capture after receiving formal complaints from Stanislaus Muyebe of the Dominican Order of Southern Africa,{{Cite web|last=Collison|first=Carl|date=2016-10-20|title=Friars fall out over public protector|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-10-20-friars-fall-out-over-public-protector/|access-date=2021-12-13|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}} another member of the public, and leader of the opposition Mmusi Maimane.{{Cite book |last=Public Protector South Africa |url=http://www.saflii.org/images/329756472-State-of-Capture.pdf |title=State of Capture (Report No. 6 of 2016/17) |publisher=SAFLII |year=2017}} In November 2016, the publication of the report of her investigation, titled State of Capture, caused a major scandal. The report implicated Zuma and other state officials in improper relationships with the Gupta family, among other improprieties, and recommended that Zuma should appoint a commission of inquiry into state capture.{{Cite web|last=Gous|first=Nico|date=2018-01-09|title=Zuma appoints commission of inquiry into state capture|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-01-09-zuma-appoints-commission-of-inquiry-into-state-capture/|access-date=2021-12-13|website=Sunday Times|language=en-ZA}} Zuma sought to have Madonsela's findings overturned in the High Court, but the court dismissed his application, finding that the Public Protector's recommendation was binding and that Zuma had to appoint a commission of inquiry within 30 days. At the instruction of the court, it was Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng who selected the chairperson of the inquiry, Deputy Chief Justice Raymond Zondo. Zondo is assisted by several other full-time officials, including former Auditor-General Terence Nombembe at the head of the investigations team,{{Cite web|last=Du Toit|first=Pieter|date=2018-08-20|title=The state capture inquiry: what you need to know|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/Analysis/the-state-capture-inquiry-what-you-need-to-know-20180819|access-date=2021-12-13|website=News24|language=en-US}} and Frank Dutton, who served as lead investigator until his death in January 2022.{{cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/just-in-blow-for-zondo-npa-as-lead-investigator-on-state-capture-matters-dies-20220120|title=Blow for Zondo, NPA as lead investigator on state capture matters dies|last=Maughan|first=Karyn|date=20 January 2022|website=News24|access-date=20 January 2022}}

The commission was established in January 2018 but did not hold its first hearing until August 2018, by which time Zuma had resigned and been replaced by President Cyril Ramaphosa. Following a series of extensions, it concluded its hearings in August 2021 with testimony from Ramaphosa. However, on 29 September, the Pretoria High Court granted the commission another three-month extension, which expired at the end of December 2021. Minister of Justice and Correctional Services Ronald Lamola – whose portfolio is responsible for financing the commission – lodged, and then withdrew, a legal challenge to the application for an extension. Another extension was granted to the commission on 28 December, giving it until 28 February 2022 to hand over the report to Ramaphosa.{{cite news|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2021-12-28-zondo-must-submit-report-to-ramaphosa-by-end-of-february-parliament-to-be-briefed-by-june/|title=Zondo must submit report to Ramaphosa by end of February, parliament to be briefed by June|work=Amanda Khoza|date=28 December 2021|access-date=31 August 2022}}

The first part of the report was handed over to Ramaphosa on 4 January 2022.{{cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/news/2022-01-05-read-it-zondo-commission-report-part-1/|title=Read it: Zondo commission report, part 1|author=Kiri Rupiah|work=Mail & Guardian|date=5 January 2022|access-date=31 August 2022}} The second part was handed over on 1 February.{{cite news|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-02-01-here-you-go-part-2-of-the-state-capture-report-read-all-about-corruption-at-transnet-and-denel/|title=Here you go – part 2 of the State Capture report – Read all about corruption at Transnet and Denel|work=Daily Maverick|date=1 February 2022|access-date=31 August 2022}} On 23 February, the Pretoria High Court extended the deadline to 30 April.{{cite news|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/just-in-zondo-commission-secures-extension-until-30-april-ramaphosa-gets-4-months-to-respond-20220223|title=Zondo Commission secures extension until 30 April, Ramaphosa gets 4 months to respond|author=Karyn Maughan|work=News24|date=23 February 2022|access-date=31 August 2022}} The commission delivered the third part of its findings on 1 March.{{cite news|url=https://www.702.co.za/articles/439986/it-s-all-about-bosasa-part-3-of-state-capture-report-made-public|title=It's all about Bosasa: Part 3 of state capture report made public|author=Kgomotso Modise|work=Radio 702|date=1 March 2022|access-date=7 August 2022}} An eighth extension was granted by the court on 28 April, extending the deadline to 15 June. The fourth tranche was handed over on 29 April.{{cite news|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-04-29-state-capture-full-report-part-4/|title=Here you go (at last): The State Capture report – Read all about Eskom, Alexkor, EOH Holdings, Free State and National Treasury|work=Daily Maverick|date=29 April 2022|access-date=7 August 2022}} The commission however failed to meet the deadline for handing over the final part of the report.{{cite news|url=https://ewn.co.za/2022/06/20/ramaphosa-expected-to-receive-final-state-capture-report-on-monday|title=Ramaphosa expected to receive final state capture report on Monday|author=Bernadette Wicks|work=Eyewitness News|date=20 June 2022|access-date=31 August 2022}} The fifth and final tranche was handed over on 22 June.{{cite news|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-06-22-here-you-go-the-final-state-capture-report-recommendations-at-last/|title=Here you go: The final State Capture report recommendations – at last|work=Daily Maverick|date=22 June 2022|access-date=7 August 2022}}

The commission was appointed under terms of reference which were flexible but which singled out for investigation several issues, primarily arising from the State of Capture report and of varying degrees of specificity. Thus the commission was to investigate whether:{{Cite book|url=https://www.statecapture.org.za/uploads/Terms_Of_Reference.pdf|title=Government Gazette No. 41403|publisher=Government Printing Works|date=2018-01-25|location=Pretoria|chapter=Proclamation no. 3 of 2018}}

• attempts had been made through inducements to influence members of the national executive or other state functionaries, including whether the Gupta family had offered cabinet positions to politicians Vytjie Mentor and Mcebisi Jonas;
• the appointment of members of the national executive and office bearers had been disclosed to the Gupta family or other unauthorised persons prior to the appointments being formally made or announced;
• the national executive or state functionaries had facilitated the unlawful awarding of tenders by state entities to benefit the Gupta family or any other individuals or corporate entities;
• there had been corruption in the awarding of contracts and tenders by the 21 major state-owned entities listed in Schedule 2 of the Public Finance Management Act;
• there had been irregularities, undue enrichment, corruption, or undue influence in the awarding of contracts, mining licenses, government advertising in the New Age newspaper, and any other governmental services to the Gupta family;
• any member of the national executive had improperly intervened in the matter of the closing of banking facilities for Gupta-owned companies;
• any advisers in the Ministry of Finance had been appointed without proper procedures, including whether Minister Des van Rooyen's two senior advisers had been appointed improperly;
• there had been corruption in the awarding of contracts and tenders by government, and of what nature and extent; and
• in particular, whether the national executive or state functionaries had influenced the awarding of tenders to benefit themselves, their families, or entities in which they held a personal interest.

If irregularities were found, the Commission was also to investigate the extent to which the national executive – including Zuma and the deputy ministers – had been responsible for them.

