Zulfikar family
{{short description|Egyptian noble family}}
{{Infobox noble house
| surname = Zulfikar
| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ar|ذو الفقار}}}}
| other_name =
| coat of arms =
| alt =
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| type = Noble family
| origin = Egyptian
| parent house =
| country = Egypt
| founded =
| founder = Prince Ahmed Pasha Turguman
| current head =
| dissolution =
| final ruler =
| members = Ahmed Pasha Zulfikar
| estates = Islamic Cairo, Old Cairo, Upper Egypt
| notes =
| titles = Pasha, Bek or Bey, Hanum, Prince, Emir
| styles =
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| cadet branches =
}}
The Zulfikar family, sometimes spelled Zolfakar ({{langx|ar|عائلة ذو الفقار}}), is a prominent Egyptian noble family. They have had an influence that has stretched from the late 16th century to modern times.{{Cite web |date=2021-12-22 |title=من أسرة ملكية وحرس السادات في السجن.. الوجه الآخر لصلاح ذو الفقار |url=https://www.elbalad.news/5095703 |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=صدى البلد |language=ar-eg}}
It is known that more than one Zulfikar has been either a ruler of Egypt or a prince in the Egyptian Mamluk era. The family has produced a large number of military officers from the 19th to the late-20th century. It has also contributed to modern Egyptian art through the works of filmmaker Ezz El-Dine Zulfikar, filmmaker Mahmoud Zulfikar, actor Salah Zulfikar, poet Magda Zulfikar, among others.{{Cite web |title=Remembering Ezz Eldin Zulfikar: The romantic film pioneer – Screens – Arts & Culture |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/355526/Arts--Culture/Film/Remembering-Ezz-Eldin-Zulfikar-The-romantic-film-p.aspx |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=Ahram Online}}
Overview, history and name
Sources indicate that family's last name 'Zulfikar' came as a reference to the Zulfiqar sword of Muhammad. In legend, Muhammad asked God to give him a sword, and granted it to Ali to replace his old broken sword. This sword is of a high value to the Muslim world.{{Cite book |last=Gauding, Madonna |date=October 2009 |title=The Signs and Symbols Bible:The Definitive Guide to Mysterious Markings |publisher=Sterling Publishing Company |isbn=978-1-4027-7004-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SImTll3uupIC&q=Zulfiqar+sword&pg=PA105}}
Sources indicate that the Zulfikar family was already well established in Cairo by the late 16th century. Many elders thereof held the title of prince, pasha, bey or hanim in the Mamluk era. Also sources indicate that other Zulfikars sat on the Majlis created by Ibrahim Pasha.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beBEAQAAMAAJ&dq=ahmed+zulfikar+pasha&pg=RA1-PA657 |title=Great Britain and the East |date=1919 |language=en}}
Ahmed Pasha Zulfikar is widely considered to be the modern founding father of the family.{{Cite web |title=شيعت أول أمس جنازة شريف ذوالفقار – الأهرام اليومي |url=https://gate.ahram.org.eg/daily/Wafyat/370542/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A9%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%B0%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1.aspx |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=gate.ahram.org.eg}} On the occasion of the 1952 Egyptian revolution, the Zulfikar family contributed in fighting against the British occupation, with many members in the Egyptian Armed Forces and the Egyptian National Police during the period. The influence of the family on Egyptian culture, literature, academia, and art was fundamental.{{Cite web |title=Remembering Salah Zulficar – Film – Arts & Culture |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/5/2408/Arts--Culture/Remembering--Salah-Zulficar-.aspx |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Ahram Online}}{{Cite web |title=عائلة ذو الفقار : كلها باشوات وملكة وثلاثة نجوم سينما – جريدة البشاير |url=https://elbashayer.com/1588556/811903 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=elbashayer.com}}
Notable members
Notable family members include Mohammed Bek Zulfikar and Ahmed Mourad Bey Zulfikar (who served as Senior Cairo police commissioner in early 1940s). With a majority of a military background, such as major general Kamal Zulfikar in the Egyptian Armed Forces, others switched careers to filmmaking in the mid-20th century. This cohort included such figures as Ezz El-Dine Zulficar, who was also a military officer in the Egyptian Armed Forces, a friend of many of the major Free Officers Movement members who had a career shift in 1947. He presented patriotic films after the revolution. He is regarded as one of the most influential filmmakers in Egyptian cinema.
