Zweigelt
{{Short description|Varietal}}
{{Infobox grape variety
| name = Zweigelt
| color = Noir
| image = Traubenwelke Zweigelt.JPG
| caption = Zweigelt grapes with signs of withering
| species = Vitis vinifera
| also_called = Blauer Zweigelt, Rotburger
| origin = Klosterneuburg, Austria
| pedigree0 = St. Laurent & Blaufränkisch
| hazards =
| regions = Austria
| notable_wines =
}}
The Zweigelt ({{IPA|de|ˈt͡svaɪ̯ɡl̩t|lang|De-Zweigelt.ogg}}), also known as Rotburger, is an Austrian hybrid grape variety created in 1922 by Friedrich Zweigelt (1888–1964), who later became Director of the Federal Institute and Experimental Station of Viticulture, Fruit Production and Horticulture (1938–1945). Zweigelt is a crossing between the St. Laurent and Blaufränkisch grape varieties.
Wine regions
Widely planted in Austria, Zweigelt vines have made inroads in the Canadian wine regions of Ontario's Niagara Peninsula and of British Columbia, with limited plantings in Hungary, Australia and New Zealand. In the Czech Republic it is known as Zweigeltrebe and is the third-most widely planted red-grape variety, comprising approximately 4.7% of total vineyards.
Wine of Czech Republic [http://www.wineofczechrepublic.cz/ukaz_odrudu.php?id=25&lang=en]; see chart at {{cite web |title=STATISTICS&CHARTS |url=http://www.wineofczechrepublic.cz/3-4-statistics_charts_en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611054856/http://www.wineofczechrepublic.cz/3-4-statistics_charts_en.html |archive-date=June 11, 2008 |access-date=July 1, 2011}} It grows in most of the wine regions in Slovakia. {{As of | 2010}}, newly established Belgian and Polish vineyards have also started to plant Zweigelt. {{As of | 2014}}, Washington state has several small plantings (only a few acres) of Zweigelt, including Wilridge Winery{{Cite web|url=https://wilridgewinery.com/|title=Wilridge Vineyard, Winery & Distillery|website=Wilridge Vineyard, Winery & Distillery|access-date=May 17, 2020}} and Perennial Vintners.{{Cite web|url=http://www.perennialvintners.com/|title=Perennial Vintners -- Introduction/Home|website=www.perennialvintners.com|access-date=May 17, 2020}}
Naming and synonyms
Zweigelt is also known as Rotburger (not to be confused with Rotberger), Zweigeltrebe, and Blauer Zweigelt.
The Austrian viticulturist, Dr. Laurenz (Lenz) Moser (1905-1978), recognized the suitability of the "St. Laurent x Blaufränkisch" variety for high-trained vines as early as the 1950s. Moser considered the designation "St. Laurent x Blaufränkisch" to be too long, and from this point onwards argued that the crossing should be named after its original grower, Friedrich Zweigelt.Cf. Daniel Deckers: Friedrich Zweigelt as reflected by contemporary sources. In: Wine in Austria. The History. Brandstätter Verlag, Vienna 2019, {{ISBN|978-3-7106-0404-1}}, p. 179. By 1958, the naming process had reached a stage at which it could no longer be stopped.Daniel Deckers: Friedrich Zweigelt as reflected by contemporary sources. In: Wine in Austria. The History. Brandstätter Verlag, Vienna 2019, {{ISBN|978-3-7106-0404-1}}, p. 190.
The official designation "Zweigeltrebe Blau" appeared for the first time in 1972, when the new Grape Variety Index for Qualitätsweine (Quality Wines) was launched.Cf. Daniel Deckers: Friedrich Zweigelt as reflected by contemporary sources. In: Wine in Austria. The History. Brandstätter Verlag, Vienna 2019, {{ISBN|978-3-7106-0404-1}}, p. 191. The name of the variety was altered to "Blauer Zweigelt" in 1978, and the synonym "Rotburger" was created at the same time.Ordinance of the Federal Minister of Agriculture and Forestry of 20 September 1978 (Federal Law Gazette No. 517/1978). The aim here was to make it clear that the new cultivations of Blauburger, Goldburger and Rotburger/Blauer Zweigelt all shared a common origin.Verbal explanation provided by Josef Weiss, Director of the Federal Institute of Viticulture and Fruit Production in Klosterneuburg for many years. No evidence can be found to support the widespread assertion that Zweigelt himself had applied the designation "Rotburger" to his new variety.
"Rotburger" remains a valid synonym and continues to be used as a label designation by Austrian vintners, although most producers prefer the name Zweigelt.Johann Werfring: Der Rote von der Burg. In: "Weinherbst 2013", supplement to the "Wiener Zeitung" of 2 November 2013, p. 8. The problem of naming the variety after a committed Nazi was first addressed publicly in December 2018.[https://www.noen.at/in-ausland/aktion-abgezweigelt-zweigelt-soll-in-blauer-montag-umbenannt-werden-essen-und-trinken-nationalsozialismus-weinbau-oesterreich-128108105 Aktion "Abgezweigelt" – Zweigelt soll in "Blauer Montag" umbenannt werden.] In: Niederösterreichische Nachrichten. 10 December 2018.Magdalena Pulz: Der Geist in der Flasche. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. 13 December 2018, p. 1 (online: [https://www.sueddeutsche.de/stil/zweigelt-oesterreich-wein-1.4249551 Wein in Österreich –Zwielichtiger Zweigelt]).
Viticultural characteristics
In the Puget Sound AVA it tends to ripen 1–2 weeks earlier than Pinot Noir, and has very large heavy clusters of dark blue-almost-black grapes. The wine tends to be darker in color than Pinot Noir grown in the same area, and produces a larger crop than Pinot Noir.File:20191213-zwcluster-IMG 3527.jpg
See also
- Blauburger – red grape created by Zweigelt the following year