File:Raymond Zondo.png

Most testimony given to the inquiry focused on corruption and maladministration at state institutions during Zuma's administration (2009–2018). Over 300 witnesses testified, with revelations including allegations about:

• State capture by the Gupta brothers, including, through their media enterprises,{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-06-04-state-capture-sweet-deal-enabled-ann7-to-skip-paying-fees-for-sabc-archive-footage/|title=State capture: Sweet deal enabled ANN7 to get huge discount on SABC archive footage|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA|access-date=2019-06-08}} contracts that companies associated with the brothers received from state-owned companies,{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-05-29-transnet-finance-boss-anoj-singh-had-no-authority-to-appoint-gupta-linked-firm/|title=Transnet finance boss Anoj Singh 'had no authority' to appoint Gupta-linked firm|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA|access-date=2019-06-08}}{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2019-02-26-zondo-commission-eskoms-gupta-contracts-under-the-spotlight/|title=Zondo commission: Eskom's Gupta contracts under the spotlight|last=Smit|first=Sarah|website=Mail & Guardian|date=26 February 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-06-08}}{{Cite web|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/2036436/zondo-commission-hears-how-indian-airline-pushed-for-mumbai-route/|title=Zondo commission hears how Indian airline pushed for Mumbai route|date=14 November 2018|website=The Citizen|location=South Africa|access-date=2019-06-08|archive-date=8 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608131259/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/2036436/zondo-commission-hears-how-indian-airline-pushed-for-mumbai-route/|url-status=dead}} and controversy over an Air Force Base Waterkloof incident;{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/06/20/mkhwebane-announces-info-to-share-with-zondo-inquiry-on-guptas|title=Mkhwebane announces info to share with Zondo inquiry on Guptas|last=Mahlakoana|first=Theto|website=ewn.co.za|language=en|access-date=2019-07-29}}
• Corruption and maladministration at the Vrede Dairy Project;{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2019-07-24-vrede-farmers-lost-trust-in-mkhwebane-zondo-commission-hears/|title=Vrede farmers lost trust in Mkhwebane, Zondo commission hears|last=Smit|first=Sarah|website=Mail & Guardian|date=24 July 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-07-29}}
• Issues relating to lobbying to protect the pay-TV monopoly of MultiChoice;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-02-25-yunus-carrim-claims-multichoice-cost-sa-dearly-at-koos-bekkers-behest/|title=DAYS OF ZONDO: Yunus Carrim claims MultiChoice cost South Africa dearly — at Koos Bekker's behest|last=Davis|first=Rebecca|website=Daily Maverick|date=25 February 2020|language=en|access-date=2020-03-05}}{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2020/02/25/carrim-koos-bekker-tried-to-pressure-me-to-drop-govt-s-set-top-boxes-policy|title=Carrim: Koos Bekker tried to pressure me to drop govt's set-top boxes policy|last=Dlulane|first=Bonga|website=ewn.co.za|language=en|access-date=2020-03-05}}
• Payment of kickbacks to secure government contracts by EOH Group;{{Cite web|last=Tshwane|first=Tebogo|date=2020-11-25|title=amaBhungane: Days of Zondo: ANC and Joburg mayor Geoff Makhubo plunged into EOH tender kickback scandal|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-11-25-days-of-zondo-anc-and-joburg-mayor-geoff-makhubo-plunged-into-eoh-tender-kickback-scandal/|access-date=2020-11-27|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}{{Cite web|title=EOH Group CEO reveals how company paid bribes to politicians and officials to secure government contracts|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/gauteng/eoh-group-ceo-reveals-how-company-paid-bribes-to-politicians-and-officials-to-secure-government-contracts-c3e04f1a-c485-4185-8879-890a659f6614|access-date=2020-11-27|website=Independent Online|location=South Africa|language=en}}
• The role of McKinsey & Company in facilitating large-scale corruption by the Gupta brothers;{{Cite web|last=Bezuidenhout|first=Jessica|date=2020-12-19|title=The Days of Zondo – now starring a cast you couldn't make up|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-19-the-days-of-zondo-now-starring-a-cast-you-couldnt-make-up/|access-date=2020-12-20|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}
• The role of Bain & Company in helping to systematically de-capacitate the South African Revenue Service; and
• Harassment and persecution faced by whistleblowers who helped expose corruption.

During hearings on these sagas, the commission has heard extensive testimony about maladministration and/or corruption at state-owned enterprises and state institutions including:

• The state-owned rail monopoly Transnet;{{Cite web|date=2019-06-05|title=Transnet lost R1.8bn in club loan, Zondo Commission hears|url=https://www.enca.com/news/transnet-lost-r18b-club-loan|access-date=2019-06-08|website=eNCA|language=en}}
• National energy utility Eskom;{{Cite web|last=Smit|first=Sarah|date=5 March 2019|title=Zondo commission: Eskom 'fooled the system' to pay the Guptas|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2019-03-05-zondo-commission-eskom-fooled-the-system-to-pay-the-guptas/|access-date=2019-06-08|website=Mail & Guardian|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Manyathela|first=Clement|date=2019-03-08|title=Zondo Commission resumes with more testimony from Eskom officials|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/03/08/zondo-commission-to-resume-with-more-testimony-from-eskom-officials|access-date=2019-06-08|website=EWN|language=en}}
• The state-owned defence conglomerate Denel;{{Cite web|date=2019-03-18|title=Denel at the Zondo Commission|url=https://www.defenceweb.co.za/featured/denel-at-the-zondo-commission/|access-date=2019-06-08|website=defenceWeb|language=en-ZA}}
• The South African Broadcasting Corporation;{{Cite web|last=Chabalala|first=Jeanette|date=2019-06-04|title=SABC sold 100 hours of footage to ANN7 for 'peanuts', Zondo commission hears|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/sabc-sold-100-hours-of-footage-to-ann7-for-peanuts-zondo-commission-hears-20190604|access-date=2019-06-08|website=News24|language=en}}
• The state-owned airline South African Airways;
• Law enforcement agencies, including the South African Police Service and the National Prosecuting Authority;{{Cite web|last=Bateman|first=Barry|date=2019-04-11|title=Zondo commission to probe interference at law enforcement agencies|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/04/11/zondo-commission-to-probe-interference-at-law-enforcement-agencies|access-date=2019-06-08|website=EWN|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Thamm|first=Marianne|date=2 May 2019|title=Colonel Madhoe was credibly accused of enabling R61m worth of corrupt deals – eight years later, he is still at SAPS|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-05-03-colonel-madhoe-was-credibly-accused-of-enabling-r61m-worth-of-corrupt-deals-eight-years-later-he-is-still-at-saps/|access-date=2019-06-08|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Khumalo|first=Sibongile|date=2019-06-10|title=Reserve Bank: In 4 years, police made little headway on 64 reported cases|url=https://www.fin24.com/Economy/reserve-bank-in-4-years-police-made-little-headway-on-64-reported-cases-20190610|access-date=2019-06-10|website=Fin24}}
• The South African Revenue Service;{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Rebecca|date=2021-05-26|title='I performed sterlingly' — former commissioner Tom Moyane's take on the historic gutting of SARS|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-05-26-i-performed-sterlingly-former-commissioner-tom-moyanes-take-on-the-historic-gutting-of-sars/|access-date=2021-12-13|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}
• The State Security Agency; and
• The City of Johannesburg municipality.

