al-Fashir

Late in the 18th century, Sultan Abd-er-Rahman el-Rashid of the Sultanate of Darfur moved his itinerant court (fashir) to a site called Rahad Tendelti while campaigning in the region of northern Darfur as it was a superb spot for a settlement and grazing; eventually the site was renamed to al-Fashir.{{Cite book |first=Donald |last=Crummey |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/52601158 |title=Land, literacy and the state in Sudanic Africa |date=2005 |publisher=Red Sea Press |isbn=1-56902-182-1 |oclc=52601158}}{{cite book |title=Famine That Kills: Darfur |url=https://archive.org/details/faminethatkillsd00dewa |url-access=registration |last=de Waal |first=Alex |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Cary, NC |year=2005 |page=[https://archive.org/details/faminethatkillsd00dewa/page/60 60]}} A town developed around the sultan's palace grounds.

File:AlFashir-Darfur-Sudan.jpg

Fighting known as the Battle of El Fasher commenced in April 2023.{{Cite news |last=Salih |first=Zeinab Mohammed |last2=Michaelson |first2=Ruth |date=2023-05-01 |title=Medics in Sudan warn of crisis as health system near collapse |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/01/medics-in-sudan-warn-of-crisis-as-health-system-near-collapse |access-date=2023-05-08 |issn=0261-3077}}

Al-Fashir has a hot arid climate (Köppen BWh) with three distinct seasons. There is a bone-dry and relatively "cool" season from October to February when temperatures are merely hot by afternoon and cool in the mornings, which gives way to a sweltering and equally arid "hot season" from March to May with high temperatures around {{convert|38|C|F|0|disp=or}} and morning lows of {{convert|21|C|F|0|disp=or}}. The Sahelian monsoon arrives in June and lasts until September, creating a short wet season that produces virtually all the year's rainfall of around {{convert|210|mm|in|disp=or}}, accompanied by much higher humidity than during the remainder of the year.

{{Weather box

| width = auto

| collapsed =

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| location = Al-Fashir (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1961–2020)