File:Salah_Zulfikar_in_his_police_days.jpg
Salah Zulfikar was one of Egypt's heroes in its battle against the occupation while serving in the Egyptian National Police. He became an actor in 1956 and a film producer in 1958. He starred in over one hundred films. He is regarded as one of his country's most iconic male performers in the 20th century.{{Cite web |date=2017-11-13 |title=10 times Salah Zulfakar pioneered best scenes in Egyptian cinema |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/32356/10-times-Salah-Zulfakar-pioneered-best-scenes-in-Egyptian-cinema |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=EgyptToday}}{{Cite web |date=2022-02-09 |title=عائلة ذو الفقار السينمائية بسينما الهناجر .. الخميس |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2022/2/9/عائلة-ذو-الفقار-السينمائية-بسينما-الهناجر-الخميس/5649498 |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=اليوم السابع |language=ar}} Mahmoud Zulfikar was an architect, film director, actor, producer and screenwriter. He was a major cinematic figure in the Egyptian film industry.{{Cite journal |last=Kennedy |first=Philip F. |date=2010 |title=Sons and Lovers and the Mirage: Recognition, Melodrama and Psychoanalysis in Maḥfūẓ's al-Sarāb |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20720602 |journal=Journal of Arabic Literature |volume=41 |issue=1/2 |pages=46–65 |doi=10.1163/157006410X486729 |jstor=20720602 |issn=0085-2376|url-access=subscription }}
In the Businessworld, notable family members include Ahmed Bek Zulfikar, Abbas Helmi Bek Zulfikar, Mohammed Zulfikar, Mamdouh Zulfikar among others - who all worked in multiple business fields during the 19th and the 20th centuries. Ahmed Zulfikar was an Egyptian entrepreneur.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JhyAAAAMAAJ&q=%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3+%22%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D8%B0%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%22 |title=Uktūbar |date=1994 |publisher=Muåssasat Uktūbar al-Ṣaḥafīyah |language=ar}} He was one of the first founders of the modern irrigation systems technology in Egypt.{{Cite web |last=old-arabic-art |title=ARABIC ART. |url=https://old-arabic-art.tumblr.com/post/163427674302/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B0%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1-the-zulfikar-family |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=Tumblr}}{{Cite book |last=Zayyāt |first=ʻAbduh Ḥasan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BeICAAAAMAAJ&q='%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF+%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7+%D8%B0%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1' |title=سعد زغلول من أقضيته |date=1974 |publisher=دار الكتاب اللبناني، |language=ar}}
File:Dina_Zulfikar_by_Hatem_Moushir.JPG
Other notable members of the family include Mona Zulfikar; she is a prominent lawyer and human rights activist who was included in the Forbes 2021 list of the "100 most powerful businesswomen in the Arab region".{{Cite web |last=Makary |first=Marina |date=2020-02-16 |title=Meet The 10 Egyptian Women Who Made it to Forbes Power Businesswomen in The Middle East 2020 |url=https://scoopempire.com/meet-the-10-egyptian-women-who-made-it-to-forbes-power-businesswomen-in-the-middle-east-2020/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Scoop Empire |language=en-US}} Ezz El-Dine Zulfikar's daughter, Dina Zulfikar, is an environmentalist and active member of Egypt's animal rights community, having co-founded the country's first and largest animal rights organization, the Society for Protection of Animal Rights in Egypt.{{Cite web |date=2020-03-21 |title=Top 15 Inspiring Egyptians of the Decade in Business and Entrepreneurship {{!}} Egyptian Streets |url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2020/03/21/top-15-inspiring-egyptians-of-the-decade-in-business-and-entrepreneurship/ |access-date=2023-01-15 |language=en-US}}{{Cite book |title=Ms. Mona Zulficar |url=https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/AdvisoryCom/CVMembers/MonaZulficar.pdf}}{{Cite web |date=2011-04-29 |title=Dina Zulfikar: Egypt's lead animal welfare activist |url=https://cloudflare.egyptindependent.com/dina-zulfikar-egypts-lead-animal-welfare-activist/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Egypt Independent |language=en-US}}