Several witnesses – according to the commission, more than 40 by February 2021{{Cite web|date=2021-02-15|title=Zondo bombshell: Allegations against Zuma 'will now be treated as evidence'|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/zuma-allegations-evidence-zondo-what-questions-ask-state-capture-inquiry/|access-date=2021-12-14|website=The South African|language=en-ZA}} – personally implicated Zuma in misconduct. For example:

• Vytjie Mentor testified that in 2010, while Zuma was in a nearby room, the Gupta family had offered to make her Minister of Public Enterprises if she cancelled the South African Airways route to India, to the benefit of Jet Airways and Etihad Airways;{{Cite web|last=Smit|first=Sarah|date=2018-08-27|title=#StateCaptureInquiry: Mentor was too scared to meet with Zuma in China|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-08-27-statecaptureinquiry-mentor-was-too-scared-to-meet-with-zuma-in-china/|access-date=2021-12-13|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}
• Themba Maseko, former head of Government Communications and Information Systems, testified that in 2010 Zuma had asked him to "help" the Gupta family, including by placing government advertisements in the Gupta-owned New Age;
• Former Minister of Finance Nhlanhla Nene testified that in 2015, Zuma had scolded him for not having finalised a R1.6-trillion nuclear deal with Russia, which Nene thought exorbitantly expensive and which was ultimately approved by cabinet the same night that Nene was fired;
• Former Minister of Public Enterprises Barbara Hogan testified that Zuma had attempted to interfere in the appointment of chief executives at Transnet and Eskom, attempting to install Siyabonga Gama and Jacob Maroga respectively;{{Cite web|last=Matwadia|first=Eyaaz|date=2019-06-20|title=Key allegations levelled against Zuma at the Zondo commission|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2019-06-20-00-key-allegations-levelled-against-zuma-at-the-zondo-commission/|access-date=2019-07-16|website=Mail & Guardian|language=en}}
• Angelo Agrizzi, former Bosasa chief of operations, testified that the Bosasa chief executive Gavin Watson paid monthly R300,000 bribes to Zuma, and that Watson had hoped to lobby Zuma to hire a new director at the National Prosecuting Authority ahead of investigations into Bosasa; and
• Former ANN7 editor Rajesh Sundaram testified that Zuma – as well as his son Duduzane Zuma, who had a financial interest in the Gupta-owned ANN7 – was closely involved in ANN7 strategy and hoped to set ANN7 apart from eNCA, which he felt portrayed him and the government negatively.{{Cite web|last=Umraw|first=Amil|date=2019-06-03|title=Former ANN7 editor testifies about Jacob Zuma's involvement with channel|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-06-03-former-ann7-editor-testifies-about-jacob-zumas-involvement-with-channel/|access-date=2021-12-14|website=Sowetan|language=en-ZA}}

Many individuals have been summoned to testify before the Commission,{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/SouthAfrica/News/zondo-commission-5-of-the-most-explosive-testimonies-weve-heard-so-far-20200815|title= Zondo Commission: 5 of the most explosive testimonies we've heard so far|author=Azarrah Karrim|date=2020-08-15|website=News24|language=en|access-date=2020-10-17}} including former president Jacob Zuma and other current and former government ministers and officials, as well as various business executives. Those required to testify include Ben Ngubane, Mosebenzi Zwane, Barbara Hogan, Mcebisi Jonas, Des van Rooyen, Nomvula Mokonyane, Vytjie Mentor, Pravin Gordhan, Sibongile Sambo, Job Mokgoro and Angelo Agrizzi, among many others.

Testimony given by multiple members of the South African State Security Agency (SSA) made national headlines for the amount of state funds used irregularly, breadth of controversial clandestine activities, and overt support the agency gave to president Zuma during his presidency. The acting director-general of the SSA, Loyiso Jafta, testified that it was highly a politicised agency following its formation in 2009 and that was used to improperly fund and support a number of African National Congress (ANC) political activities.{{Cite web|last=AmaShabalala|first=Mawande|date=26 January 2021|title=State Security Agency was used to boost ANC electoral fortunes during Zuma years, inquiry hears|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2021-01-26-state-security-agency-was-used-to-boost-anc-electoral-fortunes-during-zuma-years-inquiry-hears/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-28|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}} This confirmed previous testimony given by the Former Chairperson of the High-Level Panel of Review into the SSA, Sydney Mufamadi.{{Cite web|date=2021-01-26|title=State Security Agency suffered from selective adherence to the law|url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/state-security-agency-suffered-from-selective-adherence-to-the-law/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-28|website=SABC News|language=en-US}} Jafta stated that at least R9 billion (roughly equivalent to US$758.7 million) of the SAA's fixed assets were "not to be found and that R125-million could not be accounted for in the 2017/18 financial year."{{Cite web|last=Thamm|first=Marianne|date=2021-01-26|title=DAYS OF ZONDO: Secret billions poured into State Security Agency to sustain and protect 'Zuma regime', claims Acting DG Loyiso Jafta|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-01-26-secret-billions-poured-into-state-security-agency-to-sustain-and-protect-zuma-regime-claims-acting-dg-loyiso-jafta/|access-date=2021-01-28|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}} Prior to Jafta's testimony the Minister of State Security Ayanda Dlodlo sought to muzzle Jafta arguing that it would endanger state security.

Testimony given to the commission regarding the improper activities of the SSA state that:

• The news wire service, African News Agency, was given R20 million in 2015/16 as part of a state campaign to action a "media project aimed at 'countering negative local and international perceptions of the country, Zuma and the SSA'".{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Rebecca|date=2021-01-26|title=COVERT OPS & MEDIA: Iqbal Survé's news service claims it was not a spy vehicle – it was merely paid to carry content for State Security Agency|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-01-26-iqbal-surves-news-agency-claims-it-was-not-a-spy-vehicle-it-was-merely-paid-to-carry-content-for-state-security-agency/|access-date=2021-01-28|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}
• Then president Jacob Zuma was personally and improperly given millions of Rands in cash from the SSA budget on a monthly basis between 2015 and 2017.{{Cite web|last=Maughan|first=Karyn|title=State Capture: Zondo hears how Zuma was paid from intelligence slush fund for years|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/state-capture-inquiry-mufamadis-explosive-evidence-of-planned-operation-to-bribe-judges-for-zuma-20210125|access-date=2021-01-28|website=News24|language=en-US}}
• SSA resources and intelligence were used to fight political battles within the ANC.{{Cite web|title=State Security Agency was politicised, Zondo commission told|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/state-security-agency-was-politicised-zondo-commission-told/|access-date=2021-01-28|website=BusinessLIVE|language=en-ZA}} This includes fighting against President Ramaphosa's 2017 ANC presidential campaign to replace Zuma.{{Cite web|last=AmaShabalala|first=Mawande|date=25 January 2021|title=Zondo hears how Zuma used State Security Agency to deal with perceived enemies, including Ramaphosa|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2021-01-25-zondo-hears-how-zuma-used-state-security-agency-to-deal-with-perceived-enemies-including-ramaphosa/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-28|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}
• SSA resources were used to enhance the electoral fortunes of the ANC.{{Cite web|last=AmaShabalala|first=Mawande|date=26 January 2021|title=State Security Agency was used to boost ANC electoral fortunes during Zuma years, inquiry hears|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-01-26-state-security-agency-was-used-to-boost-anc-electoral-fortunes-during-zuma-years-inquiry-hears/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-28|website=The Sowetan|language=en-ZA}}
• The SSA was used to spy on and neutralise civil society actives such as the Right2Know campaign, Zuma Must Fall and Fees Must Fall movements.{{Cite web|last=Thamm|first=Marianne|date=2021-01-25|title=DAYS OF ZONDO: Commission hears of alleged covert ops in media, judiciary, civil society, academia and unions, costing taxpayers 'hundreds of millions'|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-01-26-commission-hears-of-alleged-covert-ops-in-media-judiciary-civil-society-academia-and-unions-costing-taxpayers-hundreds-of-millions/|access-date=2021-01-28|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}
• SSA resources were used to prevent investigations into state corruption and improper activities within the SSA.{{Cite web|last=Ngatane|first=Nthakoana|title=Miss K: SSA 'paid' to accommodate MKMVA people for Luthuli House campaign|url=https://ewn.co.za/2021/01/27/miss-k-ssa-paid-to-accommodate-mkmva-people-for-luthuli-house-campaign|access-date=2021-01-28|website=ewn.co.za|language=en}}