| Jan record high C = 39.5

| Feb record high C = 41.0

| Mar record high C = 42.2

| Apr record high C = 43.0

| May record high C = 46.3

| Jun record high C = 44.2

| Jul record high C = 41.7

| Aug record high C = 43.5

| Sep record high C = 41.5

| Oct record high C = 40.0

| Nov record high C = 38.4

| Dec record high C = 36.7

| year record high C = 46.3

| Jan high C = 29.5

| Feb high C = 32.5

| Mar high C = 35.5

| Apr high C = 38.2

| May high C = 39.2

| Jun high C = 38.9

| Jul high C = 36.3

| Aug high C = 34.1

| Sep high C = 35.9

| Oct high C = 36.2

| Nov high C = 33.1

| Dec high C = 30.1

| year high C = 35.0

| Jan mean C = 20.3

| Feb mean C = 23.0

| Mar mean C = 26.3

| Apr mean C = 29.4

| May mean C = 31.3

| Jun mean C = 31.7

| Jul mean C = 30.1

| Aug mean C = 28.5

| Sep mean C = 29.4

| Oct mean C = 28.8

| Nov mean C = 24.3

| Dec mean C = 21.0

| year mean C = 27.0

| Jan low C = 11.1

| Feb low C = 13.6

| Mar low C = 17.1

| Apr low C = 20.6

| May low C = 23.5

| Jun low C = 24.5

| Jul low C = 23.9

| Aug low C = 22.9

| Sep low C = 22.9

| Oct low C = 21.3

| Nov low C = 15.6

| Dec low C = 11.8

| year low C = 19.1

|Jan record low C = 0.7

|Feb record low C = 1.4

|Mar record low C = 6.5

|Apr record low C = 8.2

|May record low C = 12.8

|Jun record low C = 15.7

|Jul record low C = 15.6

|Aug record low C = 13.5

|Sep record low C = 15.0

|Oct record low C = 7.1

|Nov record low C = 5.6

|Dec record low C = 2.0

|year record low C = 0.7

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 0

| Feb precipitation mm = 0

| Mar precipitation mm = 0

| Apr precipitation mm = 1

| May precipitation mm = 6.5

| Jun precipitation mm = 16.4

| Jul precipitation mm = 60

| Aug precipitation mm = 102.9

| Sep precipitation mm = 28.9

| Oct precipitation mm = 3.8

| Nov precipitation mm = 0

| Dec precipitation mm = 0

| year precipitation mm = 219.5

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 0

| Feb precipitation days = 0

| Mar precipitation days = 0

| Apr precipitation days = 0.2

| May precipitation days = 0.8

| Jun precipitation days = 2.2

| Jul precipitation days = 6.1

| Aug precipitation days = 8.8

| Sep precipitation days = 3.4

| Oct precipitation days = 0.6

| Nov precipitation days = 0

| Dec precipitation days = 0

| year precipitation days = 22

| Jan humidity = 24

| Feb humidity = 19

| Mar humidity = 16

| Apr humidity = 17

| May humidity = 23

| Jun humidity = 32

| Jul humidity = 47

| Aug humidity = 57

| Sep humidity = 44

| Oct humidity = 28

| Nov humidity = 24

| Dec humidity = 24

| year humidity = 30

| Jan sun = 306.9

| Feb sun = 274.4

| Mar sun = 291.4

| Apr sun = 282.0

| May sun = 266.6

| Jun sun = 231.0

| Jul sun = 213.9

| Aug sun = 213.9

| Sep sun = 237.0

| Oct sun = 285.2

| Nov sun = 306.0

| Dec sun = 313.1

| year sun = 3221.4

| source 1 = NOAA{{cite web

|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Sudan/CSV/ElFasher_62760.csv

|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020 — al-Fashir

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = January 21, 2024}}{{cite web

| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/SU/62760.TXT

| title = El Fasher (Al-Fashir) Climate Normals 1961–1990

| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

| access-date = 17 January 2016}}

}}

Due to the nearby Abu ShoukMitchell, Andrea (2007) Talking Back...to Presidents, Dictators, and Assorted Scoundrels (2nd edition) Penguin Books, New York, [https://books.google.com/books?id=aG4Qfc9gcfAC&pg=PR41 page xli], {{ISBN|978-0-14-303873-3}} and Al Salam[http://www.unsudanig.org/library/mapcatalogue/darfur/data/camps/Map%201300%20SU-DAR-CAMP-55_A1_01Feb09_North_Darfur_AbuShouk_AlSalam_Camps_V2.pdf "Northern Darfur: Abu Shouk and Al Salam IDP Camps"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723173935/http://www.unsudanig.org/library/mapcatalogue/darfur/data/camps/Map%201300%20SU-DAR-CAMP-55_A1_01Feb09_North_Darfur_AbuShouk_AlSalam_Camps_V2.pdf |date=23 July 2011 }} map, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Date Created: 1 February 2009 IDP camps with the influx of humanitarian aid from the United Nations as a result of the Darfur crisis, the city has experienced a significant economic and population boom. Rents and retail sales increased, including the selling of bottled water and the opening of a pizza parlor to cater to the demand from western aid workers. The number of gas stations has tripled in three years as a result of the increase in the amount of automobiles in the city. Employment opportunities also increased as the United Nations offered jobs to citizens. Economics analyst Adam Ahmed stated that the "people [of Al-Fashir] are beginning to think in a more business-minded way" to make the most of their situation.Sanders, Edmund. [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-aidtown30apr30,0,4922479.story?page=1 A Darfur capital is a humanitarian boomtown], Los Angeles Times, 2008-04-30.

• Chad – border country near Nyala, Sudan.
• History of Darfur

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

• [http://i-cias.com/sudan/fasher.htm Adventures of Sudan: Al-Fashir]
• [http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=627600 Historical weather for Al-Fashir]

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Fashir

Category:State capitals in Sudan

Category:Capitals of former nations