Bosasa COO Angelo Agrizzi made national headlines when he testified to the commission that the company systematically gave substantial bribes to South African government officials to ensure that the company received government contracts and was not investigated.{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/04/15/nc-education-dept-says-its-willing-to-address-bosasa-corruption-accusations|title=NC Education Dept says its willing to address Bosasa corruption accusations|last=Kassen|first=Jarita|website=ewn.co.za|language=en|access-date=2019-06-08}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-01-30-the-unravelling-of-angelo-agrizzi-state-captures-racist-whistle-blower/|title=Days of Zondo: The unravelling of Angelo Agrizzi, State Capture's racist whistle-blower|last=Bezuidenhout|first=Jessica|website=Daily Maverick|date=29 January 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-06-08}}{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/03/29/angelo-agrizzi-bosasa-a-classic-example-of-what-state-capture-is|title=Angelo Agrizzi: Bosasa a classic example of state capture|last=Dlulane|first=Bonga|website=ewn.co.za|language=en|access-date=2019-06-08}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2019-03-25-angelo-agrizzi-set-to-give-more-explosive-testimony-at-zondo-commission/|title=Angelo Agrizzi set to give more explosive testimony at Zondo commission|website=BusinessLIVE|language=en-ZA|access-date=2019-06-08}} Agrizzi's testimony implicated then President Zuma, notable government minister Nomvula Mokonyane,{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/mokonyane-feels-betrayed-by-zondo-commission-for-not-giving-her-access-to-contents-of-agrizzis-testimony-20190121|title=Mokonyane feels 'betrayed' by Zondo commission for not giving her access to contents of Agrizzi's testimony|date=2019-01-21|website=News24|language=en|access-date=2019-02-01}} chairperson of South African Airways Dudu Myeni,{{Cite web|url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/dudu-myeni-was-powerful-state-capture-inquiry-hears-2019-01-28/rep_id:4136|title=Dudu Myeni 'was powerful', State capture inquiry hears|last=Agency|first=African News|website=Engineering News|access-date=2019-01-29}} and ANC politician Gwede Mantashe.{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/mantashe-wants-to-testify-about-bosasa-security-upgrade-claims-offers-to-take-journos-to-his-homes-20190202|title=Mantashe wants to testify after Bosasa security upgrade claims, offers to take journos to his homes|date=2019-02-02|website=News24|language=en|access-date=2019-02-03}}

Former minister of Water and Sanitation, Nomvula Mokonyane, was implicated in a number of allegations of corruption during the commission.{{cite news|last=Ngqakamba|first=Sesona|date=2019-01-21|title=Mokonyane feels 'betrayed' by Zondo commission for not giving her access to contents of Agrizzi's testimony|newspaper=news24|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/mokonyane-feels-betrayed-by-zondo-commission-for-not-giving-her-access-to-contents-of-agrizzis-testimony-20190121}} This included testimony by Agrizzi that Mokonyane was paid R50,000 (around US$3,500) a month for years to protect Bosasa from law enforcement agencies and that she received numerous 'gifts' from Bosasa such as expensive vehicles. Mokonyane's testimony before the commission was notable for its contradictory statements, the serious nature of the allegations made against her, and the high profile it received in the media.

Dudu Myeni, a close associate of president Zuma, was implicated in illegal activities when she was chairperson of South African Airways.{{Cite web|last=Cronje|first=Jan|date=2019-06-19|title=Former SAA exec says Dudu Myeni asked staff to 'do illegal things'|url=https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Industrial/former-saa-exec-says-dudu-myeni-asked-staff-to-do-illegal-things-20190619|access-date=2019-06-19|website=Fin24}} When Myeni appeared before the commission on 5 November 2020 she repeatedly revealed the identity of a secret state witness, in violation of the terms set by the Commission.{{Cite web|date=2020-11-06|title=Myeni identifies Mr X despite Zondo anonymity ruling, claims she did not mean to breach rules|url=https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/industrial/myeni-identifies-mr-x-despite-zondo-anonymity-ruling-claims-she-did-not-mean-to-breach-rules-20201105|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Fin24}} The witness had received anonymity as the commission had reason to believe that the witness's life would be at risk if their identity was made public. This resulted in Judge Zondo requesting that criminal charges be placed on Myeni.{{Cite web|title=Raymond Zondo asks commission to lay criminal complaint against Dudu Myeni|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2020-11-27-raymond-zondo-asks-commission-to-lay-criminal-complaint-against-dudu-myeni/|access-date=2020-11-27|website=BusinessLIVE|language=en-ZA}}{{Cite web|title=Zondo commission to lay criminal charge against Dudu Myeni|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/breaking-zondo-commission-to-lay-criminal-charge-against-dudu-myeni-20201127|access-date=2020-11-27|website=News24|language=en-US}}

Former Bain & Company partner, Athol Williams, testified for two days presenting evidence of the alliance between Bain & Company, Jacob Zuma, Tom Moyane and others to plan the restructuring of numerous state institutions. His testimony provided evidence of the premeditated plans to restructure South African Revenue Service which led to its near collapse.{{Cite web|url=https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/hearings/date/2021/3/24|title=Day 367|website=Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture, Corruption and Fraud in the Public Sector including Organs of State}}{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2021/03/24/watch-live-athol-williams-continues-testimony-at-state-capture-commission|title=WATCH LIVE: Athol Williams continues testimony at state capture commission|publisher=Eyewitness News|website=ewn.co.za}}{{Cite web|last=Nicolson|first=Greg|date=March 23, 2021|title=Bain & Co planned to work with Zuma to 'reshape SA economy', says former partner Athol Williams|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-03-23-bain-co-planned-to-work-with-zuma-to-reshape-sa-economy-says-former-partner-athol-williams/|website=Daily Maverick}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/news/state-capture-i-received-lot-threats-athol-williams-zuma-moyane-sars-bain|title=State Capture | I received a lot of threats - Athol Williams | eNCA|website=www.enca.com}} In November 2021, Williams published Deep Collusion: Bain and the capture of South Africa which is based on his testimony.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nb.co.za/en/view-book/?id=9780624091998|title=NB Publishers | Deep Collusion|website=www.nb.co.za}}

From 16 July 2019, Zuma testified before the Zondo Commission about his role in state capture and corruption activities. On the first day of his testimony he claimed that there was a foreign-backed conspiracy against him and that some of those testifying against him were apartheid-era spies.{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/zuma-at-state-capture-inquiry-will-he-out-more-people-20190716|title=Zuma at state capture inquiry: Will he out more people?|last=Chabalala|first=Jeanette|date=2019-07-16|website=News24|language=en|access-date=2019-07-16}}{{Cite web|last=Bezuidenhout|first=Jessica|date=2019-07-16|title=The Essence of Zuma, Day One: 'State Capture Commission is designed to bury me'|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-07-16-the-essence-of-zuma-day-one-state-capture-commission-is-designed-to-bury-me/|access-date=2019-07-16|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}} Zuma accused the Zondo Commission of being a tool to end his political career.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/15/jacob-zuma-south-africa-corruption-inquiry|title=Zuma tells South Africa corruption inquiry he is victim of foreign plot|last=Burke|first=Jason|date=2019-07-15|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-07-16|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} Zuma admitted to having a friendly relationship with the Gupta brothers, but denied engaging in any corrupt activities. Following the first day of Zuma's testimony, the Democratic Alliance accused Zuma of trying to play the victim and misleading the commission.{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/jacob-zuma-attempted-to-play-the-victim-at-zondo-commission-das-mazzone-29248981|title=Jacob Zuma attempted to play the victim at Zondo commission - DA's Mazzone {{!}} IOL News|website=Independent Online|location=South Africa|language=en|access-date=2019-07-16}}

During Zuma's second day of testimony, he claimed that he was the target of a suicide bombing assassination attempt, the South African Police Service later stated that they were unaware of any such event taking place.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-07-16-zuma-hasnt-laid-a-case-related-to-suicide-bomber-plot-and-reveals-new-assassination-threat/|title=DAYS OF ZONDO: NEWSFLASH: Zuma hasn't laid a case related to suicide bomber plot – and reveals new assassination threat|last=Haffajee|first=Ferial|website=Daily Maverick|date=16 July 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-07-19}} Zuma controversially accused senior ANC member Ngoako Ramatlhodi of being a spy involved in a conspiracy against him.{{Cite web|url=https://www.biznews.com/leadership/2019/07/16/zuma-zondo-highlights-watch-live|title=Zuma at Zondo - a blow by blow account of Day Two|date=2019-07-16|website=BizNews.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-19}} During the third day of Zuma's testimony he accused the commission of being biased against him and threatened to withdraw his cooperation.{{Cite web|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/07/17/zuma-accuses-zondo-of-being-unfair-as-testimony-halted-on-day-3|title=Zuma accuses Zondo of being unfair as testimony halted on day 3|last=Ntsabo|first=Mihlali|website=ewn.co.za|language=en|access-date=2019-07-19}} On the fourth day, Zuma's legal team announced that it would be withdrawing from the commission,{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-07-19-hlaudi-motsoeneng-sighted-as-jacob-zuma-arrives-at-state-capture-probe/|title=Jacob Zuma retracts his withdrawal from state capture probe|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA|access-date=2019-07-19}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/zuma-will-no-longer-participate-in-statecaptureinquiry-lawyer-29495573|title=Zuma will no longer participate in #StateCaptureInquiry - lawyer|date=19 July 2019|website=Independent Online|location=South Africa|language=en|access-date=2019-07-19}} but later the same day announced that he had changed his mind and would return to give additional testimony at a later date.{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/jacob-zuma-backtracks-on-decision-to-withdraw-from-state-capture-inquiry-20190719|title=Jacob Zuma backtracks on decision to withdraw from state capture inquiry|date=2019-07-19|website=News24|language=en|access-date=2019-07-19}}

Following Zuma's testimony to the commission, South African media speculated that the chances of Zuma being later charged and convicted for crimes committed during his administration or for giving false testimony to the commission had increased.{{Cite web|url=https://www.biznews.com/undictated/2019/07/15/zuma-zondo-another-bric-president-bars|title=Zuma at Zondo: Odds shorten on another BRICs president behind bars|last=Hogg|first=Alec|date=2019-07-15|website=BizNews.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-19}}{{Cite web|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/state-capture/2155177/zumas-allegations-could-see-him-facing-jail-time-analysts/|title=Zuma's allegations could see him facing jail time – analysts|last=Mabena|first=Sipho|website=The Citizen|date=16 July 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-07-19}} On 11 October 2019, a South African high court denied Zuma a motion to strike down 16 criminal charges of fraud, racketeering and money laundering related to an illegal $2.5bn (£1.98bn) arms deal which allegedly was undertaken in the late 1990s in order to ensure that South Africa's armed forces could buy 30bn rand of European military hardware.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/11/zuma-to-stand-trial-corruption-charges-arms-deal-south-african-president|title=Zuma to stand trial on corruption charges relating to $2.5bn arms deal|first=Jason|last=Burke|work=The Guardian|date=11 October 2019|access-date=23 December 2020}}

Zuma's legal team attempted to get Judge Zondo to recuse himself from the commission accusing Zondo of bias and having a supposed prior friendship with Zuma.{{Cite web|last=Powell|first=Cathleen|title=South African judge has refused to step down from corruption probe: this was the right call|url=http://theconversation.com/south-african-judge-has-refused-to-step-down-from-corruption-probe-this-was-the-right-call-150484|access-date=2020-11-27|website=The Conversation|date=19 November 2020 |language=en}} Judge Zondo rejected the recusal request.

A little over 16 months after Zuma first appeared before the commission criminal charges were laid against him for walking out of the commission without permission and refusing to give testimony.{{Cite web|last=Mahlangu|first=Isaac|title=Zondo to lay criminal charges against Zuma for walking out|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-11-23-zondo-to-lay-criminal-charges-against-zuma-for-walking-out/|access-date=2020-11-27|website=The Sowetan|language=en-ZA}}{{Cite web|title=Zondo commission to lay criminal charges against Jacob Zuma for walking out of inquiry|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/zondo-commission-to-lay-criminal-charges-against-jacob-zuma-for-walking-out-of-inquiry-01296852-383c-4a71-8f3d-c43c4fb50569|access-date=2020-11-27|website=Independent Online|location=South Africa|language=en}} This was preceded by a long period in which Zuma tried to avoid appearing before the commission through legal moves and arguments in the alleged hope that the commission would conclude before he would have to appear before it.{{Cite web|last=Naidoo|first=Lawson|date=2020-11-15|title=OP-ED: Zuma vs Zondo: The former president's Stalingrad strategy in the arms deal saga is being replayed|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-11-15-zuma-vs-zondo-the-former-presidents-stalingrad-strategy-in-the-arms-deal-saga-is-being-replayed/|access-date=2020-11-27|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}{{Cite web|last=Ntshidi|first=Edwin|title=Zondo commission must take action against Jacob Zuma for contempt - Outa|url=https://ewn.co.za/2020/11/22/zondo-commission-must-take-action-against-jacob-zuma-for-contempt-outa|access-date=2020-11-27|website=ewn.co.za|language=en}} This approach was dubbed as Zuma's Stalingrad defence strategy.{{Cite web|last=AmaShabalala|first=Mawande|title=Yet another Stalingrad? Zuma unveils his latest weapon in his war with Zondo|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times-daily/politics/2020-11-16-yet-another-stalingrad-zuma-unveils-his-latest-weapon-in-his-war-with-zondo/|access-date=2020-11-27|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}{{Cite web|last=Marrian|first=Natasha|title=NATASHA MARRIAN: Zuma's desperation in stalingrad|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/fm/opinion/state-of-play/2020-10-01-natasha-marrian-zumas-desperation-in-stalingrad/|access-date=2020-11-27|website=BusinessLIVE|language=en-ZA}} In December 2020, Judge Zondo ordered Zuma to testify before the commission regarding Zuma's involvement with the Guptas business deals.{{cite news|url=https://www.enca.com/news/zuma-needs-answer-allegations-zondo|title=Zuma needs to answer allegations: Zondo|publisher=eNCA|date=21 December 2020|access-date=23 December 2020}} Judge Zondo's order was taken to the Constitutional Court which ruled that Zuma had to answer questions before the commission and ordered Zuma to pay the commission’s legal costs.{{Cite web|last=Nicolson|first=Greg|date=2021-01-28|title=NEWSFLASH: Final order: ConCourt rules Jacob Zuma must appear and answer questions at Zondo Commission|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-01-28-final-order-concourt-rules-jacob-zuma-must-appear-and-answer-questions-at-zondo-commission/|access-date=2021-01-28|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}

Zuma defied the Constitutional Court and refused to testify to the Zondo Commission on 4 February 2021. The commission, whose mandate ends on 31 March, asked the court for an urgent order directing him to give evidence.{{cite news |last1=Allen |first1=John |title=South Africa: Former President Zuma Defies Constitutional Court Ruling to Testify on State Capture |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202102010791.html |access-date=February 2, 2021 |work=allAfrica.com |agency=All Africa |date=1 February 2021 |language=en}} A judge later requested that a contempt of court charge be filed against Zuma.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56073199|title=South Africa's Jacob Zuma in 'contempt of court', says judge|work=BBC News|date=February 15, 2021|access-date=February 17, 2020}} On 25 March 2021, the Constitutional Court upheld a previously ruling which found that Zuma's refusal to testify before the Commission classified as contempt of court.{{cite news|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-03-26-jacob-zuma-fires-back-at-constitutional-court-claiming-emergence-of-a-judicial-dictatorship/|title=Jacob Zuma fires back at Constitutional Court, claiming emergence of a 'judicial dictatorship'|first=Victoria|last=O'Regan|work=Daily Maverick|date=March 26, 2021|access-date=April 16, 2021}}{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/s-africa-court-reserves-verdict-in-zuma-contempt-case/2187904|title=S. Africa court reserves verdict in Zuma contempt case|first=Hassan|last=Isilow|publisher=Anadolu Agency|date=March 25, 2021|access-date=April 16, 2021}} On 29 June the Constitutional Court handed down a 15 month prison sentence to Zuma.{{Cite news|date=2021-06-29|title=Ex-President Jacob Zuma sentenced by South Africa's top court|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57650517|access-date=2021-07-03}} Shortly after Zuma's imprisonment on 7 July large scale unrest and looting broke out{{cite news|date=9 July 2021|title=South Africa deploys military to tackle Zuma riots|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57803513|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712145825/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57803513|archive-date=12 July 2021|accessdate=13 July 2021}} in the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng, lasting from 9 to 17 July 2021.

The Report comprises findings 6 volumes, each volume with multiple parts, and each part focusing on a specific genre of state capture and related findings.{{Cite web |title=Final Reports |url=https://www.statecapture.org.za/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture, Corruption and Fraud in the Public Sector including Organs of State}} While there has been some follow-up on certain of the recommendations by the executive and/or other parties, much remains to be done.{{Cite web |last=Kohn |first=Lauren |title=ANALYSIS {{!}} State capture in SA: time to think differently about redress and recovering stolen loot |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/opinions/analysis/analysis-state-capture-in-sa-time-to-think-differently-about-redress-and-recovering-stolen-loot-20230209 |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}

Initially the findings were to be released in three parts but this number was later increased. Each of the multiple parts of the report's findings were divided into multiple volumes. An extension was requested so that the commission would have additional time to deliver its findings; this pushed the deadline for releasing all of its findings out to 15 June 2022.{{Cite web |title=Zondo asks for 6-week extension of State Capture Inquiry, Eskom report handover by Monday |url=https://www.polity.org.za/article/zondo-asks-for-6-week-extension-of-state-capture-inquiry-eskom-report-handover-by-monday-2022-04-22 |access-date=2022-04-30 |website=www.polity.org.za |language=en}} The commission found that multiple incidents of state capture took place within South African government departments and state-owned enterprises during the presidency of Jacob Zuma as senior officials routinely broke law.{{Cite web|last=Bezuidenhout|first=Jessica|date=2022-01-04|title=DAYS OF ZONDO: SOE contracts with Guptas' New Age newspaper were unlawful, State Capture report finds|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-01-05-soe-contracts-with-guptas-new-age-newspaper-were-unlawful-state-capture-report-finds/|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}

Part 1 was released on Tuesday 4 January 2022. It has three volumes with the first volume focused on corruption within the state owned South African Airways, the second on findings relating to the Gupta family, and the third on the South African Revenue Service and recommendations to reform the government procurement system. Some notable finding of part 1 of the Zono Commission found the following:

Part 1 made the following findings regarding South African Airways (SAA):

• The appointment Dudu Myeni as chairperson of SAA by then President Zuma had caused “sustainable damage” to the company.
• Despite public controversy over Myeni's actions as chairperson all attempts to remove her were resisted "at the highest level" of government.
• Myeni had "a sustained disdain for the authority and processes of the commission”.{{Cite web|last=Erasmus|first=Des|date=2022-01-04|title=DAYS OF ZONDO: Zuma confidante Dudu Myeni acted with 'corrupt intent' at SAA, State Capture Inquiry finds|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-01-04-zuma-confidante-dudu-myeni-acted-with-corrupt-intent-at-saa-state-capture-inquiry-finds/|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}
• Resources that Myeni "unlawfully received from [the] State Security Agency" revealed "how close she was to President Zuma".
• Yakhe Kwinana, during her time as a board member between 2009 and 2016, caused "sustained damage" to the financial position of SAA and seemingly lacked "knowledge and appreciation" of her duties as a chartered accountant.{{Cite web|last=Cronje|first=Jan|date=6 January 2022|title=Accounting body probing 'no clue' ex-SAA director Yakhe Kwinana|url=https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/financial-services/accounting-body-probing-no-clue-ex-saa-director-yakhe-kwinana-20220106|access-date=7 January 2022|website=Fin24}}
• PricewaterhouseCoopers effectively enabled capture of SAA by failing to adequately audit its financial and accounting processes between 2012 and 2016.{{Cite web|last1=Gumede|first1=Michelle|last2=Mhlanga|first2=Denise|date=6 January 2022|title=Raymond Zondo censures PwC for turning blind eye to state capture|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/companies/financial-services/2022-01-06-raymond-zondo-censures-pwc-for-turning-blind-eye-to-state-capture/|access-date=6 January 2022|website=BusinessLIVE}}

The report recommended that:

• Myeni be charged with corruption and fraud.{{Cite web|last=AmaShabalala|first=Mawande|date=5 January 2022|title=Zondo recommends NPA charge Dudu Myeni for fraud and corruption|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2022-01-04-zondo-recommends-npa-charge-dudu-myeni-for-fraud-and-corruption/|access-date=2022-01-05|website=BusinessLIVE|language=en}}
• Kwinana be investigated by the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants.

Part 1 made the following notable findings regarding the South African Revenue Service (SARS):

• Moyane and Zuma played a critically important role in "capturing" the SARS and that Moyane was appointed by then President Zuma as SARS commissioner to facilitate this.
• SARS was targeted as its powers to investigate organised crime was seen as a threat to the state capture project.
• Zuma, Moyane and Bain & Company worked together to facilitate the take over of SARS.{{Cite web|last=Wyk|first=Pauli Van|date=2022-01-04|title=DAYS OF ZONDO: Five things to know about the State Capture Commission's findings and recommendations on SARS|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-01-04-five-things-to-know-about-the-state-capture-commissions-findings-and-recommendations-on-sars/|access-date=2022-01-05|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}

The report recommended that:

• All state contracts with Bain & Company be reviewed.
• Moyane be charged with perjury for lying and providing false information to parliament.{{Cite web|last=Savides|first=Matthew|date=5 January 2022|title=Zuma, Moyane played 'critical role' in dismantling Sars, Zondo report finds|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2022-01-04-zuma-moyane-played-critical-role-in-dismantling-sars-zondo-report-finds/|access-date=2022-01-05|website=BusinessLIVE|language=en}}

Part 1 made the following notable findings regarding the Gupta family enterprises and activities:

• The awarding of government tenders and state owned enterprise advertising contracts to the Gupta owned New Age Newspapers defied both "logic and legal requirements."{{Cite web|date=2022-01-05|title=Zondo: Millions of rands syphoned to Gupta-owned newspaper|url=https://mg.co.za/?p=507368|access-date=2022-01-05|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA}}
• Then Minister for Public Enterprises, Malusi Gigaba, was “prepared to do wrong for the Guptas or Mr Zuma”.

The report recommended that:

• Brian Molefe and Collin Matjila facilitated Gupta corruption within Transnet and SAA respectively; and that they should face criminal charges.{{Cite web|last=Madia|first=Tshidi|title=Molefe, Matjila & Tony Gupta should face criminal charges - Zondo Inquiry|url=https://ewn.co.za/2022/01/05/brian-molefe-collin-matjila-and-tony-gupta-should-face-criminal-charges-zondo-inquiry|access-date=2022-01-05|website=ewn.co.za|language=en}}

Part 1 found that the ANC:

• Benefited from the extensive corruption of state enterprises, including SARS and SAA. This alleged corruption also benefited Zuma and his political allies.{{Cite web|last=Ferreira|first=Emsie|date=6 January 2022|title=Zondo: ANC was either incompetent or asleep on capture|url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2022-01-06-zondo-anc-was-either-incompetent-or-asleep-on-capture/|access-date=6 January 2022|website=Mail & Guardian|language=en}}
• Exhibited an apparent lack of concern regarding the decline of state entities, and an unwillingness or inability to rectify these institutions.{{Cite web|last=Hunter|first=Qaanitah|date=6 January 2022|title=ANC 'did not care or they slept on the job or they had no clue what to do' - Zondo Commission report|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/anc-did-not-care-or-they-slept-on-the-job-or-they-had-no-clue-what-to-do-zondo-commission-report-20220106|access-date=6 January 2022|website=News24|language=en}}

Part 2 was published on 1 February 2022 and announced findings on corruption and maladministration within the state-owned companies Denel, Eskom and Transnet. The following notable findings were made:

• Jacob Zuma sought to have Siyabonga Gama appointed as CEO and thus served as a "willing enabler" of corrupt practices at Transnet.{{Cite web|last1=Wicks|first1=Jeff|last2=Masondo|first2=Sipho|date=2 February 2022|title=State capture report: Zuma should be investigated for Transnet corruption|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/investigations/state-capture-report-zuma-should-be-investigated-for-transnet-corruption-20220202|access-date=2 February 2022|website=News24|language=en}}
• Soon after Gama and Brian Molefe were appointed to executive positions in 2011, the SOE saw the "first significant locomotive transaction tainted by corruption".{{Cite web|last=Areff|first=Ahmed|date=1 February 2022|title=Transnet locomotive procurement train smash: prosecute Molefe, Singh and Gama, Zondo says|url=https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/transnet-locomotive-procurement-train-smash-prosecute-molefe-singh-and-gama-zondo-says-20220201|access-date=1 February 2022|website=News24|language=en}}
• Three main corrupt deals to procure 1,259 locomotives with China South Rail, China North Rail, General Electric, and Bombardier Transportation.

The report recommended that:

• Brian Molefe, Anoj Singh and Siyabonga Gama should be prosecuted for facilitating the corrupt procurement of train locomotives.
• Jacob Zuma should face charges of "corruption and racketeering" stemming from his instrumental role.

{{See also|Bosasa}}

Part 3 was published on 1 March 2022 and focused on findings relating to corruption relating to the privately owned state contractor BOSASA. Following the release of part 3 the commission's findings were criticized by allies of Jacob Zuma.{{Cite web |last=Mafolo |first=Karabo |date=2022-03-02 |title=DAYS OF ZONDO, PART THREE: Zuma acolytes rubbish state capture report findings as 'not worth the paper they are written on' |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-03-02-zuma-acolytes-rubbish-state-capture-report-findings-as-not-worth-the-paper-they-are-written-on/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}} Part 3 made the following notable findings and recommendations regarding government's interactions with state service provider BOSASA:

• Senior ANC politician Gwede Mantashe should be probed for corruption for receiving kickbacks from BOSASA.{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Setumo |title=Zondo recommends Mantashe be probed for corruption |url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/politics/zondo-recommends-mantashe-be-probed-for-corruption-20220302 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Citypress |language=en-US}}
• Dudu Myeni received bribes and helped halt a BOSASA corruption probe.{{Cite web |last=Haffajee |first=Ferial |date=2022-03-01 |title=DAYS OF ZONDO, PART THREE: Dudu Myeni loved Louis Vuitton, especially when stuffed with R300,000 Bosasa cash |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-03-02-dudu-myeni-loved-louis-vuitton-especially-when-stuffed-with-r300000-bosasa-cash/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}

Part 4 of the commission's findings was divided into four volumes and published on the morning of 29 April 2022. The fourth part of the findings focused on the attempted capture of the National Treasury, corruption between the private technology service provider EOH and the City of Johannesburg, corruption within state owned diamond mining company Alexkor, the Free State asbestos removal and public housing project, and the capture of the state electrical utility Eskom. The fourth part of the commissions report made the following notable findings:

• The R1.2 billion Free State Housing project to construct 200,000 houses was a "dismal failure" due to government mismanagement.{{Cite web |title=Part 4 of state capture report notes 'dismal failure' of Free State's R1bn housing project |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2022-04-29-part-4-of-state-capture-report-notes-dismal-failure-of-free-states-r1bn-housing-project/ |access-date=2022-04-29|first=Amanda|last=Khoza|website=BusinessLIVE |language=en-ZA}}
• The 2015 firing of Nhlanhla Nene as finance minister confirmed that President Jacob Zuma was a puppet of the Gupta brothers{{Cite web |date=2022-04-29 |title=Zuma was the Guptas' puppet, Zondo finds |url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2022-04-29-zuma-was-the-guptas-puppet-zondo-finds/ |access-date=2022-04-29 |first=Emsie|last=Ferreira|website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}} and that it was "almost a miracle" that the national Treasury was not captured by Gupta interests.{{Cite web |last=Cohen |first=Tim |date=2022-04-29 |title=DAYS OF ZONDO, PART FOUR: 'Almost a miracle' Treasury wasn't captured, says Chief Justice while recommending charges against Tony Gupta |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-04-29-almost-a-miracle-treasury-wasnt-captured-says-chief-justice-while-recommending-charges-against-tony-gupta/ |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}
• Zuma had been "determined", over several years, to grant control of the National Treasury to the Gupta family.{{Cite web |last=Omarjee|first=Lameez|date=30 April 2022|title=Zuma was 'determined' to hand over Treasury to the Guptas, but resistance stalled its capture|url=https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/zuma-was-determined-to-hand-over-treasury-to-the-guptas-but-resistance-stalled-its-capture-20220430|access-date=1 May 2022|website=News24}}
• "Certain Gupta-linked individuals or entities were irregularly or corruptly awarded certain contracts at Alexkor"{{Cite web |date=2022-04-29 |title=Part 4 of Zondo report itemises explosive revelations into state capture |url=https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/south-africa/part-4-of-zondo-report-itemises-explosive-revelations-into-state-capture/ |first=Barbara|last=Curson|access-date=2022-04-30 |website=Moneyweb |language=en}}

The report recommends that:

• Tony (Rajesh) Gupta be prosecuted for corruption.
• Mosebenzi Zwane, Moses Mpho Mokoena and other individuals involved in the Free State housing project should be investigated and potentially charged with fraud.{{Cite web|title=Zondo Report: ANC did not deal with failure of service delivery|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/zondo-report-anc-did-not-deal-with-failure-of-service-delivery-20220430|first=Queenin|last=Masuabi|date=30 April 2022|access-date=1 May 2022|website=News24}}
• Former Eskom executives Brian Molefe, Anoj Singh and Matshela Koko be criminally investigated for improperly awarding contracts to McKinsey & Company and Trillian Capital Partners.{{Cite web |date=2022-04-29 |title=DAYS OF ZONDO, PART FOUR: No dodging the State Capture hangover for McKinsey and Trillian |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-04-29-no-dodging-the-state-capture-hangover-for-mckinsey-and-trillian/ |first=Jessica|last=Bezuidenhout|access-date=2022-04-29 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}
• Alexkor executives be investigated for corrupt links to the Gupta family and their companies.{{Cite web |date=2022-04-29 |title=Zondo report: Diamond mine Alexcor chief executive, directors, executives must be investigated for Gupta-linked dealings |url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2022-04-29-zondo-report-diamond-mine-alexcor-chief-executive-directors-executives-must-be-investigated-for-gupta-linked-dealings/ |first=Lyse|last=Comins|access-date=2022-04-30 |website=The Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}
• Ramaphosa should "consider" Zizi Kodwa's position as Deputy Minister of State Security due to his links with allegedly corrupt individuals at EOH.{{Cite web|title=Zondo report: Zizi Kodwa 'beholden' to a potential suspect in multiple criminal investigations|url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2022-04-29-zondo-report-zizi-kodwa-beholden-to-a-potential-suspect-in-multiple-criminal-investigations/|first=Lyse|last=Comins|date=29 April 2022|access-date=2 May 2022|website=Mail & Guardian}}

• Crony capitalism
• Salim Essa

Part 1 findings

• [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/638/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_Report:_Part_1_Vol._1:_SAA_(18_MB).pdf Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 1 Vol. 1: South African Airways] (4 January 2022)

Part 2 findings

• [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/642/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_-_Report_Part_2_-_Denel_AND_Transnet.pdf Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 2: Denel & Transnet] (2 February 2022)
• [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/640/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_-_Report_Part_2_-_Transnet.pdf Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 2 Vol. 1: Transnet] (2 February 2022)
• [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/641/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_-_Report_Part_2_-_Denel.pdf Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 2 Vol. 2: Denel] (2 February 2022)

Part 3 findings

• [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/649/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_Report_Part_3-1.pdf Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 3 Vol. 1: BOSASA] (1 March 2022)
• [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/650/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_Report_Part_3-2.pdf Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 3 Vol. 2:] [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/649/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_Report_Part_3-1.pdf BOSASA] (1 March 2022)
• [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/651/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_Report_Part_3-3.pdf Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 3 Vol. 3:] [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/649/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_Report_Part_3-1.pdf BOSASA] (1 March 2022)
• [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/652/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_Report_Part_3-4.pdf Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 3 Vol. 4:] [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/649/Judicial_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_State_Capture_Report_Part_3-1.pdf BOSASA] (1 March 2022)

Part 4 findings

• [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/654/State_Capture_Commission_Report_Part_IV_Vol_I.pdf Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 4 Vol. 1: Attempted Capture of National Treasury] (29 April 2022)
• [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/654/State_Capture_Commission_Report_Part_IV_Vol_II.pdf Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 4 Vol. 2: Attempted Capture of National Treasury] (29 April 2022)
• [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/654/State_Capture_Commission_Report_Part_IV_Vol_III.pdf Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 4 Vol. 3: Attempted Capture of National Treasury] (29 April 2022)
• [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/files/announcements/654/State_Capture_Commission_Report_Part_IV_Vol_IV.pdf Judicial Commission of Inquiry into State Capture Report: Part 4 Vol. 4: Attempted Capture of National Treasury] (29 April 2022)

• [https://zondoatyourfingertips.info/ Zondo At Your Fingertips] (2023). Holden, Paul. Jacana Media Pty (Ltd), South Africa. {{ISBN|9781431433261}}

• [https://www.statecapture.org.za/site/information/reports Final Reports - Commission of Inquiry into state capture]
• [https://www.sastatecapture.org.za/ Website of the Commission of Inquiry]
• [https://www.timeslive.co.za/group/State_Capture/ TimesLive coverage] of the commission
• [https://ewn.co.za/Topic/State-capture-inquiry Eyewitness News coverage] of the commission
• [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article_tag/zondo-commission/ Daily Maverick coverage] of the commission
• [https://www.news24.com/Tags/Topics/state_capture_inquiry News24 coverage] of the commission
• [https://pari.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Betrayal-of-the-Promise-25052017.pdf Betrayal of the Promise] Report.
• [http://pmg-assets.s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/170725No-Room-to-Hide.pdf ‘No Room To Hide: A President Caught in the Act’ Report]
• [https://outa.co.za/projects/state-capture OUTA’s State Capture Portfolio]

{{Reflist}}

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Category:Public inquiries in South Africa

Category:Jacob Zuma

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